Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Oral and Dental Health

Öz

Introduction: The aim of this study is to emphasize sociocultural factors affecting oral and dental health behaviors and determinants and cultural perspectives of these behaviors. While evaluating health inequalities, it is important that to have cultural competence as much as communication between healthcare service providers and individuals. Professional organizations and academic units should consider sociocultural differences during delivery of healthcare and training of healthcare personnel. Materials and method: Researches were sought by using the National Library of Medicine electronic database. Data analysis was started in February 2018. The research covering the past decade between December 2007- January 2018 was scanned by using the words "cultural, oral, health, behavior". 25 studies have been examined in accordance with the criteria. Conference papers, book abstracts, researches that are not related to oral and dental health or related behaviors, do not contain social and / or cultural factors, are of methodological type, and inaccessible, were not included. The findings were examined under five titles: 1. communication-related barriers; 2. financial barriers; 3. cultural perceptions, beliefs, social popularity and acceptance towards aesthetics; 4. gender and education and 5. awareness of preventive and curative services. Results: It was seen that when predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors and cultural competence were not considered and sociocultural differences were not understood and accepted, communication between healthcare providers and patients was disrupted. Conclusion: Research shows that there is relationship between communication; socio- economic situation; cultural perception and beliefs, gender, education level, awareness and acceptance of preventive and curative oral and dental health practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oral Health
• Social Values
• Culture
• Public Health

AĞIZ DİŞ SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Giriş: Bu araştırmada ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışların belirleyicileri, bu davranışlarla ilişkili olan sosyokültürel etkenler ve çok kültürlü bakış açısının vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Sağlıkta eşitsizlikler değerlendirilirken hizmet sunucular ile bireyler arasındaki iletişim kadar, sağlık çalışanlarının kültürel yetkinliğe sahip olması da önemlidir. Profesyonel kuruluşlar ve akademik birimler sağlık hizmetinin sunumunda ve sağlık personelinin eğitiminde sosyal ve kültürel farklılıkları dikkate almalıdırlar. Gereç ve Yöntem: National Library of Medicine elektronik veri tabanı kullanılarak ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışları etkileyen sosyokültürel etkenleri konu alan araştırmalar aranmıştır. Verilerin analizine 2018 Şubat ayında başlanmış, 2007 Aralık-2018 Ocak ayları arasındaki geçmiş on yılı kapsayan araştırmalar “cultural, oral, health, behavior” sözcükleri ile taranmıştır. İngilizce özetine ulaşılan çalışmalardan kriterlere uygun 25 çalışma irdelenmiştir. Ağız ve diş sağlığına ya da ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışa yönelik olmayan, sosyal ve/veya kültürel etken içermeyen, metodolojik tipte olan, tam metine ulaşılamayan araştırmalar, konferans, bildiri ve kitap özetleri dâhil edilmemiştir. Bulgular beş başlıkta incelenmiştir: 1. iletişimle ilgili engeller; 2. finansal engeller; 3. estetiğe yönelik kültürel algı, inançlar, sosyal popülerlik ve kabullenilme; 4. cinsiyet ve eğitim ve 5. koruyucu ve tedavi edici hizmetlerin farkındalığı. Bulgular: Ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışları belirleyen hazırlayıcı, olanak sağlayıcı ve güçlendirici etkenlerin ve kültürel yetkinliğin göz önüne alınmadığı, sosyokültürel farklılıkların anlaşılmadığı ve kabullenilmediği durumlarda, sağlık hizmeti sunan personel ve hastalar arasındaki iletişimin koptuğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmalar, iletişim; sosyoekonomik düzey; kültürel algı ve inançlar, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ile koruyucu ve tedavi edici ağız ve diş sağlığı uygulamalarının farkındalığı ve kabullenilişi arasında ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ağız sağlğı
• sosyal değerler
• Kültür
• Toplum sağlığı

