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SPOR ETİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA GEN DOPİNGİ.

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 01.02.2013

Öz

Discoveries in the fields of physiology and pharmacology over the past hundred years have accelerated the wide-spread use of doping by individual athletes as a means of performance enhancement in their sport. Despite the scandals that resulted in the deaths of many athletes and the ethical questions, this issue is still unsolved. Rather than being eliminated, the practice of doping appears to have shifted deeper underground, and illegitimated new methods are still being found to improve performance. The latest and the most sophisticated one is called “gene doping”. The aim of this study is to call attention to the problems of this latest doping method in the context of ethics in sports. The main results that have been drawn from this study can be summarized as follows: Genetic engineering is still immature. Thereolabilirler. Aynı zamanda, böyle pahalı bir teknolojiye çoğunlukla varlıklı sporcular erişebileceklerdir. Dahası, dini inançlarından dolayı genetik müdahaleyi reddeden sporcular, gen dopingli atletlerle yarışamayacaklardır. Bu da elit sporda adil bir yarışma imkânının ortadan kalkacağı anlamına gelmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Breivik G. (2005). Sport, gene doping and ethics. (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö,Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport:Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 165-177. New York: Routledge.
  • Brown WM. (1980). Ethics, drugs, and sport. Journal of The Philosophy of Sport, 7(1), 15-23.
  • Connor JM. (2009). Towards a sociology of drugs in sport. Sport in Society, 12(3), 327-343.
  • Friedmann T. (2010). How close are we to gene doping? Hastings Center Report 40, (2), 20-22.
  • Fukuyama F. (2003). İnsan Ötesi Geleceğimiz: Biyoteknoloji Devriminin Sonuçları. (Ç Aksoy Fromm Çev.). Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Goldman B. (1992). Death in The Locker Room: Drugs and Sports. Chicago, IL: Elite Sports Publications.
  • Haisma HJ, de Hon O, Sollie P, Vorstenbosch J. (2004). Gene Doping. Netherland Centre for Doping Affairs:Topical Publication
  • Heimsoeth H. (1967). Immanuel Kant’ın Felsefesi. (T Mengüşoğlu Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul.
  • Hemphill D. (2009). Performance enhancement and drug control in sport: Ethical considerations. Sport in Society, 12(3), 313-326.
  • Kuyurtar E. (2007). Ötenazinin ahlaksallığı. Felsefelogos, 1(32), 115-134.
  • Mazanov J, McDermott V. (2009). The case for a social science of drugs in sport. Sport in Society, 12(3), 276- 295.
  • Miah A. (2004). Genetically Modified Athletes Biomedical Ethics, Gene Doping and Sport. New York: Routledge.
  • Miah A. (2005). Gene doping: the shape of things to come. (C Tamburrini, T Tannsjo,Eds.). Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.),s. 42-53. New York: Routledge.
  • Persson I. (2005). What’s wrong with admiring athletes and other people? (C Tamburrini, T Tannsjo,Eds.). Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.),s. 70-81. New York: Routledge.
  • Schneider AJ. (2005). Genetic enhancement of athletic performance (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 32- 41. New York: Routledge.
  • Schneider AJ, Friedmann T. (2006). Gene Doping in Sports: The Science and Ethics of Genetically Modified Athletes. London, UK: Elsevier.
  • Schneider AJ, Rupert JL. (2009). Constructing winners: The science and ethics of genetically manipulating athletes. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 36, 182- 206.
  • Simon RL. (1984). Good competition and drug-enhanced performance. Journal of The Philosophy of Sport, 11(1), 6-13.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2000). What’s wrong with doping? (T Tännsjö, CM Tamburrini, Eds.), Values in sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and The Scientific Manufacture of Winners (1st ed.), s. 200-216. New York: Routledge.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2002). After doping, what? The morality of the genetic engineering of athletes. (WJ Morgan, Ed.). Ethics in Sport. (2nd ed.), s. 285-297. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2005). Educational or genetic blueprints, what’s the difference? (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 83-90. New York: Routledge.
  • Tännsjö T. (2005). Genetic engineering and elitism in sport. (CM. Tamburrini, T. Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 57-69. New York: Routledge.
  • WADA. (2003). International Standard for the Prohibited List 2004, 20 Mart 2009, http://www.wada-ama.org/ D o cum ent s/ Wo rl d _ Anti- D o p in g _ P ro g ra m/ WAD P - Prohibited-list/WADA_Prohibited_List_2004_EN.pdf.
  • WADA. (2006). The Stockholm Declaration. Feature: Gene Doping Symposium. Play True, 1, s.22, 20 Şubat 2009, http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Science_ Medicine/Scientific%20Events/WADA _ Stockholm _ Declaration_2005.pdf

SPOR ETİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA GEN DOPİNGİ.

