Avrupa Birliğinin Yolsuzlukla Mücadelesinde Suçtan Kaynaklanan Mal Varlıklarının Geri Alınması

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 85, 69 - 93, 01.06.2012

Hatice Topkaya Ahmet Topkaya

Öz

Günümüzde, yolsuzluk Avrupa Birliği açısından da büyük bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda Stockholm Programı ile AB içerisinde ortak bir yolsuzlukla mücadele politikası benimsenmesi kararlaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla,üye ülkelerden mali soruşturma kapasitelerini artırmaları, suç gelirlerinin tespiti, el konulması ve müsaderesinin daha etkin bir şekilde yapılması ve malvarlığı geri alım birimleri varlıkların geri alınması ofisi Asset Recovery Office-ARO arasındaki işbirliğinin güçlendirilmesi istenmektedir. Suçların yaklaşık olarak yüzde yetmişinin gelir elde etmek amacıyla işlendiği göz önüne alındığında, yolsuzluk gibi sınır aşan özelliğe sahip suçlardan elde edilen gelirlerin mağduruna geri kazanımı yani suçlardan kaynaklanan malvarlıklarının suçluların elinden geri alınması ve müsadere edilmesi suçluların işlediği suçtan dolayı zenginleşmelerini önlediği için caydırıcı bir özelliğe sahiptir. Bu sebeple, ülkelerce suç gelirlerinin izini süren, müsadere işlemini gerçekleştiren, el koyulan malvarlığının idaresini sağlayan ve müsadere işlemlerinde temas noktası olarak görev alan ulusal malvarlığı geri alım birimlerinin kurulması önemlidir. Sermayenin serbest dolaşımı faslı altında ulusal taahhüdümüz olan ARO’nun ülkemizde de kurulması ya da belirlenmesi hem AB’ye üyeliğimiz açısından hem de suç gelirlerinin hızlı bir şekilde tespiti ile bunlara el konulması ve ardından müsadere edilmesinin sağlanması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Yolsuzluk, Malvarlığı Geri Alım Birimi Varlıkların Geri Alınması Ofisi , Müsadere, Suç Geliri

RECOVERY OF PROCEEDS OF CRIME IN THE EUROPEAN UNION’S FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION

Öz

Nowadays, corruption has also become a major problem of the European Union. In this context, through Stockholm Programme, adoption of a common anti-corruption policy within the EU has been agreed. With this aim, the member states are required to enhance their capacity for financial investigations, to identify assets of criminals more effectively, to seize and confiscate these assets more efficiently and to make a strong cooperation between Asset Recovery Offices. Considering nearly seventy percent of crimes are committed with financial gain, the recovery of proceeds of crimes like corruption and confiscation of these amounts prevents the criminals to prosper from crimes and it becomes a deterrent measure for them. For * MASAK, Maliye Uzmanı** Sayıştay Başdenetçisithat reason, establishment of national asset recovery offices AROs , which trail the proceeds of crime, confiscate and manage those assets and serve as a contact point for confiscation, is essential. To establish or designate a national asset recovery office for Turkey, which is a national commitment within the scope of Free Movement of Capital Chapter, is of great importance both in terms of our membership to the EU and ensuring rapid detection of proceeds of crime as well as its seizure and confiscation

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Corruption, Asset Recovery Office-ARO, Confiscation, Proceeds of Crime

