Araştırma Makalesi
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Paralimpik Sporların Farkındalık Haritası: Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 236 - 248, 05.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1712204

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin Paralimpik sporlara yönelik farkındalıklarının incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu Türkiye’nin yedi coğrafi bölgesinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen, 18 yaş ve üzeri 200 kadın ve 242 erkek olmak üzere toplam 442 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama ve nedensel karşılaştırma modellerinin kullanıldığı araştırmada, Canpolat ve Akyol (2022) tarafından geliştirilen, 24 madde ve 2 alt boyuttan oluşan Spor Bilimleri Öğrencileri İçin Paralimpik Sporlar Farkındalık Ölçeği (PSFÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal ve homojen dağılıp dağılmadığı incelenmiş, ikili karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız değişkenler Mann-Whitney U Testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre kadın katılımcıların Paralimpik bilgi (p=,050) alt boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlenmezken, Paralimpik ilgi (p=,027) ve ölçek toplam skorlarının (p=,015) erkek katılımcılara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Paralimpik ilgi alt boyutunda, antrenörlük eğitimi ve rekreasyon bölümü arasında, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliği bölümü ile rekreasyon bölümü arasında ve rekreasyon bölümü ile spor yöneticiliği bölümü arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark (p=,001) tespit edilmiştir. Sınıf düzeylerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilememiştir. Daha önce engelli bireylerle çalışma durumuna göre Paralimpik bilgi (p=,001) ve ölçek toplam skorlarında (p=,001); daha önce engelli bireylere yönelik ders alma durumuna göre Paralimpik ilgi (p=,014) ve ölçek toplam skorlarında (p=,028) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak araştırma, kapsayıcı sporlar alanında hem empati hem de bilgi temelli bir anlayış geliştirmek adına teorik ve uygulama eğitimleri birleştiren model veya programlara olan ihtiyacın altını çizmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2014). Türkiye’de engelliler için erişilebilirlik algısı araştırması kamuoyu paylaşım toplantısı. https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm/haberler/turkiyede-engelliler-icin-erisilebilirlik-algisi-arastirmasi-kamuoyu-paylasim-toplantisi/
  • Amin, S., Mbah, O., Mateo-Orcajada, A., Albaladejo-Saura, M., ve Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2023). European handbook for gender equality, equity, inclusion in sport: A perspective through the Erasmus+ Women-Up project. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5736305
  • Bailey, S. (2008). Athlete first: a history of the paralympic movement. John Wiley & Sons. Blauwet, C. ve Willick, S.E. (2012). The Paralympic movement: Using sports to promote health, disability rights, and social integration for athletes with disabilities. PM&R, 4(11), 851-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.08.015
  • Bloom, B.S. (Ed.), Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., ve Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. David McKay.
  • Brockhaus, J. P. D., Woods, M., ve Brockhaus, R. H. (1981). Structured experiential learning exercises: A facilitation to more effective learning in clinical settings. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 19(12), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19811001-06
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem.
  • Canpolat, B. ve Akyol, B. (2022). Spor bilimleri öğrencileri için paralimpik sporlar farkındalık ölçeğinin (PSFÖ) geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (İÜBESBD), 9(3),1-24.
  • Canpolat, B. ve Akyol, B. (2023). Paralympic awareness of sport science students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(1), 227-239.
  • Council of Europe (2021). Revised European sports charter. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/revised-european-sports-charter-web-a6/1680a7534b
  • Cross, S. E ve Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5
  • Demir Sarıipek, A. D., Süngü, B., ve Konar, N. (2024, 15 Mayıs). Üniversite öğrencilerinin paralimpik spor farkındalıklarının incelenmesi [Bildiri sunumu]. ASES II. Uluslararası Bandırma Bilimsel Çalışmalar Kongresi, Balıkesir.
  • Ersoy Quadir, S., Akaroğlu, G., ve Tığlı, E. (2023). Toplumumuzun engelli bireylere yönelik duyarlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi (96), 229-246. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1195062
  • Gafoor, K. A. (2012, November 12). Considerations in the measurement of awareness. [Paper presentation]. National Level Seminar on Emerging Trends in Education, 2012, Kerala, India. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=Ed545374
  • Giordano, S., ve Harris, J. (2005). What is gender equality in sports?. In C. Tamburrini & T. Tännsjö (Eds.), Genetic technology and sport (pp. 223-232). Routledge.
  • Girgus, J. S., ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2006). Cognition and depression. In C. L. M. Keyes & S. H. Goodman (Eds.), Women and depression (pp. 147-175). Cambridge University Press.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2007). Access for all: The rise of the Paralympic Games. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 127(3), 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466424007077348
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2011). The Paralympic games. In J. R. Gold, M. M. Gold (Eds.), Olympic cities: City agendas, planning and the World’s Games, 1896-2016 (pp. 108-127). Routledge.
  • Gorski, J., ve Young, M. A. (2002). Sociotropy/autonomy, self-construal, response style, and gender in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(3), 463-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00048-4.
  • Guttmann, L. (1976). Textbook of Sport for the Disabled. Aylesbury: HM & M.