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 45 - 54, 01.02.2013

Öz

Geçtiğimiz yüzyıldaki fizyoloji ve ilaçbilim alanlarında kaydedilen keşifler sporcuların, yarışma performanslarını arttırmak amacıyla doping kullanmalarını yaygınlaştırmış, hızlandırmıştır. Birçok atletin ölümüyle sonuçlanan skandallara ve etik problemlere rağmen bu sorun hala çözülmemiştir. Ortadan kalkacağına, doping uygulamaları daha da kök salmakta ve performansı arttırmak için yeni doping yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin sonuncusu ve şimdilik en gelişmiş olanı gen dopingidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gen dopinginin doğuracağı problemlere spor etiği açısından dikkat çekmektir. Çalışmadan çıkacak sonuçlar şöyle özetlenebilir: Genetik mühendisliği henüz olgunlaşmamış bir alandır, bu yüzden gen dopingine başvuracak atletler kanser veya bağışıklık sistemi çökmesi gibi hastalıklardan muztarip olabilirler. Aynı zamanda, böyle pahalı bir teknolojiye çoğunlukla varlıklı sporcular erişebileceklerdir. Dahası, dini inançlarından dolayı genetik müdahaleyi reddeden sporcular, gen dopingli atletlerle yarışamayacaklardır. Bu da elit sporda adil bir yarışma imkânının ortadan kalkacağı anlamına gelmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Breivik G. (2005). Sport, gene doping and ethics. (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö,Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport:Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 165-177. New York: Routledge.
  • Brown WM. (1980). Ethics, drugs, and sport. Journal of The Philosophy of Sport, 7(1), 15-23.
  • Connor JM. (2009). Towards a sociology of drugs in sport. Sport in Society, 12(3), 327-343.
  • Friedmann T. (2010). How close are we to gene doping? Hastings Center Report 40, (2), 20-22.
  • Fukuyama F. (2003). İnsan Ötesi Geleceğimiz: Biyoteknoloji Devriminin Sonuçları. (Ç Aksoy Fromm Çev.). Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Goldman B. (1992). Death in The Locker Room: Drugs and Sports. Chicago, IL: Elite Sports Publications.
  • Haisma HJ, de Hon O, Sollie P, Vorstenbosch J. (2004). Gene Doping. Netherland Centre for Doping Affairs:Topical Publication
  • Heimsoeth H. (1967). Immanuel Kant’ın Felsefesi. (T Mengüşoğlu Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul.
  • Hemphill D. (2009). Performance enhancement and drug control in sport: Ethical considerations. Sport in Society, 12(3), 313-326.
  • Kuyurtar E. (2007). Ötenazinin ahlaksallığı. Felsefelogos, 1(32), 115-134.
  • Mazanov J, McDermott V. (2009). The case for a social science of drugs in sport. Sport in Society, 12(3), 276- 295.
  • Miah A. (2004). Genetically Modified Athletes Biomedical Ethics, Gene Doping and Sport. New York: Routledge.
  • Miah A. (2005). Gene doping: the shape of things to come. (C Tamburrini, T Tannsjo,Eds.). Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.),s. 42-53. New York: Routledge.
  • Persson I. (2005). What’s wrong with admiring athletes and other people? (C Tamburrini, T Tannsjo,Eds.). Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.),s. 70-81. New York: Routledge.
  • Schneider AJ. (2005). Genetic enhancement of athletic performance (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 32- 41. New York: Routledge.
  • Schneider AJ, Friedmann T. (2006). Gene Doping in Sports: The Science and Ethics of Genetically Modified Athletes. London, UK: Elsevier.
  • Schneider AJ, Rupert JL. (2009). Constructing winners: The science and ethics of genetically manipulating athletes. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 36, 182- 206.
  • Simon RL. (1984). Good competition and drug-enhanced performance. Journal of The Philosophy of Sport, 11(1), 6-13.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2000). What’s wrong with doping? (T Tännsjö, CM Tamburrini, Eds.), Values in sport: Elitism, Nationalism, Gender Equality and The Scientific Manufacture of Winners (1st ed.), s. 200-216. New York: Routledge.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2002). After doping, what? The morality of the genetic engineering of athletes. (WJ Morgan, Ed.). Ethics in Sport. (2nd ed.), s. 285-297. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Tamburrini CM. (2005). Educational or genetic blueprints, what’s the difference? (CM Tamburrini, T Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 83-90. New York: Routledge.
  • Tännsjö T. (2005). Genetic engineering and elitism in sport. (CM. Tamburrini, T. Tännsjö, Eds.), Genetic Technology and Sport: Ethical Question (1st ed.), s. 57-69. New York: Routledge.
  • WADA. (2003). International Standard for the Prohibited List 2004, 20 Mart 2009, http://www.wada-ama.org/ D o cum ent s/ Wo rl d _ Anti- D o p in g _ P ro g ra m/ WAD P - Prohibited-list/WADA_Prohibited_List_2004_EN.pdf.
  • WADA. (2006). The Stockholm Declaration. Feature: Gene Doping Symposium. Play True, 1, s.22, 20 Şubat 2009, http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/Science_ Medicine/Scientific%20Events/WADA _ Stockholm _ Declaration_2005.pdf
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sait Tarakçıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Birol Doğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tarakçıoğlu, S., & Doğan, B. (2013). SPOR ETİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA GEN DOPİNGİ. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(1), 45-54.

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