Just War Tradition in Western Civilization and Christianity

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 35, 147 - 178, 01.12.2015

Adem Ali İren Muharrem Gürkaynak

Öz

The society’s tendency to use force against each other and the quest for finding justification to apply force has existed throughout the history. The legitimacy of the war has been generally based on religious beliefs and social values in the periods when the reasons for war are not clear. The Just War thinking shaped in Ancient Greece and Rome was completely discussed in terms of theology with the adoption of Christianity. Christianity, adopting the pacifist way of thinking in the first period, then adorned the Just War with religious motifs entirely to spread the commandments of God on earth. Western Civilization, where the religious influence was restricted with Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment, has secularized the Just War by estranging it from Christianity doctrine. The first part of the article will focus on the emergence of the process of Just War tradition in Western Civilization. The second part will involve the pacifist ideas in early Christianity. The third part will deal with Just War tradition from Church law perspective. The fourth part of the article will elaborate on the secularization process of Just War. Final part emphasizes situation of the Just War in 20th century.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Just War, Canon Law, Western Civilization, Secularization

BATI MEDENİYETİ VE HIRİSTİYANLIKTA HAKLI SAVAŞ GELENEĞİ

Öz

Toplumların birbirlerine karşı kuvvet kullanma eğilimi ve uygulanacak kuvvetin haklı nedenlerini bulma arayışı tarih boyunca var olmuştur. Hangi hallerde savaşa gidileceğinin belirli olmadığı dönemlerde savaşın meşruiyeti genelde dinî inanca ve toplumsal değerlere dayandırılmıştır. Antik Yunan ve Roma İmparatorluğu’nda şekillenen Haklı Savaş düşüncesi Hıristiyanlığın kabulüyle birlikte tamamıyla teolojik açıdan ele alınmıştır. İlk dönemlerde pasifist düşünce tarzını benimseyen Hıristiyanlık, daha sonra Tanrı’nın buyruklarını yeryüzünde yaymak için Haklı Savaşı baştan sona dinî motiflerle süslemiştir. Reform ve Aydınlanma Çağıyla birlikte dinî etkinin sınırlandığı Batı medeniyeti Haklı Savaşı Hıristiyanlık öğretisinden uzaklaştırarak sekülerleştirmiştir. İlk bölümde Batı medeniyetinde Haklı Savaş geleneğinin ortaya çıkış sürecinin ele alınacağı makalenin ikinci bölümünde erken dönem Hıristiyanlığında pasifist düşünceye, üçüncü bölümde Kilise hukuku perspektifinden Haklı savaş geleneğine yer verilirken dördüncü bölümde ise Haklı Savaşın sekülerleşme süreci işlenecektir. Son bölümde Haklı Savaşın 20. Yüzyıldaki gelişimi anlatılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Haklı Savaş, Kilise Hukuku, Batı Medeniyeti, Sekülerleşme

Kaynakça

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