Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with international standards, including the ICMJE, WAME, and COPE guidelines, to ensure high scientific publishing quality.

Authors should comply with the following principles:

1. Submitted manuscripts must not have been published previously or be under consideration elsewhere.
2. ORCID iD is mandatory for all authors at submission.
3. Written permission must be obtained for any previously published tables, figures, or images, and this must be stated in the manuscript. Legal responsibility rests with the authors.
4. Studies previously presented at scientific meetings or congresses are acceptable if clearly stated in Cover Letter
5. Sample size calculation, sampling method, and statistical analyses must be described under the Statistical Analysis subsection at the end of the Materials and Methods section.
6. Manuscripts that do not comply with the Journal Writing Rules will not be included in the peer-review process.
7. All submissions are screened for similarity and plagiarism.
8. Abstracts must be provided in both languages (Turkish and English) and be fully consistent.
   o Research articles: structured as Aim, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusion, minimum 200-maximum 250 words per language.
   o Case reports: unstructured, 100-150 words per language.
   o Keywords must be included at the end of the abstract.

Files Required for Manuscript Submission
The following files must be uploaded to the system during manuscript submission:

1. Copyright Transfer Form
   The journal’s official Copyright Transfer Form, completed and signed by all authors. It can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.
2. Ethics Committee Approval Form
   A copy of the Ethics Committee approval document, if applicable.
3. Plagiarism Report
   A similarity report generated using appropriate plagiarism detection software. Manuscript with a similarity rate of more than 20% will be accepted as plagiarism and rejected
4. Cover Letter
   The cover letter should briefly describe the purpose, originality, and scientific contribution of the study.
   Authors must confirm that the manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration elsewhere.
   Any conflicts of interest and ethical approvals (if applicable) should be declared.
   The corresponding author’s name and contact information must be clearly stated. Authors must state whether the manuscript has been previously presented at a scientific meeting and, if applicable, provide the name, date, and location of the meeting.
5. Title Page
   The title page must include:
   o Full title of the article in English and Turkish
   o Short running title
   o Full names and ORCID® IDs of all authors
   o Full postal addresses of all authors
   o E-mail address of the corresponding author
   The title page template can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.
6. Manuscript Text File
   To ensure a double-blind peer review, the main manuscript file must not contain any identifying information.
   *Author names, affiliations, addresses, e-mail information, and other identifiers must be excluded*.
   The manuscript text template can be downloaded from the system by clicking here.

THE TYPES OF THE ARTICLES

As of January 1, 2026, the official language of Value in Health Sciences has been changed to English. All manuscripts submitted from this date onward must be written in English.

• The language of the journal is English.
• The manuscripts to be submitted to the journals should be in the following categories and should be prepared in the specified structures.
• Manuscripts that do not comply with the Journal Writing Rules are not included in the "Peer Review Process"
• Manuscript Formatting 
  Font: Times New Roman.
  Title: Bold, 12-point font size.
  Abstract: 9-point font size.
  Main Headings (e.g., INTRODUCTION, MATERIAL AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION): Bold, 10-point font size, all capital letters.
  Subheadings: Italic, 10-point font size, title case (capitalize the first letter of each major word).
  Body Text: 10-point font size.
  Spacing: Single-spaced, with 0 pt spacing before and after headings and paragraphs.

