Investigation of organizational silence behavior within the context of communication problems in organizations

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 225 - 230, 31.12.2021

Ethem Topçuoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.1035813

Cited By: 3

Öz

There are many communication problems in organizations. Communication problems occur due to personal reasons arising from employees, organizational reasons arising from the organization's structure, and physical and technical deficiencies. Organizational silence creates one of the organizational communication problems. Organizational silence means that employees hide their thoughts, experiences, and opinions from the organization knowingly and willingly. This study explains the effect and reasons of organizational silence on the organization and its importance in terms of organizational communication. It is evaluated that in organizations where organizational silence exists, unrest among employees, mistakes in the workplace increase, and as a result, efficiency and productivity in the organization decrease. As a result of the managers creating effective formal and informal communication channels, it will be possible to eliminate or decrease organizational silence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organizational Communication, Communication Problems, Organizational Silence.

Örgütlerde iletişim sorunları kapsamında örgütsel sessizlik davranışının incelenmesi

Öz

Örgütlerde birçok iletişim sorunu bulunmaktadır. Çalışanlardan kaynaklanan kişisel nedenler, örgütün yapısından kaynaklanan örgütsel nedenler, fiziksel ve teknik eksikliklerden kaynaklanan nedenlerden dolayı iletişim sorunları oluşmaktadır. Örgütsel sessizlikte, örgütsel iletişim sorunlarından birini meydana getirmektedir. Örgütsel sessizlik, çalışanların düşünce, deneyim ve görüşlerini bilerek, isteyerek örgütten saklamasını ifade etmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada örgütsel sessizliğin örgüte etkisi ve nedenleri ile örgütsel iletişim açısından önemi açıklanmıştır. Örgütsel sessizliğin bulunduğu örgütlerde, çalışanlar arasında huzursuzlukların, işyerinde hataların arttığı ve bunun sonucunda örgütte etkinlik ve verimlilğin azaldığı değerlendirilmektedir. Yöneticilerin etkin formel ve informel iletişim kanalları oluşturması sonucunda örgütsel sessizliğin ortadan kalkması veya azalması mümkün olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örgütsel İletişim, İletişim Sorunları, Örgütsel Sessizlik.

