THE USE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF REVENUES FROM CARBON PRICING

Öz

Carbon pricing, which is widely implemented by many governments as an effective tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low carbon economy, not only reduces carbon emissions, but also provides significant income to governments. Nowadays, the question of what purpose and how governments use revenues from carbon pricing and whether the use of revenues makes an additional contribution to reducing emissions is a special importance. The aim of this study is to analyze the usage areas of the revenues obtained from carbon pricing, the suitability and effectiveness of these income usage areas for the environmental purpose of carbon pricing. In this study, the use of carbon revenues is discussed under five headings: tax reduction, allocation to the general budget, prevention of climate change, direct transfer and financing of development. Although there are generally legal and political restrictions on the use of carbon revenues, there is no consensus on the use of income between governments. While some revenue uses contribute additionally to the reduction of emissions, some do not contribute to the reduction of emissions and if there is transparency about how to use carbon revenues, both the public acceptability of carbon pricing and the effectiveness in revenue use will increase.

KARBON FİYATLANDIRMASINDAN ELDE EDİLEN GELİRLERİN KULLANIMI VE ETKİNLİĞİ

Öz

Sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması ve düşük karbonlu ekonomiye geçişte etkili bir araç olarak birçok hükümet tarafından yaygın bir şekilde uygulanan karbon fiyatlandırması, yalnızca karbon emisyonlarını azaltmakla kalmamakta aynı zamanda hükümetlere önemli düzeyde gelir de sağlamaktadır. Günümüzde hükümetlerin karbon fiyatlandırmasından elde edilen bu gelirleri hangi amaçla ve nasıl kullandıkları ve gelirlerin kullanım alanlarının emisyonların azalmasına ilave bir katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığı sorusu ayrı bir öneme sahip bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı karbon fiyatlandırmasından elde edilen gelirlerin kullanım alanlarını, bu gelir kullanım alanlarının karbon fiyatlandırmasının çevresel amacına uygunluğunu ve etkinliğini analiz etmektir. Çalışmada karbon gelirlerinin kullanımı vergi indirimi, genel bütçeye tahsis, iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesi, doğrudan transfer ve kalkınmanın finansmanı şeklinde beş başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Karbon gelirlerinin kullanımı konusunda genellikle yasal ve siyasi kısıtlamalar mevcut olmakla birlikte hükümetler arasında gelir kullanımı ile ilgili genel bir uzlaşı bulunmamaktadır. Bazı gelir kullanım alanları emisyonların azalmasına ilave katkı sağlarken bazıları emisyonların azalmasına herhangi bir katkı sağlamamakta ve karbon gelirlerinin nasıl kullanılacağı konusunda şeffaflığın bulunması durumunda hem karbon fiyatlandırmasının toplumca kabul edilebilirliği hem de gelir kullanımında etkinlik artacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sera Gazı Emisyonu
• Karbon Fiyatlandırması
• Karbon Vergisi
• Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi
• Gelir Tahsisi

Kaynakça

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