DİJİTAL YERLİ(LER) YÖNETİCİ ADAYLARININ SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIK DÜZEYLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 155 - 179, 30.04.2023

Ercan Küçükesmen , Ali Şimşek , Mustafa Erhan Türkoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yönetici adaylarının dijital yerli(ler) açısından sosyal medya bağımlılığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda uygulanan analizler; ortalama, standart sapma, korelasyon ve regresyondur (yapısal eşitlik modellemesi). Örneklem olarak bir devlet üniversitesinin yönetim ve organizasyon bölümü öğrencileri seçilmiştir. Analizler için SPSS v.26 & AMOS v.24 programları kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; katılımcıların günlük sosyal medya kullanma süresi 1-12 saat arasında olup ortalaması 4.50 (±3.036) saattir. Dijital yerli(ler) ortalama değeri 2.991 (±1.078) ve sosyal medya bağımlılık ortalama değeri 2.325 (±1.147) şeklindedir. Alternatif bilişsel özelliği ve öğretme-öğrenme üzerine beklentileri, sosyal medya bağımlılığını negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Kültürel ve sosyal değerler, sosyal medya bağımlılığını ise pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Yerli, Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı, Yönetici Adayları, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION LEVELS OF DIGITAL NATIVES EXECUTIVE CANDIDATES

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the social media addiction levels of executive candidates in terms of digital natives. The analyses performed in line with this objective include mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression (structural equation modeling). The sample consists of students from the management and organization department of a state university. SPSS v.26 & AMOS v.24 software were used for the analyses. As a result of the analyses, participants' daily social media usage time ranged from 1 to 12 hours, with an average of 4.50 (±3.036) hours. The average value for digital natives is 2.991 (±1.078), and the social media addiction average value is 2.325 (±1.147). Alternative cognitive features and expectations on teaching-learning negatively affect social media addiction. Cultural and social values, on the other hand, positively influence social media addiction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Natives, Social Media Addiction, Executive Candidates, Structural Equation Modeling