  • Hall, J. A., ve Schmid Mast, M. (2008). Are women always more interpersonally sensitive than men? Impact of goals and content domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(1), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207309192
  • Hellwege, A., ve Hallmann, K. (2020). The image of Paralympic athletes: Comparing the desired and perceived image of Paralympic athletes. Journal of Global Sport Management, 5(2),128–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2019.1604075
  • Hodges, C. E. M., Scullion R., ve Jackson, D. (2015) From awww to awe factor: UK audience meaning-making of the 2012 Paralympics as mediated spectacle. Journal of Popular Television, 3(2), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1386/jptv.3.2.1951
  • Howe, P.D. (2008). The cultural politics of the Paralympic movement. Routledge.
  • Jones, S.E. (2024). Raising awareness isn’t enough: The role of the psychology of education in disability-related justice and inclusion in primary classrooms. Psychology of Education Review, 48(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsper.2024.48.1.6.
  • Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: an approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.2466/11.IT.3.1.
  • Liu, Y., Kudlacek, M. ve Jesina, O. (2010). The influence of paralympic school day on childrens attitudes towards people with disabilities. Acta Gymnactia, 40 (2), 63-69.
  • Luna, W. D., Sur, M. H., ve Shapiro, D. R. (2023). Using paralympic school day and sport education model to increase awareness and inclusion of students with disabilities in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 94(5), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2023.2185327
  • Masci, C. A. (2018). Changing attitudes: the ımpact of a disability awareness class. Honors Theses and Capstones. 382. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/382
  • Mauerberg-deCastro, E., Campbell, D. F. ve Tavares, C. P. (2016). The global reality of the Paralympic Movement: Challenges and opportunities in disability sports. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 22(3), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201600030001
  • McKay, C., Haegele, J. A., ve Pérez-Torralba, A. (2022). ‘My perspective has changed on an entire group of people’: Undergraduate students’ experiences with the Paralympic Skill Lab. Sport, Education and Society, 27(8), 946-959.
  • McKay, C., Kirk, T. N. ve Leake, M. (2023). “I thought it was going to be trash”: Rural high school students’ disability-related perception change following Paralympic school day. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42 (4), 728-736.
  • Mergan, B. (2022). Engellilerde beden eğitimi ve spor eğitimi bölümü öğrencilerinin zihinsel engelli bireylerin sportif etkinliklere katılımına ilişkin farkındalık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Montana-Hoyos, C. ve Scharoun, L. (2014). Design for paralympians: Exploring roles of graphic and industrial design in promoting awareness of athletes with disabilities. International Journal of Design in Society, 7(2), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1328/CGP/v07i02/35-50
  • Nalbant, S. (2018). Spor yoluyla farkındalık gelişimi etkinliğinin özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutuma etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 24-36.
  • Ocete, C., Pérez-Tejero, J., Coterón, J., ve Reina, R. (2022). How do competitiveness and previous contact with people with disabilities impact on attitudes after an awareness intervention in physical education? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27 (1), 19-31.
  • O’Keefe, L. (2008). A kaleidoscope of colour and vibrancy: Personal reflections on the Paralympics. In K. Gilbert & O. J. Schantz (Eds.), The Paralympic Games: Empowerment or side show? (pp. 148–154). Meyer & Meyer
  • Sarı, H. Y., Bektaş, M. ve Altıparmak, S. (2010). Hemşirelik öğrencilerin engellilere yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Yeni Tıp Dergisi, 27, 80-83.
  • Séguillon D. The origins and consequences of the first World Games for the Deaf: Paris, 1924. International Journal of the History of Sport, 19(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/714001694
  • Shapiro, D. R., Pitts, B. G., Hums, M. A., ve Calloway, J. (2012). Infusing disability sport into the sport management curriculum. Choregia: Sport Management International Journal, 8(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.4127/ch.2012.0067
  • Shakespeare, T. (2006). Disability rights and wrongs. Routledge.
  • Tanure Alves, M. L., ve Carvalheiro Campos, M. J. (2024). School physical education and disabled students: What about Paralympic sports?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 56(2), 191-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2024.2306346
  • Tindall D. (2013). Creating disability awareness through sports: exploring the paticipation, attitudes and perceptions of post primary female students in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 32 (4), 457-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2013.859339
  • Türkiye Milli Paralimpik Komitesi. (2020a). Sık sorulan sorular. https://www.tmpk.org.tr/sik-sorulan-sorular/
  • Türkiye Milli Paralimpik Komitesi. (2020b). Paris 2024 yaz paralimpik oyunları. https://www.tmpk.org.tr/musabakalar/paris-2024-paralimpik-oyunlari/
  • Tomczak, M. ve Tomczak-Lukaszewska, E. (2014). The need to report effect size estimates revisited. An overview of some recommended measures of effect size. Trends in Sport Science, 1(21), 19-25.
  • Tweedy S., ve Howe D. (2011). Introduction to the Paralympic Movement. In Y. C. Vanlandewijck & W. R. Thompson (Eds.) Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete: Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science (pp. 3-29). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Yükseköğretim Kurulu (2024). Eğitim birimlerine göre öğrenci ve öğretim elemanları sayıları. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/