A) Original Research Article
Authors are required to download the English manuscript template (Click Here) and prepare their submission in Microsoft Word using this file. The template provides the required formatting and style guidelines for all manuscript components, including tables and figures.
    • Abstract (the structured abstract contains the following sections: Aim, Material and Methods, Results, Conclusion; Keywords; average 200-250 words; English and Turkish).
    • Introduction
    • Material and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Declarations (Acknowledgements, Author Contributions, Conflict of Interest, Supporting Institutions/Funding, Ethical Approval, Plagiarism Statement, Use of AI Tools)
    • References
B) Review Article
Review articles may be submitted voluntarily or upon invitation. Reviews should comprehensively address current topics in medicine and be based on the most recent literature. Preference is given to authors who have previously published studies in the relevant field.
Content:
    • Abstract (150–200 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings covering related subtopics
    • References (maximum 40)
C) Case Report
Case reports present brief descriptions of previously unreported disease processes, novel manifestations or treatments of known diseases, or unique complications related to therapeutic interventions. An adequate number of photographs and figures should be included.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Introduction
    • Case Report
    • Discussion
    • References
D) Editorial Commentary / Discussion
Editorial commentaries provide expert evaluation of original research articles and are written by specialists in the field other than the authors of the original study. These are published at the end of the related article.
E) Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor include readers’ opinions, comments, questions, or brief observations related to articles published in the journal within the past year. Letters should not exceed 500 words.
Content:
    • No title or abstract
    • Maximum of 5 references
    • A note identifying the related article (including issue number and publication date)
    • Author name(s), affiliation(s), and address(es) provided at the end
Responses to letters are written by the editor or the original author(s) and are published in the journal.
F) Scientific Letter
Scientific letters discuss general medical topics and present viewpoints supported by references to published scientific literature.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings related to the topic
    • References
G) Surgical Technique
These articles describe and explain specific surgical techniques in detail.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Surgical Technique
    • References
H) Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis articles are case-based reports of topical clinical importance and include expert commentary comparing similar diseases.
Content:
    • Abstract (100–150 words, English and Turkish)
    • Headings related to the subject
    • References (3–5)
İ) Original Images
Original Images consist of self-explanatory figures or photographs illustrating rare or noteworthy conditions in the medical literature.
Content:
    • Text (up to 300 words)
    • Original images
    • References
J) What Is Your Diagnosis?
These articles focus on rare diseases and highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. They are structured in a question-and-answer format.
Content:
    • Headings related to the subject
    • References (3–5)
K) Medical Book Reviews
Critical reviews and evaluations of recently published national or international medical books.
L) Questions and Answers
Educational articles presenting scientifically grounded questions and answers on medical topics.
TABLES
Tables must be prepared as editable text (e.g., Microsoft Word tables) and inserted into the manuscript at the appropriate position close to where they are first cited in the text. Tables should not be submitted as images.
Each table must be cited in the text and numbered consecutively in the order of their first appearance (Table 1, Table 2, etc.). A concise and descriptive table title should be provided above each table. Any explanatory notes, abbreviations, or statistical information should be placed below the table as footnotes.
Vertical lines, excessive formatting, and cell shading should be avoided. Tables should be used sparingly and should not duplicate data already presented in the text or figures.
FIGURES
Figures (including photographs, graphs, diagrams, and other artwork) must be embedded in the manuscript at the appropriate location within the text, immediately after they are first mentioned. In addition, original figure files must be uploaded separately during submission.
All figures should be cited in the text and numbered consecutively according to their order of appearance (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). Each figure must be accompanied by a clear and informative caption placed below the figure. Figure captions should explain all symbols, arrows, and abbreviations used in the figure.
Figures must be of high resolution and prepared in acceptable formats (TIFF, JPG, PNG, EPS, or PDF). The use of low-resolution images optimized for screen display is not permitted.
REFERENCES
The Vancouver style must be used for both in-text citations and the reference list. References should be numbered consecutively according to the order of their first appearance in the text and indicated in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
General Citation Rules
    • Vancouver style must be used for in-text citations and reference list.
    • References are numbered consecutively according to first appearance.
    • Citation numbers appear in parentheses: (1), (2–5), (3,7,9).
    • Author names are written as Surname Initials (no periods).
    • Up to 6 authors: list all.
    • Seven or more authors: list first six followed by et al.
    • DOI is preferred over URL when available.
Author Listing Rule (applies to all reference types)
    • Up to six authors: list all authors.
    • Seven or more authors: list the first six authors followed by et al.
Reference List: General Rules
    • The reference list appears at the end of the manuscript and includes only sources cited in the text.
    • References are listed numerically in the same order as they appear in the text.
    • Author names are written as surname followed by initials, without periods or spaces between initials (e.g., Smith CK).
    • Use commas to separate author names; do not use “and” or “&”.
    • Titles are written in sentence case (capitalize only the first word and proper nouns).
    • Titles should not be italicized or underlined.