Kaynakça

• ADORJAN, M. ve RICCIARDELLI, R. (2021). Smartphone And Social Media Addiction: Exploring the Perceptions and Experiences of Canadian Teenagers. Canadian Review of Sociology, 58(1), 45-64.
• AGÁRDI, I. ve ALT, M. A. (2022). Do Digital Natives Use Mobile Payment Differently Than Digital Immigrants? A Comparative Study Between Generation X and Z. Electronic Commerce Research, 22(3), 1-28.
• AHN, J. ve JUNG, Y. (2016). The Common Sense of Dependence on Smartphone: A Comparison Between Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants. New Media & Society, 18(7), 1236-1256.
• AKBAŞ COŞAR, H. ve GEDİK, H. (2021). Öğretmen Adaylarının Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Akademik Erteleme Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Bayterek Uluslararası Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(1), 32-65.
• AKSOY, Ö. N. (2020). Sosyal Medya Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Balıkesir Örneği. Anadolu Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 9-24.
• AKTAN, E. (2018). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 5(4), 405-421.
• ALFIA, N., SUMARDI ve KRISTINA, D. (2020). Digital Native Students’ Perceived Competence on Digital Literacy: A Study of Digital Native Students at A Private Islamic Junior High Boarding School. AKSARA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 21(1), 74-87.
• ALLAHVERDI, F. Z. (2022). Relationship Between Perceived Social Media Addiction and Social Media Applications. Psychology in the Schools, 59(6), 1075-1087.
• AL-SAMARRAIE, H., BELLO, K. A., ALZAHRANI, A. I., SMITH, A. P. ve EMELE, C. (2021). Young Users’ Social Media Addiction: Causes, Consequences and Preventions. Information Technology and People, 1-30.
• ALTAYEF, H. A. A. ve KARACI, A. (2019). Analysis of Social Media Addiction and Usage Purposes Among Secondary-School Students in Turkey. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 10(38), 7-34.
• ANDREASSEN, C. S., PALLESEN, S. ve GRIFFITHS, M. D. (2017). The Relationship Between Addictive Use of social media, Narcissism, And Self-Esteem: Findings from A Large National Survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64(January), 287-293.
• ARABACI, İ. B. ve POLAT, M. (2013). Dijital Yerliler, Dijital Göçmenler ve Sınıf Yönetimi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(47), 11-20.
• ARİKAN, G., ACAR, I. H. ve USTUNDAG-BUDAK, A. M. (2022). A Two-Generation Study: The Transmission of Attachment and Young Adults’ Depression, Anxiety, And Social Media Addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 124(January), 1-7.
• ARMSTRONG, D. (2013). The New Engagement Game: The Role of Gamification in Scholarly Publishing. Learned Publishing, 26(4), 253-256.
• AYDIN, S. ve TUFAN, F. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik ve Yeşil Kavramları Bağlamında Y Kuşağının Satın Alma Davranışları. Selçuk İletişim, 11(2), 397-420.
• AYYILDIZ, F. ve ŞAHİN, G. (2022). Effect Of Social Media Addiction on Eating Behavior, Body Weight and Life Satisfaction During Pandemic Period. British Food Journal, 124(9), 2980-2992.
• BABACAN, M. E. (2016). The Relationship of Social Media Usage Areas and Addiction. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 3(1), 9-30.
• BALCI, Ş. ve BALOĞLU, E. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki: “Üniversite Gençliği Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması”. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 29, 209-234.
• BALCI, Ş., KARAKOÇ, E. ve ÖĞÜT, N. (2020a). Psychological Well-Being as a Predictor of Social Media Addiction: A Survey on Health Workers. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 7(1), 35-63.
• BALCI, Ş., KARAKOÇ, E. ve ÖĞÜT, N. (2020b). Sağlık Çalışanları Arasında Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı: İki Boyutlu Benlik Saygısının Rolü. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 296-317.
• BÁNYAI, F., ZSILA, Á., KIRÁLY, O., MARAZ, A., ELEKES, Z., GRIFFITHS, M. D., ANDREASSEN, C. S. ve DEMETROVICS, Z. (2017). Problematic Social Media Use: Results from A Large-Scale Nationally Representative Adolescent Sample. PLoS ONE, 12(1), 1-13.
• BAZ, F. Ç. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Çalışma. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(16), 276-295.
• BENNETT, S. ve MATON, K. (2010). Beyond The ‘Digital Natives’ Debate: Towards A More Nuanced Understanding of Students’ Technology Experiences. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26(5), 321-331.
• BENNETT, S., MATON, K. ve KERVIN, L. (2008). The ‘Digital Natives’ Debate: A Critical Review of The Evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775-786.
• BİLGE, Y., BAYDİLİ, K. N. ve GÖKTAŞ, S. Ş. (2020). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığını Yordamada Anksiyete, Stres ve Günlük Sosyal Medya Kullanımı: Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 21(3), 223-235.
• BİLGİN, M. (2018). Ergenlerde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Psikolojik Bozukluklar Arasındaki İlişki. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 3(3), 237-247.
• BLACKWELL, D., LEAMAN, C., TRAMPOSCH, R., OSBORNE, C. ve LISS, M. (2017). Extraversion, Neuroticism, Attachment Style and Fear of Missing Out as Predictors of Social Media Use and Addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116(1), 69-72.
• BRAVO, G. ve POTVIN, L. (1991). Estimating The Reliability of Continuous Measures with Cronbach’s Alpha or The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient: Toward the Integration of Two Traditions. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 44(45), 381-390.
• BUCHANAN, L., KELLY, B. ve YEATMAN, H. (2017). Exposure To Digital Marketing Enhances Young Adults’ Interest in Energy Drinks: An Exploratory Investigation. PLoS ONE, 12(2), 1-16.
• BUTRIME, E., VITKUTE-ADZGAUSKIENE, D., ZUZEVICIUTE, V. ve STATKEVICIENE, V. (2015). Digital Native Student Attitude on Learning with Modern ICT Tools. 7th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 5651-5661.
• BÜYÜKGEBİZ KOCA, E. ve TUNCA, M. Z. (2019). İnternet ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Öğrencilerin Performanslarına Etkileri Üzerine Bir Yazın Taraması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 33-53.
• ÇAKMAK, S. ve TANRIÖVER, Ö. (2022). Is Obesity and Body Perception Disturbance Related to Social Media Addiction Among University Students? Journal of American College Health, 2, 1-9.
• CAN, B., HAZAR, Z. ve KURT, S. (2021). Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan Lise Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi (Karma Model Araştırması). Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 15-39.
• CAO, X., GONG, M., YU, L. ve DAI, B. (2020). Exploring The Mechanism of Social Media Addiction: An Empirical Study from Wechat Users. Internet Research, 30(4), 1305-1328.
• CAPLAN, S. E. (2005). A Social Skill Account of Problematic Internet Use. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 721-736.
• CARLSON, J., ZIVNUSKA, S., HARRIS, R. B., HARRIS, K. J. ve CARLSON, D. S. (2016). Social Media Use in The Workplace: A Study of Dual Effects. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 28(1), 15-31.
• ÇAYCI, B., ÇAYCI, A. E. ve EKEN, İ. (2022). Özçekim Kültürünün Yükselişi: Dijital Yerlilerin ve Dijital Göçmenlerin Sosyal Medyada Özçekim Paylaşım Tutumlarının Karşılaştırılması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1), 242-267.
• CERNY, B. A. ve KAISER, H. F. (1977). A Study of a Measure of Sampling Adequacy for Factor-Analytic Correlation Matrices. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 12(1), 43-47.
• ÇETİN, M. ve ÖZGİDEN, H. (2013). Dijital Kültür Sürecinde Dijital Yerliler ve Dijital Göçmenlerin Twitter Kullanım Davranışları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2(1), 172-189.
• CHAO, P. J., HSU, T. H., LIU, T. P. ve CHENG, Y. H. (2021). Knowledge of and Competence in Artificial Intelligence: Perspectives of Vietnamese Digital-Native Students. IEEE Access, 9(5), 75751-75760.
• CHEN, B.-C., CHEN, M.-Y., WU, Y.-F. ve WU, Y.-T. (2022). The Relationship of Social Media Addiction with Internet Use and Perceived Health: The Moderating Effects of Regular Exercise Intervention. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(5), 1-15.
• CHEN, I. H., STRONG, C., LIN, