Sporcuların Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlarının Tatmini ve Engellenmesinin Ölçülmesi: Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Sporda Psikolojik İhtiyaç Durumları Ölçeği’nin (SPİDÖ) Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin test edilmesidir. Ölçek, sporcuların algısına göre spor ortamında temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının ne derece tatmin edildiğini ve engellendiğini ölçmektedir. Çeviri geri çeviri süreci tamamlandıktan sonra, 317 erkek ve 272 kadın olmak üzere toplam 589 sporcu (X̄yaş=19.34±4.70) araştırmaya katılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Sporda Psikolojik İhtiyaç Durumları Ölçeği, Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği II, Sporda Temel İhtiyaçlar Doyum Ölçeği ve Sporcu Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Yapı geçerliği için R programı ile (lavaan paketi) doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerliği, ortalama açıklanan varyans (AVE), bileşik güvenirlik (CR) ve Pearson Çarpımlar Moment korelasyon katsayıları ile incelenmiştir. Güvenirliğin değerlendirilmesi için Cronbach alfa ve bileşik güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. DFA sonucuna göre; ölçeğin orijinal İngilizce versiyonunu oluşturan 29 madde ve 6 boyut Türkçe versiyonda da aynı yapıdadır ve model uyum indeksleri kabul edilebilir düzeydedir (χ2/sd=2.99, RMSEA=.068, SRMR=.065 ve CFI=.918). Ayrıca, cinsiyet, yaş ve spor türüne göre kısmi ölçme değişmezliği sağlanmıştır. Yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik için yapılan analizlere göre Sporda Psikolojik İhtiyaç Durumları Ölçeği’nin alt boyutlarından elde edilen puanlar hali hazırda kullanılan geçerli ve güvenilir ölçme araçları ile negatif ve pozitif anlamlı ilişkiler göstermiştir. Alt boyutlara ait AVE, bileşik güvenirlik ve Cronbach alfa katsayıları da kabul edilebilir sınırlar içindedir. Elde edilen tüm bulgular Sporda Psikolojik İhtiyaç Durumları Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun yapı geçerliğini, yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerliği, güvenirliği ve ölçme değişmezliğini sağladığını göstermektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, ölçeğin sporcuların temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının tatmini ve bu ihtiyaçların engellenmesini değerlendirmek amacı ile kullanılabilir olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Özerklik
• yeterlik
• ilişkili olma
• ihtiyaçların tatmini
• ihtiyaçların engellenmesi.

Measuring Satisfaction and Frustration of Athletes’ Basic Psychological Needs: A Scale Adaptation Study

Öz

The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Psychological Need States in Sport Scale (PNSS-S). This scale assesses satisfaction and frustration of athletes ‘needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Following the back translation process, a total of 589 athletes (317 men and 272 women) participated in the present study (Mage=19.34±4.70. Personal information form, Psychological Need States in Sports Scale, Sport Motivation Scale-II, Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sports Scale and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire were used as the data collection tools. For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using R statistical software package (lavaan package). Pearson product moment correlation coefficient along with average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) values were used to examine the convergent and divergent validities. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients were calculated to evaluate the reliability. According to the CFA result, 29 items and 6 dimensions that make up the original English version of the scale have the same structure in the Turkish version and the model fit indices were at an acceptable level (χ2/df=2.99, RMSEA=.068, SRMR=.065 and CFI=.918). In addition, partial measurement invariance was supported across gender, age and sport type. According to the analyses performed for convergent and divergent validity, the scores obtained from the sub-dimensions of the Psychological Need States in Sports Scale showed negative and positive significant relationships with the currently used valid and reliable measurement tools. AVE, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the sub-dimensions were also within acceptable limits. All the findings revealed the construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, reliability and measurement invariance of the Turkish version of Psychological Need States in Sports Scale. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the scale can be used to evaluate satisfaction and frustration of athletes’ basic psychological needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Autonomy
• competence
• relatedness
• need satisfaction
• need frustration

Kaynakça

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