    • If available, DOI must be provided and is preferred over URLs.
    • Personal communications and unpublished data should not be included in the reference list.
    • Reference management software (e.g., EndNote®) may be used, but references must be submitted as plain text.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year; volume(issue): page range. doi:xxxxx.
Examples:
1. Schreijenberg M, Koes BW, Lin CC. Guideline recommendations on the pharmacological management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: is there a need to change? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2019;12(2):145–157. doi:10.1080/17512433.2019.1565992.
2. Stevens ML, Boyle E, Hartvigsen J, Mansell G, Sogaard K, Jorgensen MB, et al. Mechanisms for reducing low back pain: a mediation analysis of a multifaceted intervention in workers in elderly care. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2019;92(1):49–58. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1350-3.
Journal articles with no author listed
When a work is published without an author's name, do not list the author as " Anonymous." Instead, skip the author element and begin the entry with the work's title.
Format: Citation No. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page range. doi if available.
Examples:
    1. New accreditation product approved for systems under the ambulatory and home care programs. Jt Comm Perspect. 2005;25(5):8.
    2. Giving birth: upright positions shorten first stage labour. MIDRS Mid Dig. 2009; 16:233.
Online journal articles without a DOI
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Name Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title[Internet]. Year [cited Year Month Day];volume(issue):page range. Available from: URL
    1. Kemble R. The intolerable taboo of mental illness. Social Alt [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 Jun 27];33:20-3. Available from: https://socialalternatives.com/sites/default/files/pdf/issue/free/vol_33_3_small.pdf
    2. Maddison S. Private men, public anger: the men's rights movement in Australia. Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies[Internet]. 1999 [cited 2019 Jun 4];4(2):39-51. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1048435
Print journal articles
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Name, Initials. Article title: subtitle. Abbreviated Journal Title. Year;volume(issue):page range.
Examples:
    1. Tong MJ, Strickland GT, Votteri BA, Gunning JJ. Supplemental folates in the therapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. JAMA.1970;214(13):2330-3.
    2. Zadro JR, Shirley D, Ferreira M, Carvalho Silva AP, Lamb SE, Cooper C, et al. Is vitamin D supplementation effective for low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician. 2018;21(2):121-45.
Magazine articles
Magazine articles are cited in the same way as journal articles. However, for magazines not published with volume and issue numbers
    • Include the year, month, and day of publication in that order, e.g. 2004 Jul 5
    • Abbreviate the months using their first three letters.
Newspaper and newsletter articles
Format: Citation No. Author's Last Names, Initials. Article title: subtitle. Newspaper Title. Year Month Day;volume(issue):page range.
Examples:
    1. Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate. Washington Post. 2002:Aug 12;Sect A:2(col 4).
    2. Pelvic floor exercise can reduce stress incontinence. Health News. 2005 Apr;11(4):11.
BOOKS
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Examples:
    1. Janke T. True tracks: respecting Indigenous knowledge and culture. Sydney: NewSouth Publishing; 2021.
    2. Johnson WH, Moller JH. Pediatric cardiology: the essential pocket guide. 3rd ed. Chichester (UK): John Wiley; 2014.
    3. Smith DR, Jones AB, Wells ERE, Webster F, Booth SD, Junction KL, et al. Mental health and professional education. New York: McGee; 2009.
eBooks with DOI
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. doi:xxxxx.
Example:
    1. Risjord M. Nursing knowledge: science, practice, and philosophy [Internet]. Chichester (UK): Wiley; 2010 [cited 2019 Jul 4]. doi:10.1002/9781444315516.
eBooks without DOI
Format: Citation No. Author’s Last Name Initials. Book title: subtitle [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL.
Example:
    1. Dudgeon P, Milroy H, Walker R, editors. Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice [Internet]. 2nd ed. Barton (ACT): Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet; 2014 [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available     from https://www.thekids.org.au/globalassets/media/documents/aboriginal-health/working-together-second-edition/working-together-aboriginal-and-wellbeing-2014.pdf
BOOK CHAPTERS
Format: Citation No. Chapter Author’s Last Name Initials. Chapter title: subtitle. In: Editor’s Last Name Initials, editor(s). Book title: subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. xx–xx.
Example:
    1. Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 465–78.
    2. Pryor JA, Prasad SA, Bethune D, Chatwin M, Enright S, Osman LP, et al. Physiotherapy techniques. In: Pryor JA, Prasad SA, editors. Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac problems: adults and paediatrics. 4th ed. Edinburgh (UK): Churchill Livingstone; 2008. p. 134–217.
WEBSITES AND WEBPAGES
Standalone Websites
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Website title [Internet]. Place: Publisher; Year [cited Year Month Day]. Available from: URL.
Example:
    1. University of Newcastle, Australia [Internet]. Callaghan (NSW): The University; 2020 [cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.newcastle.edu.au
    2. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Our international role [Internet]. Canberra: AIHW; 2023 Nov 8 [cited 2024 May 3]. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/our-services/international-collaboration
Webpages within a Website
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Website title [Internet]. Place: Publisher; Year. Page title; [cited Year Month Day]; [extent]. Available from: URL.
Example:
    1. Profiles in Science [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 1998 - . Visual Culture and Health Posters; [cited 2024 May 4]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/vc
RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL REPORTS
Format: Citation No. Author/Organization. Report title [Internet]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Pages. Report No. Available from: URL.
Example:
    1. United Nations. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015 [Internet]. New York: UN; 2015. 75 p. Available from: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