Kaynakça

1. Agbor, A. M., & Naidoo, S. (2011). Knowledge and practice of traditional healers in oral health in the Bui Division, Cameroon. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 2011;7:6.
2. Al-Ansari, J., Honkala, E., & Honkala, S. (2003). Oral health knowledge and behavior among male health sciences college students in Kuwait. BMC Oral Health, 3(1),2. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-3-2
3. Al-Jaber, A., Al-Nasser, L., & El-Metwally, A. (2016). Epidemiology of oral cancer in Arab countries. Saudi Medical Journal, 37,3 (2016), 249–255. doi:10.15537/smj.2016.3.11388
4. Amin, M., & Harrison, R. (2009). Understanding parents' oral health behaviors for their young children. Qual Health Res., 2009;19(1), 116-127.
5. Andersen, R., & Davidson, P. (1999). Ethnicity, aging, and oral health outcomes: A conceptual framework. Adv Dent Res, 11(2), 203-209.
6. Betancourt, J., Green, A., Carrillo, J., & Ananeh-Firempong, O. (2003). Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Reports. 2003;118(4):293-302.
7. Butani, Y., Weintraub, J., & Barker, J. (2008). Oral health-related cultural beliefs for four racial/ethnic groups: Assessment of the literature. BMC Oral Health, 8(26).
8. Buunk-Werkhoven, Y., Dijkstra, A., Bink, P., van-Zanten, S., & van-Schans, C. (2011). Determinants and promotion of oral hygiene behaviour in the Caribbean and Nepal. Int Dent J, 2011;61(5), 267-273.

