Barbara Kingsolver’ın Flight Behaviour Romanında İklim Değişikliği ve İklim Değişikliği İletişimi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: Ö14, 1146 - 1162, 21.03.2024

Nesrin Yavaş

https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1454574

Cited By: 1

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin bugün ve gelecekte insan ve insan olmayan tüm yaşam biçimleri ve ekosistemler için oluşturduğu tehditler objektif bilimin gerçekleri ile ispatlanmış olsa da bilgi ve harekete geçme arasında hala büyük bir uçurum vardır. İklim değişikliği farkındalığı ve iletişimi bağlamında hikayelerin/kurgusal anlatıların önemi ve gerekliliği bugün özellikle Batılı akademi çevrelerinde üzerinde sıklıkla durulan ve tartışılan bir konudur. Bu bağlamda özellikle Anglofon yazınında 2000li yılların başından itibaren yükselişe geçen İngilizce iklim-kurgu edebiyatının da iklim değişikliğini anlatma/anlamlandırma ve farkındalık yaratmada etkin bir rolü olduğu/olabileceği tartışmaları da gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel argümanını Barbara Kingsolver’ın (2012) iklim-kurgu türünde yazılmış Flight Behaviour romanının hem iklim krizini farklı yönleriyle anlatma ve farkındalık oluşturma hem de iklim değişikliği iletişimi bağlamında salt bilim-temelli anlatılara kıyasla çok daha etkin bir rol üstlendiği tezi oluşturur. Başka bir deyişle, Flight Behaviour iklim bilimi gerçeklerini kurgusal bir hikaye ile aktarırken, iklim krizinin etik, kültürel, ekonomik, politik, dini bileşenlerini de gözler önüne serer. Bu nedenle Flight Behaviour salt objektif bilimin rakamlarla, verilerle, modellemelerle anlatmaya çalıştığı zamana ve mekana yayılmış, anlaması/anlamlandırması zor bir “hiper-nesne” yi kurgusal bir hikayenin tüm öğeleri ile-zaman, mekan, karakter, olay örgüsü- ve tüm yönleriyle anlatması, bilimin ve bilim insanının iklim krizi karşısındaki rollerini de sorgulaması açısından İngilizce iklim-kurgu/iklim edebiyatı türünün çarpıcı bir örneğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iklim değişikliği, iklim değişikliği iletişimi, iklim değişikliği farkındalığı, iklim bilimi, iklim kurgu

