Araştırma Makalesi

Discourses of Orientalism and Counter - Orientalism in Post- September 11 Movies: United 93 and Rendition

Sayı: 11 21 Nisan 2018
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Discourses of Orientalism and Counter - Orientalism in Post- September 11 Movies: United 93 and Rendition

Abstract

The tragedy of September 11 was a world-changing event, as it penetrated the inner crevices of human consciousness and inaugurated a new World Order governed by a discourse of Orientalism and counter-Orientalism. The symbolical value of attacks became a powerful tool to prove historical conflicts between East and West conflicts, arouse psychological fears and anxieties, and justify the use of force against an enemy who had brought this unfortunate day on the United States.  The artistic works produced in response to the attacks became the topic of critical debate about how to portray the attacks. The representation of the Muslim “Other” is one of the issues addressed in this debate. In the wake of the terrorist attacks, post-September 11 movies responded to the Orientalist discourses and stereotyping that dominated mainstream media. Some filmmakers reproduced the same stereotypical image of the “Other” while others challenged these stereotypes and Orientalist discourses. The present paper analyzes the representation of the Muslim “Other” in two movies: Paul Greengrass’ United 93 (2006) and Gavin Hood’s Rendition (2007). This juxtaposition is meant to present perspectives on the September 11 attacks among movie directors. I investigate continuities and transformations of Orientalism in both movies. My analysis indicates that United 93 reinforces and perpetuates orientalist discourses while Rendition refutes the same discourse by employing a more balanced approach. 

Keywords

Kaynakça

  1. Ahmad, Leila. (2008). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press. Boston. Print. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. (2002) The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. New York: Routledge, 2002. Print. Butler, Judith. (2001)“Giving an Account of Oneself.” Diacritics 31.4: 22-40. Clifford, James. (1980). Review Orientalism by Edward Said. History and Theory 19.2 204-23. Ebert, Roger. “Rendition.” 18 October 2007. Accessed March 30 2015. Web. Ford, Elisabeth.(2001). “Hollywood’s Take On September 11.” In Horror After September 11; World of Fear, Cinema and Terror. Ed. Aviva Briefel and Sam J. Miller. University of Texas Press. Grewal, Inderpal. (2003) “Transnational America: Race, Gender and Citizenship after September 11.” Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture: 9.4 535-561. Gray, Richard. (2001) J. After the Fall: American Literature since September 11. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley,. Kumar, Malreddy Pavan. (2004).“Introduction: Orientalism(s) after September 11.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing: 33-40. Khalid, Maryam. (2011). “Gender, Orientalism and Representations of the ‘Other’ in the War on Terror.” Global Change, Peace & Security 23.1: 15-29. Lebling, Bob. (1980). “Orientalists.” Review Orientalism by Edward Said. Journal of Palestine Studies: 118-122. Rendition. Dir. Gavin Hood. New Line Cinema: 2007. Rothberg, Michael. (2009). “A Failure of the Imagination: Diagnosing the Post- September 11 Novel, A Response to Richard Gray.” American Literary History 21.1 : 152- 158. Rickli, Christina. (2009). “An Event ‘Like a Movie’? Hollywood and September 11.” COPAS: Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies 10. Ross, Stevens. (2014). Movies and American Society. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Said, Edward W. (1981). Covering Islam. London: Vintage. Said, Edward W. (2014). Orientalism. London: Penguin. United 93. Dir. Paul Greengrass. Universal Studios: 2006. Zizek, Slavoj.(2006). “On September 11, New Yorkers Faced the Fire in the Minds of Men.” The Guardian September 11.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Nisan 2018

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Şubat 2018

Kabul Tarihi

14 Nisan 2018

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2018 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

APA
Güven, F. (2018). Discourses of Orientalism and Counter - Orientalism in Post- September 11 Movies: United 93 and Rendition. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 259-272. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.417500