Kaynakça

• ABGS, (2011), Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması ve Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma, Ankara.
• Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı, (2012a), Fasıl 4 Sermayenin Serbest Dolaşımı, http://www. abgs. gov.tr/index.php?p=69&l=1, Erişim Tarihi: 01.07.2012.
• Avrupa Birliği Bakanlığı, (2012b) http://www.abgs.gov.tr/files/EMPB/sermayenin_ serbest_dolasimi_sunumu__ekim_2011_pptx__otomatik_kaydedilme_.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 01.07.2012.
• Avrupa Bülteni, “AB’de Yolsuzluk Sorunu”, http://www.avrupabulteni.com/abde- yolsuzluk-sorunu--28207h.htm , Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2012.
• BÖREKCİ Havva, YURDAKUL Mehmet Onur, (2011) Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’nin Katılım Sürecinde MASAK, Ankara.
• Commission of the European Commities, (2008),” COM(2008)766:Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament And The Council Proceeds of Organised Crime Ensuring that “Crime does not pay”, http://eurlex.europa.eu/ LexUri Serv/LexUriSer.do?uri=COM:2008:0766:FIN:EN:PDF Erişim Tarihi:01.08.2011
• Commission of the European Commities, (2011), “COM(2011)176 Final: Report From the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council based on Article 8 of the Council Decision 2007/845/JHA of 6 December 2007 concerning cooperation between Asset Recovery Offices of the Member States in the field of tracing and identification of proceeds from, or other propertyr elated to, crime”, http:// ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/ news/intro/docs/1_EN_ACT_part1_v8.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011
• European Commission (2009), “Eurobarometer, Attitudes of Europeans Towards Corruption Full Report”, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ ebs_325_sum_en.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011
• European Commission (2010a), “The EU Internal Security Strategy in Action: Five steps towards a more secure Europe, COM(2010) 673 Final”, http://ec.europa. eu/commis sion_2010-2014/malmstrom/archive/internal_security_strategy_in_ action_en.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2011
• European Commission (2010b), Overview of information management in the area of freedom, security and justice, COM(2010)385 Final, 20.07.2010, s.14-15, http:// ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/news/intro/docs/com_2010_385_en.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 09.07.2012.
• European Commission (2011a), “Fighting Corruption in the EU, COM(2011) 308 Final”
• http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/news/intro/doc/110606/308/1_EN_ACT_part1_v12 % 5B1%d.pdf, Erişim Tarihi
• European Commission (2011b), “Corruption:Steppingup the Fight”, http://ec.europa. eu/news/ justice/110606_en.htm, Erişim Tarihi:05.09.2011.
• European Commission (2011c), “Commission Decision of 6.6.2011 Establishing an EU Anti-corruption reporting mechanism for periodic assessment (“EU Anti-corruption Report”)”,http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/news/intro/docs/110606/3673/COM%20 Decision%20C(2011)%203673%20final%20_EN.pdf,Erişim Tarihi:05.09.2011.
• European Commission (2011d),”COM(2011)176 Final: Report From the Commission to the European Parliament and to the Council based on Article 8 of the Council Decision 2007/845/JHA of 6 December 2007 concerning cooperation between Asset Recovery Offices of the Member States in the field of tracing and identification of proceeds from, or other property related to, crime”, http://ec.europa.eu/home- affairs/news/ intro/docs/1_EN_ACT_part1_v8.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Commission (2012), “COM(2012)85, Proposal for a Directive Of The European Parliament And Of The Council on the Freezing and Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime in the European Union, http://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/ news/ intro/ docs/ 20120312/ 1_en_act_part1_v8_1.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2012.
• European Council (2010), The Stockholm Programme — An Open And Secure Europe Serving And Protecting Citizens (2010/C115/01),04.05.2010, http://eur-lex.europa. eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:115:0001:0038:en:PDF, Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2012.
• European Law Enforcement Agency (EUROPOL), (2007), “Camden Assets Recovery Inter Agency Network - CARIN”, http://www.europol.europa.eu/publications/Camden _Assets_Recovery_Inter-Agency_Network/CARIN_Europol.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2009.
• European Union (EU), (2011), “Stockholm Programme-An Open andSecure Europe Serving and Protecting the Citizens” http:// register. consilium. europa.eu /pdf/ en/09/ st17/st 17024 .en09.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:10.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2001), “2001/500/JHA: Council Framework Decision of 26 June 2001 on Money laundering, the identification, tracing, freezing, seizing and confiscation of instrumentalities and theproceeds of crime”, http://eur-lex. europa.eu/LexUriServ /LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001F0500:EN: HTML, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2003), “2003/577/JHA: Council Framework Decision of 22 July 2003 on the execution in the European Union of orders freezing property or evidence”
• http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2003F0577:2003 0802:EN:PDF, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2005), “2005/212/JHA: Council Framework Decision of 24 February 2005 on Confiscation of Crime-Related Proceeds, Instrumentalities and Property”
• http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005F0212:EN: NOT, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2006), “2006/783/JHA:Council Framework Decision of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders”, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri= CELEX:32006F0783:EN:HTML, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2007), “2007/845/JHA:Council Decision of 6 December 2007 concerning cooperation between Asset Recovery Offices of the Member States in the Field of Tracing and Identification of Proceeds From, or Other Property Related to Crime”, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:332: 0103 :0105:EN:PDF, Erişim Tarihi:01.09.2011.
• European Union Law (2006), “2006/960/JHA:Council Framework Decision of 18 December 2006 on simplifying the exchange of information and intelligence between law enforcement authorities of the Member States of the European Union”
• http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006F0960:EN: HTML, Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2011.
• Europol, “EU Asset Recovery Offices and the CARIN Network”, http://www.unodc.org/ documents/treaties/UNCAC/WorkingGroups/workinggroup2/2011-August-25-26/ Presentations/Burkhard_Muehl_Europol.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.10.2011.
• ERSOY Ömer, (2011), “AB’den Yolsuzluk Atağı”,http://www.sde.org.tr/tr/haberler /1034/abden-yolsuzluk-atagi.aspx, Erişim Tarihi:20.09.2011.
• Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service, (2008), “Criminal Asets Bureu Annual Report 2008”, http://www.inis.gov.ie/en/JELR/Criminal%20Assets%20Bureau%20 -%20 -%20Annu al%20Report%202008.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:28.09.2011.
• İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı, http://www.ikv.org.tr, Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2012.
• Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), (2008), “SAR 2008 Annual Report”, http://www. soca.gov.uk/search?q=aro&option=com_googlemini, Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2010.
• The Council of the European Union, “Convention on the Protection of the European Communities’ Financial Interests”, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUri Serv.do?uri=OJ:C:1995:316:0048:0057 :EN:PDF, Erişim: 22.06.2012.
• The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) (2011), “Report Laundering the Proceeds of Corruption, July 2011”, http://www.fatf gafi.org/dataoecd/31/13/48472713. pdf, Erişim Tarihi:01.10.2011.
• TOPKAYA Hatice, TOPKAYA Ahmet, (2009), “Yolsuzlukla Mücadelede Etkin Bir Araç: BM Sözleşmesi Çerçevesinde Yolsuzluk Kaynaklı Mal Varlıklarının Geri Alınması”, Sayıştay Dergisi Sayı:74–75.
• Transparency International, (2011), Corruptıon Perceptions Index 2011, HTTP://CPİ. TRANSPARENCY.ORG/CPİ2011/RESULTS/, Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2012.
• United National Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC) (2011a), “UNODC’s Action Against Corruption and Economic Crimes”, http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/corruption / index.html, Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2011.
• United National Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2011b), “Estimating Illicit Financial Flows Resulting From Drug Trafficking and Other Transnational Organized Crimes” Research Report, October 2011, http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and- analysis/Studies/Illicit_financial_flows_2011_web.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2012.