Carrot and Stick Approach in International Relations: An Evaluation Throughout Turkey’s Accession Negotiations with The European Union

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 31, 1 - 22, 30.06.2018

Ekrem Yaşar Akçay Selim Kanat

Öz

The carrot and stick approach is an approach used by realists in

explaining hard power in the Discipline of International Relations. Hard

power actors use the carrot and stick approach to make other actors do what

they want. According to this, other states are trying to get things done by

punishment that they do not want to do, while the state is rewarded for

doing what they want. The European Union is also one of the actors who

have applied this approach to third countries. The EU has requested that

this approach be awarded to other states by way of reward or punishment.

One of the states towards the EU has applied this approach is Turkey. The

EU began negotiations with Turkey on October 3, 2005 (carrot), and the

European Commission suspended the negotiations in eight categories

because of the problem with Cyprus in 2006 (stick). But after recent

developments between the two sides, the EU's carrot and stick approach

have begun to reverse, and the EU has not been able to do what it wants to

Turkey in this policy. This study will examine Turkey-EU relations by

considering some events such as Positive Agenda and Cyprus problem in

the negotiation process within the framework of the carrot and stick

approach. This framework will try to analyze why this approach works and

where Turkey-EU relations will go on.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey, EU, Carrot and Stick Approach, Hard Power, Negotiation Process

Uluslararası İlişkilerde Havuç ve Sopa Yaklaşımı: Türkiye’nin AB ile Katilim Müzakereleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Havuç ve sopa yaklaşımı, Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde

realistlerin sert gücü açıklarken kullandıkları bir yaklaşımdır. Sert güç

sahibi aktörler, diğer aktörlere istediklerini yaptırmak için havuç ve sopa

yaklaşımını kullanmaktadırlar. Buna göre diğer devletler söz konusu

devletin istediklerini yaptıklarına ödüllendirilirken yapmak istemedikleri

şeyleri ceza yöntemiyle yaptırmaya çalışmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği de

üçüncü devletlere karşı bu yaklaşımı uygulayan aktörlerden biridir. AB, bu

yaklaşımla istediklerini diğer devletlere ödül ya da ceza yöntemiyle

yaptırmaktadır. AB’nin bu yaklaşımı uyguladığı devletlerden biri de

Türkiye olmuştur. AB Türkiye ile 3 Ekim 2005’te müzakere sürecine

başlarken (havuç), 2006 yılında Kıbrıs ile yaşanan problemden dolayı

Avrupa Komisyonu sekiz başlıkta müzakereleri askıya almıştır (sopa).

Ancak son zamanlarda iki taraf arasında yaşanan gelişmelerden sonra

AB’nin uyguladığı havuç ve sopa politikası ters tepmeye başlamış ve AB,

bu politika çerçevesinde Türkiye’ye istediklerini yaptıramamıştır. Bu

çalışma havuç ve sopa yaklaşımı çerçevesinde müzakere sürecindeki

Pozitif Gündem ve Kıbrıs sorunu gibi bazı olayları ele alarak Türkiye-AB

ilişkilerini inceleyecektir. Bu çerçevede söz konusu yaklaşımın neden

işlemediği ve Türkiye-AB ilişkilerinin nereye gideceğini analiz etmeye

çalışacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye, AB, Havuç ve Sopa Yaklaşımı, Müzakere Süreci, Sert Güç

Kaynakça

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