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Considerare ve desiderare: Astronomik bir etimoloji

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 27, 745 - 756, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105602

Öz

Desīderāre ve conīderāre sözcüklerinin etimolojisi tartışmalı bir konu olarak günümüze ulaşmıştır. Sīdus (yıldız/takımyıldız) kelimesinin varlığı ve yıldızların gözlemlenmesiyle ilgili Roma ritüelleri, her çağda yıldız gözlemi ve sihirle ilgili bir açıklama arayan sözlük derleyicilerini etkilemiştir. Araştırmacılar son zamanlarda sīdus kelimesinin incelenmesine odaklanmışlar ve bu iki kelimenin anlamını ve etimolojisini avcılık, balıkçılık veya astroloji gibi sektörlerin dilleriyle ilişkilendirerek çelişkili sonuçlar bulmuşlardır. Bu etimolojinin bilim ya da pratik bilgi amaçlı olduğu varsayılan astronomiyi içerdiğini göz önünde bulundurarak, bu makale dēsīderāre ve consīderāre fiilleri için farklı bir açıklama sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Eski zamanlarda gökyüzünün gözlemlenmesi çeşitli etkinlikler için çok önemliydi çünkü yıldızlar insanlara doğru zaman göstergeleri sağlıyordu. Bu göstergeler farklı takımyıldızlardan oluşuyordu. Sīdus bir takımyıldızı veya yıldız grubunu ifade ederken, tek bir yıldıza Latince stella adı verilirdi. Ayrıca tarım, toplumların hayatta kalması için temel olmasına rağmen, gökyüzünün yardımı olmadan yapılması imkansız olan, vazgeçilmez ve zamana dayalı bir faaliyetti. Bu karşılıklı bağımlılık hem Yunan hem de Latin edebiyatında mevcut çünkü yıldız tabanlı takvimler birçok eski uygarlıkta bulunan ortak bir özelliktir. Bu arka plana karşı, bu makale, desīderāre ve conīderāre fiillerinin tarım diline ait olduğunu ve yeni yaşam döngüsü kaygısı ve tarımsal işlerin planlanması ile ilgili hem beklenti hem de düşünme değerlerini içerdiğini savunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Calendario. (1930). In Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani, retrieved from http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ricerca/calendario-romano_(storia)/
  • Clédat, L. (1914). Sidéral. In Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Française. (p.534) Paris: Librairie Achette et C.
  • Consider. (1867). In J. Donald (Ed.), Chamber's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (p. 121). London: Edinburg: W. & R. Chambers.
  • Consider. (1911). In W. Skeat (Ed.), Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (II ed. pp. 107-108) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Consider. (n.d.). In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etymonline.com/word/consider#etymonline_v_18238
  • Considerar. (1887). In R. Barcia & E. de Echegaray (Eds.), Diccionario General Etimológico de la Lengua Española. (vol.2 p.392). Madrid: Alvarez Hermanos de Roquefort J.B.B.
  • Désirer. (1829). In Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Française. (vol.1, p.231). Paris: Decourchant.
  • Crommelin, A. C. D, (1923). In Phillips T.E. R. & Steavenson W. H . Hutchinso (Eds), Splendour of the Heavens, London, pp. 640-649