9. Cadoret, C., & Garcia, R. (2014). Health disparities and the multicultural imperative. J Evid Based Dent Pract, 2014;14 Suppl:1 160-170 e161. doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.02.003
10. Chen, C., Chiou, S., Ting, C., Lin, Y., Hsu, C., & Chen, F. (2014). Immigrant-native differences in caries-related knowledge, attitude, and oral health behaviors: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan. BMC Oral Health, 2014;14:3. Costa, V., Amaral, C., Goettems, M., Pinheiro, R., & Demarco, F. (2016). Maternal perception of the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in children: a cohort study of south Brazil. Int Dent J, 2016;66(3), 163-168.
11. Davidson, P., Anderson, R., Marcus, M., Atchison, K., Reifel, N., Nakazono, T., & Rana, H. (1996). Indicators of oral health in diverse ethnic and age groups: findings from the International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) USA research locations. J Med Syst, 1996; 20, 295–316.
12. Espinoza, I., Thomson, W., Gamonal, J., & Arteaga, O. (2013). Disparities in aspects of oral health-related quality of life among Chilean adults. Arteaga Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2013;41:242-50.
13. FDI. (2015). The Challenge of Oral Disease – A call for global action. The Oral Health Atlas. 2nd edition. Geneva: FDI World Dental Federation; 2015.
14. Garcia, R., Cadoret, C., & Henshaw, M. (2008). Multicultural Issues in Oral Health. Dental Clinics of North America, 2008 Apr;52(2), 319-332. Hilton, I., Stephen, S., Barker, J., & Weintraub, J. (2007). Cultural factors and children’s oral health care: a qualitative study of carers of young children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiology, 2007;35, 429-438.
15. Hollister, M., & Anema, M. (2004). Health behavior models and oral health: a review. J Dent Hyg, 78(3), 6.
16. Horton, S., & Barker, J. (2009). Rural Latino immigrant caregivers' conceptions of their children's oral disease. J Public Health Dent, 2008;68(1), 22-29.
17. Jaramillo, F., Eke, P., Thornton-Evans, G., & Griffin, S. (2009). Acculturation and dental visits among Hispanic adults. Prev Chronic Dis, 2009;6(2).
18. Jung, S., Tsakos, G., Sheiham, A., Ryu, J., & Watt, R. (2010). Socio-economic status and oral health-related behaviours in Korean adolescents. Soc Sci Med, 2010;70(11), 1780-1788.
19. Khalid, A., & Quinonez, C. (2015). Straight, white teeth as a social prerogative. Sociol Health Illn, 2015;37(5), 782-796.
20. Lo, E., & Tan, H. (2014). Cultural challenges to oral healthcare implementation in elders. Gerodontology. 2014;31 72-76.
21. MacEntee, M., Marino, R., Wong, S., Kiyak, A., Minichiello, V., & Chi, I. (2012). Discussions on oral health care among elderly Chinese immigrants in Melbourne and Vancouver. Gerodontology, 2012;29(2), e822-832.
22. Marino, R. (2015). Cultural aspects of ageing and health promotion. Aust Dent J., 2015;60 Suppl 1(131-43).
23. Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R. (2008). Social Determinants of Health. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press. 2008;ISBN 978-0-19-856859-.
24. Mishra, G., Thakur, S., Singhal, P., Ghosh, S., Chauhan, D., & Jayam, C. (2016). Assessment of child behavior in dental operatory in relation to sociodemographic factors, general anxiety, body mass index and role of multi media distraction. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2016;34, 159-164.
25. Murphy, K., & Herzog, T. (2015). Sociocultural Factors that Affect Chewing Behaviors among Betel Nut Chewers and Ex-Chewers on Guam. Hawaii J Med Public Health, 2015;74(12), 406-411.
26. Naka, O., & Anastassiadou, V. (2012). Assessing oral health promotion determinants in active Greek elderly. Gerodontology, 2012;29(2), e427-434.
27. NIH. (2005). National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; U.S. Public Health Service; Department of Health and Human Services. The invisible barrier: literacy and its relationship with oral health. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 65(3), 174-182.
28. Petersen, P. (2003). The World Oral Health Report 2003: Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiology, 31, 3-24.
29. Riggs, E., Gibbs, L., Kilpatrick, N., Gussy, M., Germert, C. V., Ali, S., & Waters, E. (2014). Breaking down the barriers: a qualitative study to understand child oral health in refugee and migrant communities in Australia. Ethnicity & Health, 2014;20:3, 241-257.
30. Scambler, S., Klass, C., Wright, D., & Gallagher, J. (2010). Insights into the oral health beliefs and practices of mothers from a north London Orthodox Jewish community. BMC Oral Health, 2010;10:14.
31. Singh, S., Akbar, Z., Tripathi, A., Chandra, S., & Tripathi, A. (2013). Dental myths, oral hygiene methods and nicotine habits in an ageing rural population: an Indian study. Indian J Dent Res, 2013;24(2), 242-244.
32. Smith, A., MacEntee, M., Beattie, B., Brondani, M., Bryant, R., & Graf, P. (2013). The influence of culture on the oral health-related beliefs and behaviours of elderly chinese immigrants: a meta-synthesis of the literature. J Cross Cult Gerontol, 2013;28(1), 27-47.
33. Spolsky, V., Marcus, M., Der-Martirosian, C., Coulter, I., & Maida, C. (2012). Oral health status and the epidemiologic paradox within Latino immigrant groups. BMC Oral Health, 2012;12:39.
34. Srinivasan, R. S., Khatri, S. G., Acharya, S., & Patil, S. T. (2015). The Relationship Between Life Course Factors, Parental Demographics, Dental Coping Beliefs and Its Influence on Adolescents Dental Visit: a Cross Sectional Study. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 25(3), 243–250. doi:doi:10.4314/ejhs.v25i3.7
35. Vanobbergen, J., Visschere, L. D., Daems, M., Ceuppens, A., & Emelen, J. V. (2010). Sociodemographic determinants for oral health risk profiles. Int J Dent. doi:10.1155/2010/938936
36. Xiao-Ting, L., Tang, Y., Huang, X. L., Wan, H., & Chen, Y. X. (2010). Factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need and culture-related differences among Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants. International journal of oral science, 2(3), 149–157. doi:doi:10.4248/IJOS10050.