Psychosocial Risks in Working Life and the Problems Caused by These Risks

Abstract

The International Labor Organization defined psychosocial risk factors in 1986 in terms of interactions between the content, organization and management of work and the abilities and needs of the worker. Issues such as work stress, burnout, decreased job satisfaction, violence and harassment in the workplace, in relation to psychosocial risks, pose major problems for occupational health and safety and public health. Because it is difficult to detect psychosocial risks, many psychosocial risks are considered normal in the course of working life for employees and are not considered as a risk. In this context, it is not possible to make an effort to eliminate the risks. For this reason, the aim of eliminating psychosocial risks, as in other workplace hazards, is to identify psychosocial hazards and risks within teamwork and take proactive measures in this context to reduce the occurrence of work accidents and occupational diseases, reduce burnout and increase job satisfaction.

Keywords

• Employee health
• Occupational health and safety
• Psychosocial factors

ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA PSİKOSOSYAL RİSKLER VE BU RİSKLERİN YOL AÇTIĞI SORUNLAR

Öz

Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü, 1986 yılında psikososyal risk faktörlerini, işin içeriği, organizasyonu ve yönetimi ile çalışanın yetenekleri ve ihtiyaçları arasındaki etkileşimler açısından tanımlamıştır. İş stresi, tükenmişlik, iş doyumunun azalması, iş yerinde şiddet ve taciz gibi konuların psikososyal risklerle ilişkili olarak iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ve halk sağlığı için büyük problem oluşturmaktadır. Psikososyal risklerin tespit edilmesinin zor olmasından kaynaklı pek çok psikososyal risk, çalışanlar açısından çalışma yaşamının seyri içerisinde normal kabul edilmekte ve bir risk olarak değerlendirilmemektedir. Bu bağlamda da risklerin ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik bir çabanın gösterilmesi mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle psikososyal risklerin ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik, diğer işyeri tehlikelerinde olduğu gibi, psikososyal tehlikelerin ve risklerin ekip çalışması içinde belirlenmesi ve bu kapsamda proaktif önlemler alınarak iş kazası, meslek hastalığı oluşumunu azaltmak, tükenmişliği azaltmak iş doyumunu artırmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çalışan sağlığı
• İş sağlığı ve güvenliği
• Psikososyal faktörler.

Kaynakça

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