  • De Laet, S. J. (1994). In In UNESCO Director-General (Ed.), From the Beginnings of Food Production to the first States. (pp.880-897). History of humanity, v. I: Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000119149.locale=en
  • Desiderate. (1867). In J. Donald (Ed.), Chamber's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (p. 121). London: Edinburg: W. & R. Chambers.
  • Desire. (1911). In W. Skeat (Ed.) Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (II ed. p. 138) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Desire. (n.d.). In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etymonline.com/word/desire?ref=etymonline_crossreference#etymonline_v_5657
  • Ernout, A. & Meillet, A. (2001). Sidus. In A. Jaque (Ed.) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Latin. (1st ed. 1932, rev. ed. 1985, p. 623). Parigi: Klincksiek.
  • Gaspani, A. (2010). Elementi di Archeoastronomia (6 parte). Retrieved from Duepassinelmistero: http://www.duepassinelmistero.com/elementiarcheoastro6.htm
  • Hesiod. (1914). Works and Days. (Vol. 57). (H. G. Evelyn-White, Trans.). Cambridge: Loeb Classica Library.
  • Hughes, A. (2005) Neolithic and Early Bronze Age skywatchers and the precession of the equinox. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. Vol. 115, No. 1, p.29-35
  • Le Bœuffle, A. (1994). Horace et l'astronomie. Vita Latina, N°134, pp. 37-44.
  • Lindsay, W. M 1858-1937. The Latin Language; a historical account of Latin sounds, stems and flexions. London
  • Maunder E. W., (1909). The astronomy of the Bible, Hodder & Stoughton, London
  • Nyman, M. (1990). Hits and Misses: Lat. considerare and desiderare. Historische Sprachforschung/Historical Linguistics, 103(1), 51-68.
  • Pianigiani, O. (1907). Considerare. In F. L. Pullè (Ed.), Vocabolario Etimologco della Lingua Italiana. (vol. 1, p. 332.). Roma-Milano: Società Editrice Dante Alighieri.
  • Pârvulescu, A. (1980). Latin Considerare et Desiderare. Zeitschrift furvergleichende Sprachforschung. (94. Bd), 159-165.
  • Pokorny, J. (1959). su̯eid-I. In Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. (1st Ed. 1887, vol.3, p.1042). Bern: Francke.
  • Quintilian. (1920). Istitutio Oratoria. Cambridge: (B., H., Edgeworth trans.) Cambridge: Loeb Classica Library.
  • Rogers, J.H. (1998) Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol.108, no.1, p.9-28
  • Sidus. (1918). In M. Bréal &A. Bailly (Eds.). Dictionnaire Étymologique Latin. (p.346). Paris: Librairie Achette et C.
  • Varro (M. Terentius) 1938. On the latin Language. R.G. Kent (ed.), Books 5-7, Harvard Univeristy Press, Cambridge
  • Virgil. (2001). The Georgics Book I Agriculture and Weather. (A.S. Kein trans.) Retrieved from https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/VirgilGeorgicsI.php#anchor_Toc533589842
  • Wedgwood, H. (1872). Consider. In A Dictionary of English Etymology. London: Trubner & Co. 168-170.
  • Wood, F. A. (1912). Notes on Latin Etymologies. Classical Philology, 7, pp. 302-304.
  • Wharton, E. R. (1890). Etyma latina. London retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/EtymaLatina_805/page/n5/mode/2up

