Toni Morrison'ın Sevgili'sinde siyah kimliğin yeniden inşası

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 31, 1269 - 1280, 21.12.2022

Parastou Pourhassan

https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1222253

Öz

Bu makale, Morrison'ın Siyah halkın hareketine ilişkin özgürleşme sonrası perspektiflerini araştırıyor ve Beloved'da siyah kimliklerini oluşturmak için yetkilerini ve sahipliklerini yeniden kazanmalarına dayalı olarak kimliklerinin yapısökümünü ve yeniden inşasını araştırıyor. Bu insanların fiziksel ve duygusal olarak nasıl sömürüldüklerini göz önünde bulunduran Morrison, siyahların kurtuluşunun temel çözümünü siyahlığın geri kazanılması ve ıslahı yoluyla görüyor. Beloved'daki siyah ve beyaz insanlar arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için bu makale, Homi Bhabha ve Frantz Fanon'un melezlik, taklit ve müphemlik kavramlarını birleştirme çalışmalarına atıfta bulunmaktadır. Fanon'un siyah sorununu siyahlık gerçekleri ve Bhabha'nın melezlik ve direniş teorileri göz önünde bulundurarak, bu makale Morrison'ın Sevgilisinin izini sürmekte ve özgürleşmiş siyah kimliği nasıl ve nerede konumlandırdığını tartışmaktadır. Bebeğini öldüren siyahi bir köle kadının deneyimlerini yeniden şekillendiren yazar, siyahların baskıcı bir sistemin merkezinde özgürlük ve öz-otoriteye nasıl kavuştuğunu gözler önüne seriyor. Sonunda Morrison, siyah kimliğin kültürlerin melez olduğu sosyo-politik zemin üzerine inşa edildiği ve bu siyah insanların dirençli bireyler olarak yeniden yaratıldığı sonucuna varıyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black identity, identity reconstruction, black skin, self-authority, black ownership

Reconstruction of black identity in Toni Morrison's Beloved

Öz

This paper explores Morrison’s post-emancipation perspectives regarding the Black people’s movement and explores their identity deconstruction and reconstruction based on the reclamation of their authority and ownership to form their black identity in Beloved. Considering how these people were physically and emotionally exploited, Morrison sees the fundamental solution of black liberation through the recovery and reclamation of authentic blackness. To examine the relations between the black and white people in Beloved, this paper refers to the works of Homi Bhabha and Frantz Fanon to merge hybridity, mimicry, and ambivalence concepts. Considering Fanon’s black problem in the facts of blackness and Bhabha’s hybridity and resistance theories, this paper traces Morrison's Beloved and debates how and where she locates the liberated black identity. Reconfiguring the experiences of a black slave woman who murders her baby, the author unfolds how black people attain liberty and self-authority at the center of an oppressive system. Eventually, Morrison concludes that the black identity is constructed on the socio-political ground where cultures are hybrid, and these black people are recreated as resistant individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black identity, identity reconstruction, black skin, self-authority, black ownership

Kaynakça

• Allen, J. J. (2021). On White Theology… and Other Lies: Redemptive Communal Narrative in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Literature and Theology, 35(3), 285-308.
• Bamberger, K. B. (2020). Postcolonial Entanglement: How the Carnivalesque Links Toni Morrison and Chris Abani in Disruptive Dialogue.
• Bhabha, H. K. (2012). The location of culture. Routledge.
• Bouson, J. B. (2000). Quiet as it's kept: Shame, trauma, and race in the novels of Toni Morrison. SUNY Press.
• Clemons, W. (1987). A gravestone of memories. Newsweek, 28, 74-75.
• Durrant, S. (2012). Postcolonial narrative and the work of mourning: JM Coetzee, Wilson Harris, and Toni Morrison. SUNY Press.
• Duth, K. K., & Balakrishnan, K. (2017). Post-Colonial Perspective of Magic Realism in Beloved.
• Duvall, J. (2000). The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison. Macmillan.
• Edwards, T. R. (1987). Ghost Story. Critical Essays on Toni Morrison’s Beloved.
• Elliott, M. J. S. (2000). Postcolonial experience in a domestic context: Commodified subjectivity in Toni Morrison's Beloved. Melus, 181-202.
• Genovese, E. F. (2007). Unspeakable Things Unspoken: Ghost and Memories in Beloved. Toni Morrison’s Beloved. New Dehli: Viva Books Private Limited ISSN, 2278-4012.
• Fanon, F. (1952). Black skin, white masks. Lans Markmann, trans.
• Furman, J. (1996). Community and Cultural Identity. Toni Morrisons Fiction. Columbia, SC: U of South Carolina P, 49-66.
• Grewal, G. (2000). Circles of sorrow, lines of struggle: The novels of Toni Morrison. LSU Press.
• Henderson, M. G. (1991). Toni Morrison’s Beloved: Re-Membering the Body as Historical Text. Comparative American Identities: Race, Sex, and Nationality in the Modern Text. Ed. And Intro. Hortense J. Spillers. New York: Routledge.
• Jweid, A. N. A. A. (2021). The duality of magic and memory as the structure of narrative repetition in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Higher Education of Social Science, 20(2), 25-32.
• Kim, K. S. (2010). The location of black identity in Toni Morrison's fiction.
• McBride, D. A. (1997). Speaking the unspeakable: on Toni Morrison, African American intellectuals and the uses of essentialist rhetoric. Modern fiction studies, 39(3/4), 755-776.
• Morrison, T. (2007). Beloved. Vintage Classics.
• Pereira, M. W. (1997). Periodizing Toni Morrison's Work from The Bluest Eye to Jazz: The Importance of Tar Baby. Melus, 22(3), 71-82.
• Rushdy, A. H. (1992). Daughters Signifyin (g) History: The Example of Toni Morrison's Beloved. American Literature, 567-597.
• Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
• Wike, S. (2017). The Denial of Motherhood in Beloved and Crossing the River: A Postcolonial Literary Study of How the Institution of Slavery Has Restricted Motherhood for Centuries (Dissertation). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23447