    2. National High Blood Pressure Education Program (US). The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Rev. ed. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); 2005. 48 p. (NIH publication; no. 05-5267).
    3. Barker B, Degenhardt L. Accidental drug-induced deaths in Australia 1997-2001. Sydney: University of New South Wales, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre; 2003. 46 p.
CONFERENCE PAPERS
Unpublished Papers or Posters
Format: Citation No. Author. Paper title. Paper/Poster presented at: Conference name; Date; Location.
Examples:
    1. Patrias K. Computer-compatible writing and editing. Paper presented at: Interacting with the digital environment: modern scientific publishing; 2003 May 3–6; Pittsburgh, PA.
    2. Rao RM, Lord GM, Choe H, Lichtman AH, Luscinskas FW, Glimcher LH. The transcription T-bet is required for optimal proinflammatory trafficking of CD4+ T cells. Poster session presented at: 25th European Workshop for Rheumatology Research; 2005 Feb 24–27; Glasgow, UK.
Published Conference Papers
Format: Citation No. Author. Paper title. In: Editor’s Last Name Initials, editors. Proceedings title; Date; Location. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. xx–xx.
Examples:
    1. Anderson JC. Current status of chorion villus biopsy. In: Tudenhope D, Chenoweth J, editors. Proceedings of the 4th Congress of the Australian Perinatal Society; 1986; Brisbane, Queensland. Brisbane: Australian Perinatal Society; 1987. p. 190–6.
    2. Rice AS, Farquhar-Smith WP, Bridges D, Brooks JW. Cannabinoids and pain. In: Dostorovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg M, editors. Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Pain; 2002 Aug 17–22; San Diego, CA. Seattle (WA): IASP Press; 2003. p. 437–68.
THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
References to theses and dissertations should follow the Vancouver style. The format depends on whether the thesis is online or in print.
Online Theses and Dissertations
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis on the Internet]. Campus Location: University; Year [cited date]. Page count. Available from: URL.
Example:
    1. Rutting S. Dietary fatty acids and innate immune responses in primary human lung cells [dissertation on the Internet]. Callaghan (NSW): University of Newcastle; 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 8]. 195 p. Available from:
Print Theses and Dissertations
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis]. Campus Location: University; Year. Page count.
Examples:
    1. Weisbaum LD. Human sexuality of children and adolescents: a comprehensive training guide for social work professionals [master's thesis]. Long Beach (CA): California State University, Long Beach; 2005. 101 p.
    2. Baldwin KB. An exploratory method of data retrieval from the electronic medical record for the evaluation of quality in healthcare [dissertation]. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2004. 116 p.
Parts of Theses and Dissertations
When citing a specific part (chapter, table, figure, appendix), cite the thesis as a whole followed by details of the part.
Format: Citation No. Author. Title: subtitle [type of thesis]. Campus Location: University; Year. Part No, Part title; page range.
Examples:
    1. Christensen PM. Infant nutrition and child health on Tarawa, Kiribati: a nutritional anthropological approach [master's thesis]. Sydney: University of New South Wales, Centre for South Pacific Studies; 1995. Chapter 3.1, Breastfeeding practices on Tarawa; p. 46–53.
    2. Kneale C. Health claims: an exploration of the current debate in Australia [master's thesis]. Sydney: University of Sydney, Nutrition Research Foundation; 1996. Appendix 4, Health claims questionnaire; p. 49.
PLAGIARISM POLICY
Plagiarism is defined as the use of others’ published or unpublished ideas, data, words, or other intellectual property without appropriate acknowledgment or permission, and presenting them as original work. Self-plagiarism refers to the reuse of substantial parts of an author’s previously published work without proper citation (https://wame.org/recommendations-on-publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals).
Manuscripts in which plagiarism and/or self-plagiarism is detected during the editorial evaluation process will not be considered for publication in Value in Health Sciences. Authors are required to upload a similarity report generated using recognized plagiarism detection software (e.g., iThenticate, Turnitin) during manuscript submission.
Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 20% (excluding references) will be considered plagiarized and will be rejected.
There are no article submission or processing charges for this journal.
SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITY
All authors listed on the manuscript must have made a direct academic and scientific contribution to the study.
The corresponding author assumes full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the manuscript on behalf of all co-authors.
ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
For all studies involving human participants, compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki is required. Authors must state in the Materials and Methods section that the study was conducted in accordance with these principles. In addition, written informed consent must be obtained from participants, and approval from the relevant institutional ethics committee must be documented.
For studies involving animal experiments, authors must declare in the Materials and Methods section that the study was approved by an institutional animal ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
In case reports, written informed consent must be obtained from patients, regardless of whether personal identifying information is disclosed.
If the study received direct or indirect financial support, this relationship must be clearly stated in the Declarations section. If no financial support was received, this should be explicitly declared.
When Ethics Committee Approval is required, authors must provide written approval details (committee name, date, and approval number) in the Materials and Methods section. Statements such as “oral ethical approval was obtained” are not acceptable.
All manuscripts must include a statement confirming compliance with Research and Publication Ethics.
PUBLICATION AND COPYRIGHT
All publication and copyright rights of manuscripts accepted for publication belong to the journal. The opinions, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the manuscripts are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Authors are required to complete and submit the Copyright Transfer Form for each manuscript at the time of submission.