Considerare and desiderare: An astronomic etymology

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 27, 745 - 756, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105602

Öz

The etymology desīderāre and consīderāre has been a controversial subject. The presence of the word sīdus (star/constellation) and the roman rituals related to the observation of the stars have influenced numerous dictionary compilers who propend for an explanation tackling stars observation and magic. Researchers have focused on the examination of the word sīdus and have found conflictive results, linking the meaning and etymology of these words to the sectorial languages of astrology, hunting, or fishing. Considering that this etymology supposedly incorporates astronomy, intended as science or practical knowledge, this article aims to offer a different explanation for desīderāre and consīderāre. In ancient times the observation of the sky was pivotal for various activities because the stars were providing humans with accurate indications of time. These indicators were composed of different constellations. While sīdus refers to a constellation or group of stars, a single star is named stella in Latin. Besides, agriculture was an indispensable and time-based activity, which was impossible to do without the help of the sky although it was fundamental for the survival of communities. This interdependence was present in both Greek and Latin literature, as the star-based calendars are a common trait found in many ancient civilizations. Against this background, this article argues that desīderāre and consīderāre pertain to the agricultural language and it incorporates both values of expectation and pondering that are related to the anxiety for the new vital cycles and the planning of agricultural works.

Kaynakça

  • Calendario. (1930). In Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani, retrieved from http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ricerca/calendario-romano_(storia)/
  • Clédat, L. (1914). Sidéral. In Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Française. (p.534) Paris: Librairie Achette et C.
  • Consider. (1867). In J. Donald (Ed.), Chamber's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (p. 121). London: Edinburg: W. & R. Chambers.
  • Consider. (1911). In W. Skeat (Ed.), Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (II ed. pp. 107-108) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Consider. (n.d.). In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etymonline.com/word/consider#etymonline_v_18238
  • Considerar. (1887). In R. Barcia & E. de Echegaray (Eds.), Diccionario General Etimológico de la Lengua Española. (vol.2 p.392). Madrid: Alvarez Hermanos de Roquefort J.B.B.
  • Désirer. (1829). In Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Française. (vol.1, p.231). Paris: Decourchant.
  • Crommelin, A. C. D, (1923). In Phillips T.E. R. & Steavenson W. H . Hutchinso (Eds), Splendour of the Heavens, London, pp. 640-649
  • De Laet, S. J. (1994). In In UNESCO Director-General (Ed.), From the Beginnings of Food Production to the first States. (pp.880-897). History of humanity, v. I: Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000119149.locale=en
  • Desiderate. (1867). In J. Donald (Ed.), Chamber's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language (p. 121). London: Edinburg: W. & R. Chambers.
  • Desire. (1911). In W. Skeat (Ed.) Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. (II ed. p. 138) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Desire. (n.d.). In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.etymonline.com/word/desire?ref=etymonline_crossreference#etymonline_v_5657
  • Ernout, A. & Meillet, A. (2001). Sidus. In A. Jaque (Ed.) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Latin. (1st ed. 1932, rev. ed. 1985, p. 623). Parigi: Klincksiek.
  • Gaspani, A. (2010). Elementi di Archeoastronomia (6 parte). Retrieved from Duepassinelmistero: http://www.duepassinelmistero.com/elementiarcheoastro6.htm
  • Hesiod. (1914). Works and Days. (Vol. 57). (H. G. Evelyn-White, Trans.). Cambridge: Loeb Classica Library.
  • Hughes, A. (2005) Neolithic and Early Bronze Age skywatchers and the precession of the equinox. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. Vol. 115, No. 1, p.29-35
  • Le Bœuffle, A. (1994). Horace et l'astronomie. Vita Latina, N°134, pp. 37-44.
  • Lindsay, W. M 1858-1937. The Latin Language; a historical account of Latin sounds, stems and flexions. London
  • Maunder E. W., (1909). The astronomy of the Bible, Hodder & Stoughton, London
  • Nyman, M. (1990). Hits and Misses: Lat. considerare and desiderare. Historische Sprachforschung/Historical Linguistics, 103(1), 51-68.
  • Pianigiani, O. (1907). Considerare. In F. L. Pullè (Ed.), Vocabolario Etimologco della Lingua Italiana. (vol. 1, p. 332.). Roma-Milano: Società Editrice Dante Alighieri.
  • Pârvulescu, A. (1980). Latin Considerare et Desiderare. Zeitschrift furvergleichende Sprachforschung. (94. Bd), 159-165.
  • Pokorny, J. (1959). su̯eid-I. In Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. (1st Ed. 1887, vol.3, p.1042). Bern: Francke.
  • Quintilian. (1920). Istitutio Oratoria. Cambridge: (B., H., Edgeworth trans.) Cambridge: Loeb Classica Library.
  • Rogers, J.H. (1998) Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol.108, no.1, p.9-28
  • Sidus. (1918). In M. Bréal &A. Bailly (Eds.). Dictionnaire Étymologique Latin. (p.346). Paris: Librairie Achette et C.
  • Varro (M. Terentius) 1938. On the latin Language. R.G. Kent (ed.), Books 5-7, Harvard Univeristy Press, Cambridge
  • Virgil. (2001). The Georgics Book I Agriculture and Weather. (A.S. Kein trans.) Retrieved from https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/VirgilGeorgicsI.php#anchor_Toc533589842
  • Wedgwood, H. (1872). Consider. In A Dictionary of English Etymology. London: Trubner & Co. 168-170.
  • Wood, F. A. (1912). Notes on Latin Etymologies. Classical Philology, 7, pp. 302-304.
  • Wharton, E. R. (1890). Etyma latina. London retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/EtymaLatina_805/page/n5/mode/2up
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri, kültürleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Ruggero D'angerio Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9043-1450

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 27

Kaynak Göster

APA D’angerio, R. (2022). Considerare and desiderare: An astronomic etymology. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(27), 745-756. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105602