Awareness Map of Paralympic Sports: Perspectives of Faculty of Sport Sciences Students

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 236 - 248, 05.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1712204

Öz

This study aims to examine the awareness levels of students in the faculties of sport sciences regarding Paralympic sports. The sample consisted of 442 students (200 female, 242 male, aged 18 and above) selected by convenience sampling from the seven geographical regions of Turkey. The study used quantitative methods, specifically survey and causal-comparative models. Data were collected through the Paralympic Sports Awareness Scale for Sport Sciences Students (PSASS), developed by Canpolat and Akyol (2022), consisting of 24 items and two sub-dimensions. Normality and homogeneity tests were conducted. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied for pairwise comparisons and the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons. According to gender, no significant difference was found in Paralympic knowledge (p=.050). However, female students scored significantly higher in Paralympic interest (p=.027) and total scores (p=.015). In the Paralympic interest sub-dimension, significant differences (p=,001) appeared between coaching education and recreation, physical education and sport teaching and recreation, and recreation and sport management. No significant differences were found across grade levels. Significant differences were found in Paralympic knowledge (p=.001) and total scores (p=,001) depending on previous experience working with individuals with disabilities. In addition, significant differences were observed in Paralympic interest (p=.014) and total scores (p=,028) according to having taken a disability-related course. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of models or programs that combine theoretical and practical training. Such approaches are essential to strengthen empathy and knowledge-based understanding in inclusive sports.