Kaynakça

• Allen, M.W., Gotcher, J.M., & Seibert, J.H. (1993). A decade of organizational communication research: Journal articles 1980–1991. Annals of the International Communication Association, 16(1), 252-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1993.11678856
• Alper, M., & Erdem, İ. (2021). Whistleblowing ile örgütsel sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiye örgüt kültürünün etkisi: Öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 11(2), 550-567. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.602518
• Altinöz, M., Başpinar, N.Ö., & Şen, O. (2020). Örgütsel sessizlik ve toplantilara yansimasi üzerine bir araştirma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 785-804.
• Argyris, C. (1977). Organizational learning and management information systems. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 2(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(77)90028-9
• Askay, D.A., & Gossett, L. (2015). Concealing communities within the crowd: Hiding organizational identities and brokering member identifications of the yelp elite squad. Management Communication Quarterly, 29(4), 616-641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318915597301
• Baker, C.R., & Omilion-Hodges, L.M. (2013). The Effect of Leader-Member Exchange Differentiation Within Work Units on Coworker Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Communication Research Reports, 30(4), 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2013.837387
• Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A.I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 389-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
• Barbour, J.B., Jacocks, C.W., & Wesner, K.J. (2013). The message design logics of organizational change. Communication Monographs, 80(3), 354-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2013.788251
• Barrett, A.K. (2014). Breaking boundaries: Temporality and work–life practices in hospital organizations. Western Journal of Communication, 78(4), 441-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2014.926390
• Baxter, J.E. (1975). Communication problems in large organizations. Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 5(4), 301-304. https://doi.org/10.2190/5ULB-CBAJ-DWQ3-7UYA
• Bonito, J.A., Ruppel, E.K., Saul, J.E., & Leischow, S.J. (2013). Assessing the preconditions for communication influence on decision making: The North American Quitline Consortium. Health Communication, 28(3), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.673245
• Bowen, F., & Blackmon, K. (2003). Spirals of silence: The dynamic effects of diversity on organizational voice. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1393-1417. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00385
• Brown, M.E., Treviño, L.K., & Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002
• Browning, B., & Boys, S. (2015). An organization on hold and interim leadership in demand: A case study of individual and organizational identity. Communication Studies, 66(2), 165-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2014.904810
• Ci̇han, C., & Alkaya, A. (2021). Örgütsel iletişimin örgütsel sessizlik üzerine etkisi: Kırıkkale organize sanayi bölgesi alan çalışması. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 11(1), 64-85. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.662122
• Cowan, R.L. (2013). “**it Rolls Downhill” and other attributions for why adult bullying happens in organizations from the human resource professional’s perspective. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 14(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/17459435.2013.835347
• Çakır, M. (2021). Örgütlerde iletişim sorunlarının saptanması ve çözümü için kullanılabilecek teknikler üzerine bir inceleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12 (1), 973-989. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.888
• Çavuşoğlu, S., & Köse, S. (2019). Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanmasi. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2), 365-387. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.v19i47045.485266
• Çeti̇ntaş, H.B. (2013). Kurumsal bilgi iletişiminde karşılaşılan engeller ve engellere yönelik çözümler. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2(2), 182-204.
• Dansereau, F., Cashman, J., & Graen, G. (1973). Instrumentality theory and equity theory as complementary approaches in predicting the relationship of leadership and turnover among managers. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 10(2), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(73)90012-3
• Darwin, C. (1936). The origin of the species and the descent of man. Minneapolis: The Modern Library.
• Doerfel, M.L., Chewning, L.V., & Lai, C.H. (2013). The evolution of networks and the resilience of interorganizational relationships after disaster. Communication Monographs, 80(4), 533-559. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2013.828157
• Dyne, L.V., Ang, S., & Botero, I.C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00384
• Eisenberg, E.M., Johnson, Z., & Pieterson, W. (2015). Leveraging social networks for strategic success. International Journal of Business Communication, 52(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488414560283
• Erer, B. (2020). Örgütsel sessizlik davranışının X, Y ve Z Kuşağı açısından değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 23(2), 577-589. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.629203
• Erhardt, N., & Gibbs, J.L. (2014). The dialectical nature of impression management in knowledge work: Unpacking tensions in media use between managers and subordinates. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), 155-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318913520508
• Ersöz, B., & Kahraman, Ü.G. (2020). Bilişim çağında bilginin değişen yüzü: İnfobezite üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.779273
• Erteki̇n, İ., Ilgin, H.Ö., & Yengi̇n, D.A. (2018). Örgütsel iletişim kuramları. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8(2), 297-311.
• Feldner, S.B., & Fyke, J.P. (2016). Rhetorically constructing an identity at multiple levels: A case study of social entrepreneurship umbrella organizations. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 10(2), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2016.1144188
• Göven, E.K., & Şentürk, İ. (2019). İlkokullarda örgütsel sessizlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki (Eskişehir İl Merkezindeki ilkokullarda bir çalışma). Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20, 1223-1247. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.555471
• Gül, H., & Özcan, N. (2011). Mobbing ve örgütsel sessizlik arasındaki ilişkiler: Karaman İl Özel İdaresinde görgül bir çalışma. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 107-134.
• Halis, M., & Ay, D.A. (2017). Kurumsallaşma düzeyinin örgütsel sessizlik üzerine etkisi: Bir araştırma. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 43-62.
• Hansen, A., & Milburn, T. (2015). Enacting cultural identities in conversation: Managing collaboration in two nonprofit organizations. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 8(3), 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2015.1057906
• Hirschman, A.O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Massachusetts:Harvard University Press.
• Huang, X., Vliert, E.V. De, & Vegt, G.V. Der. (2005). Breaking the silence culture: Stimulation of participation and employee opinion withholding cross-nationally. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 459-482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2005.00023.x
• Keyton, J. (2017). Communication in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 501-526. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113341
• Keyton, J., & Beck, S.J. (2010). Examining laughter functionality in jury deliberations. Small Group Research, 41(4), 386-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496410366311
• Keyton, J., & Menzie, K. (2007). Sexually harassing messages: Decoding workplace conversation. Communication Studies, 58(1), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970601168756
• Kılıç, G., Budak, İ., & Kılıç, B.S. (2020). Kara Cuma etiketlerinin tweet istatistikleri ve duygu analizi ile sıralanmasi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 23(1), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.638064
• Kramer, M.W. (2009). Role negotiations in a temporary organization: Making sense during role development in an educational theater production. Management Communication Quarterly, 23(2), 188-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318909341410
• Kramer, M.W. (2011). A study of voluntary organizational membership: The assimilation process in a community choir. Western Journal of Communication, 75(1), 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2010.536962
• Leonardi, P.M., & Rodriguez-Lluesma, C. (2013). Occupational stereotypes, perceived status differences, and intercultural communication in global organizations. Communication Monographs, 80(4), 478-502. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2013.828155
• McAllum, K. (2014). Meanings of organizational volunteering: Diverse volunteer pathways. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(1), 84-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318913517237
• McGregor, D.M. (1957). The human side of enterprise. Management Review, November 1957, 41-49.
• McKinley, C.J., & Perino, C. (2013). Examining communication competence as a contributing factor in health care workers’ job satisfaction and tendency to report errors. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 6(3), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1179/1753807613Y.0000000039
• Milliken, F.J., Morrison, E.W., & Hewlin, P.F. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00387
• Mitra, R. (2013). The neo-capitalist firm in emerging India: Organization-state-media linkages. The Journal of Business Communication (1973), 50(1), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943612465179
• Morrison, E.W., & Milliken, F.J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725. https://doi.org/10.2307/259200
• Newsom, V., Cassara, C., & Lengel, L. (2011). Discourses on technology policy in the middle east and north africa: Gender mainstreaming vs. local knowledge. Communication Studies, 62, 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2011.534973
• Noelle-Neumann, E. (1974). The spiral of silence a theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00367.x
• Norander, S., & Galanes, G. (2014). “Bridging the Gap”: Difference, dialogue, and community organizing. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 42(4), 345-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2014.911939
• O’Keefe, B.J. (1988). The logic of message design: Individual differences in reasoning about communication. Communication Monographs, 55(1), 80-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637758809376159
• Öztürk, A. (1999). İletişim sistemleri ve iletişim teorisi. Selçuk İletişim, 1(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.18094/si.73282
• Pinder, C.C., & Harlos, K.P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. İçinde Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (C. 20, ss. 331-369). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
• Rivera, K.D. (2015). Emotional taint: Making sense of emotional dirty work at the U.S. Border Patrol. Management Communication Quarterly, 29(2), 198-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914554090
• Rosen, S., & Tesser, A. (1970). On reluctance to communicate undesirable information: The MUM effect. Sociometry, 33(3), 253-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786156
• Saral, E. (2020). Jakobson, Peirce ve Gestalt yaklaşımı üçgeninde müziğin iletişimsel yönü üzerine bir deneme. The Journal of Social Sciences, 44, 533-546. https://doi.org/10.29228/SOBIDER.41510
• Shojaie, S., Matin, H.Z., & Barani, G. (2011). Analyzing the infrastructures of organizational silence and ways to get rid of it. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1731-1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.334
• Shumate, M., & O’Connor, A. (2010). The symbiotic sustainability model: Conceptualizing ngo-corporate alliance communication. Journal of Communication, 60(3), 577-609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01498.x
• Streeter, A.R., Harrington, N.G., & Lane, D.R. (2015). Communication behaviors associated with the competent nursing handoff. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 43(3), 294-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2015.1052828
• Tesser, A., Rosen, S., & Waranch, E. (1973). Communicator mood and the reluctance to transmit undesirable messages: The MUM effect. Journal of Communication, 23(3), 266-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1973.tb00948.x
• Ti̇muroğlu, M.K., & Ali̇oğullari, E. (2019). Örgütsel güvenin örgütsel sessizlik üzerindeki etkisi: Erzurum ili araştırma görevlileri üzerine bir araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 243-264.
• Ti̇yek, R., & Sariyildiz, A.Y. (2018). Performans yönetiminde başarının sırrı: İletişim. Uluslararası Bankacılık Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 51-86.
• Tokmak, M. (2018). Kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel sessizlik üzerindeki etkisine yönelik bir araştırma: Banka çalışanları örneği. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 2219-2233. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.427459
• Uçar, Z. (2016). İşgören sessizliği: Teorik yaklaşımlar temelinde betimsel bir analiz. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Akademik İzdüşüm Dergisi, 1(1), 67-86.
• Üçok, D., & Torun, A. (2015). Örgütsel sessizliğin nedenleri üzerine nitel bir araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 2, 27-37. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.95591
• Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450510611997
• Yağcı, T., & Uçar, M. (2018). İletişimde engeller ve etkinlik. Al Farabi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3 Ek), 142-160.
• Yazıcı, Ö., & Gündüz, Y. (2010). Communication barriers in effective educational supervision and strategies to overcome these barriers. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 3(2), 37-52.