11 EYLÜL SONRASI ABD’DE ÖZGÜRLÜK VE GÜVENLİK DENGESİ AÇISINDAN TERÖRÜ ÖNLEME AMAÇLI TEDBİRLER / ÖZELLİKLE PATRİOT KANUNU İLE GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 47 - 90, 05.08.2016

Faruk Turhan Muharrem Aksu

Öz

Genel olarak özgürlük ve güvenlik arasında sürekli bir gerilimin var olduğu görüşü, özgürlük ve güvenlik dengesini açıklamakta kullanılagelen temel varsayımdır. Kural olarak özgürlük ve güvenlik arasında bir dengenin varlığı, hem temel hak ve özgürlüklere saygının sürdürülmesi hem de güvenliğin devlet ve bireyler açısından en iyi şekilde sağlanması anlamına gelmektedir. Ancak devletlerin terörle mücadeledeki temel yanlışlıkları, herhangi bir terör riski söz konusu olduğunda güvenlik tedbirlerini artırırken özgürlüklerde belli bir kısıtlamaya giderek dengenin bozulmasına yol açmalarıdır. ABD’de 11 Eylül sonrası yürürlüğe giren, kolluk güçlerinin soruşturma ve araştırma yetkilerinin oldukça genişleten, ev ve işyerlerinin habersiz aranmasını yasallaştıran, kişilere ait finans, sağlık ve eğitim ile ilgili kayıtlara izinsiz giriş yetkisi veren, iletişimin denetlenmesi ve internet iletişimini izleme dahil elektronik gözetim alanlarında da yürütmeye geniş yetkiler tanıyan, yargısal denetimi zayıflatarak yürütmeye oldukça geniş yetkiler tanıyan ve yürütmeye herhangi bir politik grubu terörist olarak tanımlamaya imkan sağlayan Patriot Kanunu, denge yaklaşımındaki yerleşik anlayışı bozmamıştır. ABD’de yürürlüğe giren anti terör kanunları, terörü önlemeye yönelik olarak tasarlanmış olsa da terörizmle ilişkisi olmayan ABD vatandaşlarının, azınlıkların ve özellikle yabancıların özgürlüklerinde ciddi kısıtlamalar getirmiştir. ABD, bir taraftan terör eylemelerini önlemek isterken diğer taraftan masum insanların haklarını da ihlal etmiştir. Özellikle elektronik gözetim alanında yürürlüğe giren düzenlemeler kişilerin özel yaşamına müdahale ettiği yönünde ciddi eleştiriler almıştır. Birey ve devlet güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik yürürlüğe konan Patriot Kanunu, özgürlüklerde ciddi kısıtlamalar getirmiş ve özgürlük ve güvenlik arasındaki dengeyi özgürlük aleyhine bozmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

11 Eylül Saldırıları, Vatanseverlik Kanunu, Özgürlük ve Güvenlik Dengesi, Anti-Terörizm Düzenlemeleri, Önleyici Amaçlı İletişimin Denetlenmesi

MEASURES AIMED TO PREVENT TERROR IN TERMS OF THE BALANCE OF FREEDOM AND SECURITY IN US AFTER SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS / ESPECIALLY THE RESTRICTIONS WHICH ARE BROUGHT BY THE PATRIOT ACT

Öz

Generally, the idea of the existence of a continuous tension between freedom and security has been the main assumption used to explain the balance between freedom and security. As a rule of thumb, the existence of a balance between freedom and security means both continuing the respect for the basic rights and freedom, and providing the best security for the state and its citizens at the same time. However, the main mistake of the governments in fighting against terror is that they disrupt the balance by increasing the security measures while limiting certain freedoms whenever there is a risk of any terror. Patriot Act, which came into force after September 11 attacks, and which increased the extensive interrogation and investigation rights of the security forces, legitimized the searching of homes and offices without any notice, provided access to personal records in finance, health and education without any approval, authorized the surveillance of communication, internet and electronic monitoring, weakening the judicial review by giving the governmental executive very broad powers, and allowing the government to define any political group as terrorist; did not disrupt the existing perception in the approach of the balance. Although the anti-terrorism laws that came into force in US were designed to prevent terror, these laws brought serious restrictions to the freedom rights of US citizens with no connection to terrorism, the minorities and especially foreigners. US, on the one hand while trying to prevent terror acts on the other hands has violated the rights of innocent people. Especially the regulations which came into force in the field electronic surveillance have received serious criticisms due to interfering with people’s privacy life. Patriot Act, which was promulgate to ensure the safety of the individual and the state that it brought serious restrictions in the freedoms rights and disrupted the balance between freedom and security in favor of security, against freedom

Anahtar Kelimeler

September 11 attacks, Patriot Act, Balance of Freedom and Security, Anti- Terrorism Regulations, Measure of Preventive Purposed Interception of Communication

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