DIŞ VE İÇ SİYASET DİNAMİKLERİ AÇISINDAN SUUDİ ARABİSTAN’DA DEĞİŞİM SÜRECİ: MUHAMMED BİN SELMAN DÖNEMİ REFORMLARI

Öz

Bu makale Suudi Arabistan’da Muhammed bin Selman dönemi reformlarını dış ve iç siyaset dinamikleri açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Orta Doğu’da Arap Baharı’nın tetiklemiş olduğu değişimler bölgedeki mevcut bazı rejimleri meşruiyet ve otoriteleri bakımından zorlamıştır. Bu nedenle söz konusu rejimlerin başında gelen Suudi Arabistan da Muhammed bin Selman liderliği ile ülkede bir dönüşüm sürecine girmiştir. Dini ulemanın etkisini sınırlandırma, petrole bağımlı ekonomiyi dönüştürme ve toplumsal-kültürel reformlar şeklinde yenilikler uygulamaya konulmuştur. Ülkede dini ulemanın nüfuzu azaltılarak ılımlı bir din anlayışına sahip olunduğu izlenimi verme çabası içerisine girilmiştir. Suudi Arabistan ekonomik açıdan Vizyon 2030 planı ile petrole olan bağımlılığını azaltmaya ve teknoloji/altyapı projeleri ile yabancı yatırımcıları çekmeye çalışmıştır. Kadınlar ve gençlerin toplumsal ve ekonomik açıdan güçlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Popüler kültür ve eğlence alanında etkinlikler ile değişimlerin olduğu imajı verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte ülkeye olan aidiyetin güçlendirilmesi yoluyla devlet-toplum ilişkisi yeniden organize edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma Suudi Arabistan’da reformların nihai amacının meşruiyeti arttırma ve devlet otoritesini tahkim etme olduğuna dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Suudi Arabistan
• Muhammed bin Selman
• Vizyon 2030
• Orta Doğu
• Dönüşümcü Liderlik

THE PROCESS OF CHANGE IN SAUDI ARABIA IN TERMS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLITICAL DYNAMICS: REFORMS IN MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN ERA

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the reforms of the Muhammad bin Salman era in Saudi Arabia in terms of foreign and domestic political dynamics. Arab Spring has expelled some existing regimes in the Middle East to undergo changes in terms of their legitimacy and authority. Therefore, Saudi Arabia has also entered a process of transformation and reform under Muhammad bin Salman’s leadership. The reforms include limiting the influence of religious ulema, transforming the oil-dependent economy and implementing social and cultural reforms. There have been efforts to convey the impression of a moderate understanding of religion by reducing the influence of religious ulema. Economically, the Vision 2030 plan seeks to reduce dependence on oil and attract foreign investors with technology and infrastructure projects. Also, it is aimed empowerment of women and youth. To create impression of change, popular culture and entertainment activities have been used as a part of reform policy. Moreover, the reforms have purpose of strengthening the sense of belonging to the country to reorganize state-society relations. This study highlights that the ultimate goal of reforms in Saudi Arabia is to increase legitimacy and consolidate state authority.

Keywords

• Saudi Arabia
• Muhammad bin Salman
• Vision 2030
• Middle East
• Transformational Leadership

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