Kaynakça

• Archer, D., & Rahmstorf, S. (2010). The climate crisis: An introductory guide to climate change. Cambridge University Press.
• Andersen, G. (2014). Cli-fi: a short essay on its worlds and its importance. Dragonfly. https://dragonfly.eco/cli-fi-short-essay-worlds-importance/
• Bjorkman, T. (2019). The world we create. Perspectiva Press.
• Boykoff, M. T. (2011). Who speaks for the climates Making sense of media reporting on climate change. Cambridge University Press.
• Brock, T. C., Green, M. C., & Strange, J. J. (2002). Insights and research implications. Narrative impact: Social and cognitive implications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associate, 353-54.
• Bransford, J. D., Brown A., & Cocking R. (2000). How people learn. Geliştirilmiş basım. National Academy.
• Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press.
• Clark, T. (2012). Derangements of scale. Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change. Ed. Cohen, T. Open Humanities Press. 148-66.
• Coles, R. (1989). The call for stories: Teaching and the moral imagination. Houghton Mifflin.
• Corner, A., Shaw, C., & Clarke, J. (2018). Principles for effective communication and public engagement on climate change: A Handbook for IPCC authors. Climate Outreach.
• Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. (2020). İklim değişikliği ulusal iletişim stratejisi ve eylem planı”. https://www.iklimin.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/İklim-Değişikliği-Ulusal-İletişim-Stratejisi-ve-Planı.pdf
• Dahlstrom, M.F. (2014). Using narratives and storytelling to communicate science with non-expert audiences. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America. 11(4), 13614–13620. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1320645111
• Dessler, A. E., & Parson, E. A. (2010). Politics of global climate change: A guide to the debate. 2. Basım. Cambridge University Press.
• Donald, M. (1991). Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Harvard University Press.
• Eisenstein, C. (2013). The more beautiful world our hearts know is possible. North Atlantic Books.
• Elliott, A., Cullis, J., & Damodaran, V. (2017). Climate Change and the Humanities: Historical, Philosophical and Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Contemporary Environmental Crisis. (1. Basım). Palgrave Macmillan.
• Evancie, A. (2013, April 20). ‘So hot right now: Has climate change created a new literary genre? NPR. hhtps://www.npr.org/2013/04/20/176713022/so-hot-right-now-has-climate-change-created-a-new-literary-genre
• Figueres, C. & Carnac, T. (2020). The future we choose: Surviving the climate crisis. Alfred A. Knopf.
• Fisher, W. R. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy of reason, value and action. University of South Carolina Press.
• Ghosh, A. (2016). The great derangement: Climate change and the unthinkable. University of Chicago Press.
• Giannachi, G. 2012. Representing, performing and mitigating climate change in contemporary art practice. Leonardo. 45 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00278.
• Gottschall, J. (2013). The Storytelling human: How stories make us human. Mariner Books.
• Grundmann, R. (2016). Climate change as a wicked social problem. Nature geoscience. 9(8), 562–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2780
• Halperin, A., & Walton, P. (2018). The importance of place in communicating climate change to different facets of the American public. Weather, climate, and society. 10 (2). 291–305. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-16-0119.1
• Harris, Dylan M. (2020). Expanding climate science: Using science fiction’s worldbuilding to imagine a climate changed southwestern US. Literary geographies 6(1). 59-76.
• Hoffman, A. J. (2012). Climate science as culture war. Stanford social innovation review. 10(4). 30–37. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2944200.
• Hulme, M. (2016). Climate change: Varieties of religious engagement.Routledge Handbook on religion and ecology. Eds. W. J. Jenkins, M. E. Tucker and J. Grim. Routledge. 239–48.
• Hulme, M. (2017). Climate change and the significance of religion. Economic and Political Weekly. 52(28). 14-17. http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/28/commentary/climate-change-and-signifi-cance-religion.htm
• IPCC. (2023). Sections. Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Ed.Core Writing Team, H. Lee & J. Romero. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. 35-115, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-978929169164
• Jiazhe, S., Kaizhong, Y. (2016) The wicked problem of climate change: A new approach based on social mess and fragmentation. Sustainability, 8(12). 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121312
• Johns-Putra, A. (2015, November 26). Cli-fi novels humanize the science of climate change – and leading authors are getting in on the act.’The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/cli-fi-novels-humanise-the-science-of-climate-change-and-leading-authors-are-getting-in-on-the-act-51270
• Kahan, D., vd. 2012. “The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks”, Nature: climate change, 2, 732–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1547
• Kahan, D. (2010). Fixing the communications failure. Nature. 463. 296-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/463296a
• Kingsolver, B. (2012). Flight behaviour. Faber and Faber.
• Klein, N. (2020). On fire: The burning case for a green new deal. Penguin Books.
• Landriault, M. (2020). Media, security and sovereignty in the Canadian Arctic. Routledge.
• Laszlo, J. (2008). The science of stories: An introduction to narrative psychology. Routledge.
