Post-Bürokratik Örgütlerde İktidarın Dönüşümü: Foucault, Hardt ve Negri Üzerinden Eleştirel Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, post-bürokratik örgütlerde iktidar ve denetim ilişkilerinin nasıl dönüştüğünü Michael Hardt ve Antonio Negri’nin İmparatorluk, biyopolitik üretim, Çokluk ve Ortaklık kavramları ile Michel Foucault’nun disipliner iktidar ve biyopolitika yaklaşımı arasında kurulan teorik bağlantı üzerinden incelemektedir. Kuramsal ve eleştirel literatür incelemesine dayanan çalışmada post-bürokratik örgütlenme, maddi olmayan emek, normatif kontrol, öz-yönetim, algoritmik yönetim ve alternatif örgütlenme literatürü karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, post-bürokratik dönüşümün iktidarı ortadan kaldırmadığı, aksine iktidarı merkezsizleşme, içselleştirme ve biyopolitik genişleme mekanizmaları aracılığıyla yeniden yapılandırdığıdır. Hiyerarşik otoritenin görece zayıflamasıyla denetim algoritmalara, performans ölçütlerine, takım normlarına ve örgütsel kültüre dağılmakta, çalışanlar kendi davranışlarını ve performanslarını düzenleyen aktörlere dönüşmektedir. Bununla birlikte bilgi, yaratıcılık, iletişim ve iş birliğine dayalı üretim, yönetimin çalışanların kolektif kapasitesine bağımlılığını artırarak mikro-direniş, müşterek üretim ve alternatif örgütlenme olanakları yaratmaktadır. Uber’de algoritmik yönetim, Kunda’nın normatif kontrol çözümlemesi, açık kaynak üretim modelleri ve platform kooperatifçiliği, teorik argümanın örgütsel karşılıklarını açıklayan örnekler olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, post-bürokratik iktidarı denetim ile kolektif özerkliğin eş zamanlı üretildiği bir örgütsel gerilim olarak kavramsallaştırarak yönetim ve organizasyon literatürüne kuramsal katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Post-Bürokrasi
• Örgütsel İktidar
• Biyopolitik Üretim
• Algoritmik Yönetim
• Çokluk

The Transformation of Power in Post-Bureaucratic Organizations: A Critical Analysis Through Foucault, Hardt and Negri

Öz

This study examines the transformation of power and control relations in post-bureaucratic organizations by establishing a theoretical connection between Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s concepts of Empire, biopolitical production, the Multitude and the Common, and Michel Foucault’s analyses of disciplinary power and biopolitics. Based on a theoretical and critical literature review, the study comparatively evaluates the literature on post-bureaucratic organization, immaterial labor, normative control, self-management, algorithmic management, and alternative forms of organization. Its central argument is that post-bureaucratic transformation does not eliminate organizational power, rather, it restructures power through decentralization, internalization, and biopolitical expansion. As hierarchical authority becomes less visible, control is increasingly embedded in algorithms, performance metrics, team norms, and organizational culture, while employees become active participants in regulating their own conduct and performance. At the same time, production based on knowledge, creativity, communication, and cooperation increases management’s dependence on employees’ collective capacities, creating possibilities for micro-resistance, commons-based production, and alternative forms of organizing. Algorithmic management at Uber, normative control, open-source production, and platform cooperativism are used as illustrative cases of the theoretical argument. The study contributes to management and organization theory by conceptualizing post-bureaucratic power as an organizational tension in which control and collective autonomy are simultaneously produced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Post-Bureaucracy
• Organizational Power
• Biopolitical Production
• Algorithmic Management
• Multitude

Kaynakça

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