Kaynakça

  • Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2014). Türkiye’de engelliler için erişilebilirlik algısı araştırması kamuoyu paylaşım toplantısı. https://www.aile.gov.tr/eyhgm/haberler/turkiyede-engelliler-icin-erisilebilirlik-algisi-arastirmasi-kamuoyu-paylasim-toplantisi/
  • Amin, S., Mbah, O., Mateo-Orcajada, A., Albaladejo-Saura, M., ve Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2023). European handbook for gender equality, equity, inclusion in sport: A perspective through the Erasmus+ Women-Up project. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5736305
  • Bailey, S. (2008). Athlete first: a history of the paralympic movement. John Wiley & Sons. Blauwet, C. ve Willick, S.E. (2012). The Paralympic movement: Using sports to promote health, disability rights, and social integration for athletes with disabilities. PM&R, 4(11), 851-856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.08.015
  • Bloom, B.S. (Ed.), Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., ve Krathwohl, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. David McKay.
  • Brockhaus, J. P. D., Woods, M., ve Brockhaus, R. H. (1981). Structured experiential learning exercises: A facilitation to more effective learning in clinical settings. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 19(12), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19811001-06
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem.
  • Canpolat, B. ve Akyol, B. (2022). Spor bilimleri öğrencileri için paralimpik sporlar farkındalık ölçeğinin (PSFÖ) geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (İÜBESBD), 9(3),1-24.
  • Canpolat, B. ve Akyol, B. (2023). Paralympic awareness of sport science students: Example of TRB1 Region. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(1), 227-239.
  • Council of Europe (2021). Revised European sports charter. Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/revised-european-sports-charter-web-a6/1680a7534b
  • Cross, S. E ve Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5
  • Demir Sarıipek, A. D., Süngü, B., ve Konar, N. (2024, 15 Mayıs). Üniversite öğrencilerinin paralimpik spor farkındalıklarının incelenmesi [Bildiri sunumu]. ASES II. Uluslararası Bandırma Bilimsel Çalışmalar Kongresi, Balıkesir.
  • Ersoy Quadir, S., Akaroğlu, G., ve Tığlı, E. (2023). Toplumumuzun engelli bireylere yönelik duyarlılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. EKEV Akademi Dergisi (96), 229-246. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1195062
  • Gafoor, K. A. (2012, November 12). Considerations in the measurement of awareness. [Paper presentation]. National Level Seminar on Emerging Trends in Education, 2012, Kerala, India. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=Ed545374
  • Giordano, S., ve Harris, J. (2005). What is gender equality in sports?. In C. Tamburrini & T. Tännsjö (Eds.), Genetic technology and sport (pp. 223-232). Routledge.
  • Girgus, J. S., ve Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2006). Cognition and depression. In C. L. M. Keyes & S. H. Goodman (Eds.), Women and depression (pp. 147-175). Cambridge University Press.
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2007). Access for all: The rise of the Paralympic Games. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 127(3), 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466424007077348
  • Gold, J. R. ve Gold, M. M. (2011). The Paralympic games. In J. R. Gold, M. M. Gold (Eds.), Olympic cities: City agendas, planning and the World’s Games, 1896-2016 (pp. 108-127). Routledge.
  • Gorski, J., ve Young, M. A. (2002). Sociotropy/autonomy, self-construal, response style, and gender in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(3), 463-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00048-4.
  • Guttmann, L. (1976). Textbook of Sport for the Disabled. Aylesbury: HM & M.
  • Hall, J. A., ve Schmid Mast, M. (2008). Are women always more interpersonally sensitive than men? Impact of goals and content domain. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(1), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207309192
  • Hellwege, A., ve Hallmann, K. (2020). The image of Paralympic athletes: Comparing the desired and perceived image of Paralympic athletes. Journal of Global Sport Management, 5(2),128–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2019.1604075
  • Hodges, C. E. M., Scullion R., ve Jackson, D. (2015) From awww to awe factor: UK audience meaning-making of the 2012 Paralympics as mediated spectacle. Journal of Popular Television, 3(2), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1386/jptv.3.2.1951
  • Howe, P.D. (2008). The cultural politics of the Paralympic movement. Routledge.
  • Jones, S.E. (2024). Raising awareness isn’t enough: The role of the psychology of education in disability-related justice and inclusion in primary classrooms. Psychology of Education Review, 48(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsper.2024.48.1.6.
  • Kerby, D. S. (2014). The simple difference formula: an approach to teaching nonparametric correlation. Comprehensive Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.2466/11.IT.3.1.
