COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Dünyada Onkolojide Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: S1, 99 - 105, 15.05.2020

Rejin Kebudi

Öz

Kanser tedavisi (kemoterapi, radyoterapi, kök hücre nakli, immünoterapi vd) gören veya yakın zamanda tedavisi bitmiş olan gerek erişkin, gerek çocuk hastalar bağışıklık sistemleri baskılandığından enfeksiyona duyarlıdırlar. Kanser tedavisi gören hastalar ve kanser geçirmiş olan kişiler COVID-19 pandemisinde riskli bir grubu oluşturmaktadırlar. Hastalığın ilk görüldüğü Çin'de ve diğer ülkelerde kanser hastalarında, genel populasyona oranla COVID-19 infeksiyonunun insidans ve prevalansının daha yüksek olduğu, komorbiditelerin olmasının da riski artırdığı bildirilmektedir. Çocukların erişkinlere oranla daha düşük riskte oldukları bildirilmektedir. Kanser hastalarının tanı, tedavi ve takibinde görev alan onkologlar ve idarecilerin hastaların tanı ve tedavilerinin devamını sağlarken, infeksiyona maruz kalmalarını önlemeleri önemlidir. Bu nedenle hastalar, onlara bakım veren yakınları ve sağlık çalışanları başta el yıkama ve cerrahi maske takmak olmak üzere gerekli kişisel korunma önlemlerine azami ölçüde dikkat etmelidir. Kanser hastalarıyla uğraşan hekim ve sağlık personelinin, COVID enfeksiyonu servislerinde çalıştırılmaması önerilir. Kanser hastalarının takip ve tedavi süreçlerinde COVID-19 enfeksiyonundan korunmada Sağlık Bakanlığının önerileri, ulusal ve uluslararası kılavuzlar güncel olarak takip edilmeli, bu önerilere göre hareket edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, SARs-CoV2, kanser, çocuk kanserleri, onkoloji

COVID-19 Pandemia: Global Consequences for Oncology

Öz

People with cancer and cancer survivors, particularly those with compromised immune systems, are prone to infections and are at high risk for the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The incidence and prevalence of the COVID-19 infection in cancer patients are higher than the general population according to data reported from China, where COVID-19 was first identified and other countries. Based on available evidence, children seem to be at a lower risk for COVID-19 than adults. Oncology specialists and other providers involved in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with cancer must consider how to balance delay in cancer diagnosis or treatment against the risk for potential COVID-19 exposure. Patients, caregivers and hospital staff members should be keen on hand washing, correct use of masks. Healthcare workers should use the appropriate personal protective equipment. Physicians and nurses dedicated to Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Units shall not attend any COVID-19 patients or services. Guidelines provided by the Ministy of Health and international guidelines should be followed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, SARs-CoV2, cancer, pediatric cancer, childhood cancer, oncology

Kaynakça

• 1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. [online]. Website https:// www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019 [02/05/ 2020]
• 2. Stoecklin BS, Rolland P, Silue Y, Mailles A, Campese C et al. Investigation Team. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations, and control measures, January 2020. Eurosurveillance 2020;25(6):2000094.
• 3. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Korona Tablosu https:// covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (02/05/ 2020)
• 4. American Society of Clinical Oncology COVID-19 Resources https://www.asco.org/ asco-coronavirus-information (02/05/2020)
• 5. Bouffet E, Challinor J, Sullivan M, Biondi A, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Pritchard-Jones K. Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2020 Apr 2:e28327. doi: 10.1002/pbc.28327. [Epub ahead of print].
• 6. Michael Sullivan, Eric Bouffet, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallindo, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Muhammad Saghir Khan, Pam Kearns, Doug Hawkins, Julia Challinor, Lisa Morrissey, Jorg Fuchs, Karen Marcus, Adriana Balduzzi, Luisa Bassett, Miguela Caniza, Justin N Baker, Laila Hessissen, Rejin Kebudi, Richard Sullivan, Kathy Pritchard-Jones. The COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A Rapid Global response for Children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP-E, SIOP-PODC, IPSO, PROS, St Jude Global and the WHO. , Pediatric Blood and Cancer, 2020 (in press) https://doi. org/10.22541/au.158777298.87289192/v2
• 7. Jazieh AR, Alenazi TH, Alhejazi A Al Safi F, Al Olayan A. Outcome of Oncology Patients Infected With Coronavirus. JCO Global Oncol 6: 471-475.
• 8. Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(3):335-337.
• 9. Desai A, Sachdeva S, Parekh T, Desai R. COVID-19 and Cancer: Lessons from a pooled analysis. JCO Global Oncology 2020;557-559. https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.20.00097.
• 10. Dai M, Liu D, Liu M, Zhou F, Li G, Chen Z. Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: a multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak.Cancer Discovery . Published Online first on April 28, 2020; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0422.
• 11. Miyashita H, Mikami T, Chopra N, Yamada T, Chernyavsky S, Rizk D, Cruz C, Do Patients with Cancer Have a Poorer Prognosis of COVID-19? An Experience in New York City., Annals of Oncology (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annonc.2020.04.006.
• 12. Hasan Tezer, Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children Turk J Med Sci (2020);50:592-603. TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/sag-2004-174
• 13. Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China. Pediatrics 2020. doi: 10.1542/peds.20200702.
• 14. Ogimi C, Greninger AL, Waghmare AA, et al. Prolonged Shedding of Human Coronavirus in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Risk Factors and Viral Genome Evolution. J Infect Dis. 2017;216(2):203-209.
• 15. Xu Y, Li X, Zhu B, et al. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. Nat Med. 2020;26(4):502-505.
• 16. Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature. 2020.
• 17. Hrusak O, Kalina T, Wolf J, et al. Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment. European Journal of Cancer. 2020;132:11-16.
• 18. Sun D, Li H, Lu X-X, et al. Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study. World J Pediatr 2020 [Epub ahead of print].
• 19. Lazzerini M, Barbi E, Apicella A, Marchetti F, Cardinale F, Trobia G. Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020. 20. Kebudi R. Pediatric oncology in Turkey. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology. 2012;34:S12-S14.
• 21. Kutluk MT, Yesilipek A. Pediatric cancer registry Turkey: 2009-2016 (TPOG & TPHD). In: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2017.
• 22. Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) COVID-19 testing resources https://www. idsociety.org/news--publications-new/ articles/2020/idsa-statement-on-covid-19testing-recommendations/).
• 23. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or persons under investigation for COVID-19 in healthcare setting. Centers for Disease Control; 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations. html (02/05/ 2020)
• 24. Türk Pediatrik Onkoloji Grubu Derneği kanserli çocuklarda COVID-19 şüphesi yönetimi http:// www.tpog.org.tr/kanserli-cocuklarda-COVID19-suphesi-yonetimi (02/05/2020)
• 25. Hatipoğlu N. The “new” problem of humanity: New coronavirus (2019-nCoV / COVID-19) disease. Med J Bakirkoy 2020;16(1):1-8.
• 26. Chen ZM, Fu JF, Shu Q, et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World J Pediatr. 2020.
• 27. World Health Organisation. Maintaining a safe and adequate blood supply during the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) WHO Interim guidance, March 2020. 2020; https://www.who.int/publications-detail/ maintaining-a-safe-and-adequateblood-supplyduring-the-pandemic-outbreak-of-coronavirusdisease-(covid-19). Accessed April 18, 2020.
• 28. Schiffer CA, Bohlke K, Delaney M, et al. Platelet Transfusion for Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(3):283-299.