• Leitch, A. (2022). Participatory science communication needs to consider power, place, pain and ‘poisson’: A practitioner insight. Journal of science communication. 21 (2). https://doi.org/10.22323/2.21020801
• Lorenzoni, I., & Pidgeon, N. F.( 2006). Public views on climate change: European and USA perspectives. Climatic change. 77 ,73-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9072-z
• Mehnert, A. (2016). Climate change fictions: Representations of global warming in American Literature, 1. Basım. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Milkoreit, M. (2016). The promise of climate fiction: Imagination, storytelling, and the politics of the future. Reimagining climate change. 1. Basım. Ed. Paul Wapner & Hilal Elver. Routledge. 171–91.
• Montgomery, S. (2003). The Chicago guide to communicating science. University of Chicago Press.
• Morris, B. S., vd. (2019). Stories vs. facts: Triggering emotion and action-taking on climate change. Climatic change. 154(2), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02425-6
• Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy and ecology after the end of the world. University of Minnesota Press.
• Moser, S. C., & Dilling, L. (2011). Communicating climate change: closing the science-action gap. The Oxford handbook of climate change and society. Ed. J. S. Dryzek, R. B. Norgaard, & D. Schlosberg. Oxford University Press. 161-74.
• Nelson, K. (2003). Narrative and the emergence of a consciousness of self. Narrative and consciousness: Literature, psychology and the brain. Ed. Gary D. Fireman, Ted E. McVay & Owen J. Flanagan. Oxford University Press. 17- 36.
• Nerlich, B. (2014, July 27). Climate fiction: The anticipation and exploration of plausible futures. University of Nottingham blogs. Making Science Public. hhtps://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/makingsciencepublic/2014/07/27/climate-fiction-the-anticipation-and-exploration-of-plausible-futures/
• Nicolosi, E., Corbett, J. B. (2018). Engagement with climate Change and the environment: A review of the role of relationships to place. Local Environment. 23(1). 77-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2017.1385002
• Nisbet, M. C., & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). What's next for science communication? Promising directions and lingering distractions. American journal of botany. 96(10). 1767-78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27733515
• Nixon, R. (2013). Slow violence and the environmentalism of the poor. Harvard University Press.
• Pidgeon, N. F., & Fischhoff, B. (2011). The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks. Nature climate change. 1, 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1080
• Pinker, S. (2003). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. Penguin.
• Plotkin, H. C. (1982). Learning, development, and culture: Essays in evolutionary epistemology. Wiley.
• Pope Francis. (2015). Laudato Si’ [On Care for Our Common Home] [Encyclical letter]. http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html
• Schank, R. C., & Berman, T. R. (2002). The pervasive role of stories in knowledge and action. Narrative impact: Social and cognitive implications. Ed. M. C. Green, J. J. Strange & T.C. Brock. Psychology Press, 287-313.
• Schuldt, J. P. vd. (2017).Brief exposure to Pope Francis heightens moral beliefs about climate change. Climatic change,. 141(2), 167-77. DOI:10.1007/s10584-016-1893-9
• Siperstein, S. (2016). Climate Change in Literature and Culture: Conversion, Speculation, Education. Unpublished Dissertation Thesis. University of Oregon. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20450
• Taylor, B. M. (1982). Text structure and children's comprehension and memory for expository material. Journal of educational psychology, 74(3), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.74.3.323
• Thorndyke, P. W. (1977). Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse. Cognitive psychology, 9(1), 77–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(77)90005-6
• Trexler, A. (2015). Anthropocene fictions: The novel in a time of climate change. University of Virginia Press.
• Van Der Leeuw, S. (2019). The role of narratives in human-environmental relations: An essay on elaborating win-win solutions to climate change and sustainability. Climatic change. 160(4). 509–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02403-y
• Walsch, Bryan. (2012, Novemner 8). Barbara Kingsolver: Barbara Kingsolver on Flight Behaviour and why climate change is part of her story. Time. hhtps://entertainment.time.com/2012/11/08/barbara-kingsolver-on-flight-behavior-climate-change-and-the-end-of-doubt/
• White, H. (2004). The value of narrativity in the representation of reality. Narrative theory: Critical concepts in literary and cultural studies. Vol.4. Ed. Mieke Bal. Routledge. 58-80.
• Wibeck, V. (2014). Enhancing learning, communication and public engagement about climate change – Some lessons from recent literature. Environmental education research. 20 (3), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2013.812720
• Wolf, J., & Moser, S. C. (2011). Individual understandings, perceptions, and engagement with climate change: Insights from in-depth studies across the world. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: Climate change. 2(4), 547–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.120
• Yusoff, K. & Gabrys, J. (2011). Climate change and the imagination. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: Climate change. 2(4). 516–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.117