TEORİ VE PRATİKTE DİN-KÜRESEL SİYASET İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 27, 47 - 64, 24.06.2024

Murat Ülgül

Öz

Uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde ve uygulanan siyasette din uzun yıllar görmezden gelinen bir olgu olmuştur. Bunun bir sebebi sosyal bilimlerdeki rasyonalist ve pozitivist eğilimler iken, diğer sebebi egemen ulus-devletlerin oluşturduğu uluslararası sistemde devletlerin dini iç meseleleri olarak görmesi ve ayrıca tarihsel deneyimlerin etkisiyle dine olumsuz normatif anlamlar yüklenmesidir. Hem akademide hem de küresel siyasette Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin liderliği ise bu ülkenin tarihsel ve siyasi özellikleri sebebiyle dinin en azından uluslararası ilişkilerde görmezden gelinmesi sürecini pekiştirmiştir. Dinin bu sürgün hali 11 Eylül saldırıları ile sona erse de güvenlik-merkezli bakış açısı küresel siyasette din-odaklı analizlere hâkim olmayı sürdürmüştür. Bu çalışma din olgusunun realizm, liberalizm, inşacılık ve eleştirel gibi uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinindeki ana-akım teorilere nasıl eklemlenebileceğini tartıştıktan sonra bu teorik yaklaşımları esas alarak küresel siyasette dinin etkisini tarihsel olarak analiz edecektir. Çalışmanın temel hipotezi din olgusunun devlet politikalarında tek düzleme indirgenemeyecek kadar farklı roller oynadığı ve görmezden gelinmesinin küresel siyaseti anlamada ve açıklamada eksik bir yaklaşım olacağıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

din, küresel siyaset, uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri, kimlik, büyük güç ilişkileri

RELIGION-GLOBAL POLITICS RELATIONSHIP IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

Öz

Religion has been avoided in the discipline of international relations and in practical politics for many years. The rationalist and positivist inclinations in the social sciences is one reason. The other is the governments’ preference to see it as an issue of internal affairs in the international system composed by sovereign nation-states and the negative associations with religion as a result of historical experiences. American leadership in both academia and global politics contributed to the neglect of religion in international relations due to the historical and political features of this country. The untouchable status of religion came to an end with the September 11 attacks; yet, the security-centered approach dominated the religion-focused analysis in global politics. This article will first discuss how religion can be integrated into the mainstream theories of international relations such as realism, liberalism, constructivism, and critical theories. And then will historically analyze the effect of religion on international relations with respect to these theoretical approaches. The main hypothesis of the study is that religion plays various roles that makes it difficult to reduce religion to one dimension and its negligence would result in a deficiency when explaining and understanding global politics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

religion, global politics, international relations theories, identity, great power competition

Kaynakça

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