  • Liu, Y., Kudlacek, M. ve Jesina, O. (2010). The influence of paralympic school day on childrens attitudes towards people with disabilities. Acta Gymnactia, 40 (2), 63-69.
  • Luna, W. D., Sur, M. H., ve Shapiro, D. R. (2023). Using paralympic school day and sport education model to increase awareness and inclusion of students with disabilities in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 94(5), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2023.2185327
  • Masci, C. A. (2018). Changing attitudes: the ımpact of a disability awareness class. Honors Theses and Capstones. 382. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/382
  • Mauerberg-deCastro, E., Campbell, D. F. ve Tavares, C. P. (2016). The global reality of the Paralympic Movement: Challenges and opportunities in disability sports. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 22(3), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574201600030001
  • McKay, C., Haegele, J. A., ve Pérez-Torralba, A. (2022). ‘My perspective has changed on an entire group of people’: Undergraduate students’ experiences with the Paralympic Skill Lab. Sport, Education and Society, 27(8), 946-959.
  • McKay, C., Kirk, T. N. ve Leake, M. (2023). “I thought it was going to be trash”: Rural high school students’ disability-related perception change following Paralympic school day. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42 (4), 728-736.
  • Mergan, B. (2022). Engellilerde beden eğitimi ve spor eğitimi bölümü öğrencilerinin zihinsel engelli bireylerin sportif etkinliklere katılımına ilişkin farkındalık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Montana-Hoyos, C. ve Scharoun, L. (2014). Design for paralympians: Exploring roles of graphic and industrial design in promoting awareness of athletes with disabilities. International Journal of Design in Society, 7(2), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1328/CGP/v07i02/35-50
  • Nalbant, S. (2018). Spor yoluyla farkındalık gelişimi etkinliğinin özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutuma etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 24-36.
  • Ocete, C., Pérez-Tejero, J., Coterón, J., ve Reina, R. (2022). How do competitiveness and previous contact with people with disabilities impact on attitudes after an awareness intervention in physical education? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27 (1), 19-31.
  • O’Keefe, L. (2008). A kaleidoscope of colour and vibrancy: Personal reflections on the Paralympics. In K. Gilbert & O. J. Schantz (Eds.), The Paralympic Games: Empowerment or side show? (pp. 148–154). Meyer & Meyer
  • Sarı, H. Y., Bektaş, M. ve Altıparmak, S. (2010). Hemşirelik öğrencilerin engellilere yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Yeni Tıp Dergisi, 27, 80-83.
  • Séguillon D. The origins and consequences of the first World Games for the Deaf: Paris, 1924. International Journal of the History of Sport, 19(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/714001694
  • Shapiro, D. R., Pitts, B. G., Hums, M. A., ve Calloway, J. (2012). Infusing disability sport into the sport management curriculum. Choregia: Sport Management International Journal, 8(1), 101. https://doi.org/10.4127/ch.2012.0067
  • Shakespeare, T. (2006). Disability rights and wrongs. Routledge.
  • Tanure Alves, M. L., ve Carvalheiro Campos, M. J. (2024). School physical education and disabled students: What about Paralympic sports?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 56(2), 191-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2024.2306346
  • Tindall D. (2013). Creating disability awareness through sports: exploring the paticipation, attitudes and perceptions of post primary female students in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 32 (4), 457-475. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2013.859339
  • Türkiye Milli Paralimpik Komitesi. (2020a). Sık sorulan sorular. https://www.tmpk.org.tr/sik-sorulan-sorular/
  • Türkiye Milli Paralimpik Komitesi. (2020b). Paris 2024 yaz paralimpik oyunları. https://www.tmpk.org.tr/musabakalar/paris-2024-paralimpik-oyunlari/
  • Tomczak, M. ve Tomczak-Lukaszewska, E. (2014). The need to report effect size estimates revisited. An overview of some recommended measures of effect size. Trends in Sport Science, 1(21), 19-25.
  • Tweedy S., ve Howe D. (2011). Introduction to the Paralympic Movement. In Y. C. Vanlandewijck & W. R. Thompson (Eds.) Training and Coaching the Paralympic Athlete: Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science (pp. 3-29). Wiley Blackwell.
  • Yükseköğretim Kurulu (2024). Eğitim birimlerine göre öğrenci ve öğretim elemanları sayıları. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tuğçe Örsoğlu 0000-0002-9895-0797

Onur Akgün 0000-0001-5459-4383

Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Örsoğlu, T., & Akgün, O. (2025). Paralimpik Sporların Farkındalık Haritası: Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısı. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(3), 236-248. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1712204

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