Egzersize Bağlı Moleküler Yanıtların İncelenmesinde Multiomik Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Multiomik yaklaşımlar biyolojik sistemlerin farklı moleküler katmanlarının bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlayarak fiziksel aktivite ve egzersize bağlı adaptasyonların altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaların anlaşılmasında önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, egzersize verilen moleküler yanıtları genomik, epigenomik, transkriptomik, proteomik ve metabolomik düzeylerde incelemek ve bu yaklaşımların egzersiz biyolojisinin anlaşılmasına sağladığı katkıları güncel literatür doğrultusunda değerlendirmektir. Mevcut bulgular transkriptomik ve proteomik yaklaşımların dayanıklılık ve direnç egzersizine yanıt olarak aktive olan sinyal yolaklarının ve adaptif süreçlerin belirlenmesinde önemli bilgiler sağladığını, metabolomik yaklaşımların ise egzersize bağlı metabolik yeniden programlanmanın ve potansiyel biyobelirteçlerin tanımlanmasına katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte farklı omik katmanlardan elde edilen verilerin entegrasyonu, teknik ve metodolojik farklılıklar ile bulguların biyolojik olarak doğrulanması multiomik çalışmaların temel zorlukları arasında yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak, multiomik yaklaşımlar egzersize verilen moleküler yanıtların sistem düzeyinde anlaşılmasını güçlendirmekte ve bireysel biyolojik farklılıkları dikkate alan kişiselleştirilmiş egzersiz stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için önemli bir bilimsel temel oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Multiomik yaklaşımlar
• Transkriptomik
• Proteomik
• Epigenomik

Multiomic Approaches for Investigating Exercise-Induced Molecular Responses

Öz

Multiomic approaches have emerged as powerful tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations to physical activity and exercise by enabling the integrated assessment of multiple biological layers. This review aims to examine exercise-induced molecular responses at the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels and to evaluate the contribution of these approaches to our understanding of exercise biology. Current evidence indicates that transcriptomic and proteomic approaches provide important insights into the signaling pathways and adaptive processes activated in response to endurance and resistance exercise, whereas metabolomic approaches help characterize exercise-induced metabolic reprogramming and identify potential biomarkers. However, the integration of data across different omic layers, technical and methodological variability, and the need for biological validation remain major challenges in multiomic research. Overall, multiomic approaches enhance our systems-level understanding of molecular responses to exercise and provide an important scientific foundation for developing personalized exercise strategies that account for individual biological variability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• Multiomic approaches
• Transcriptomic
• Proteomic
• Epigenomic

Kaynakça

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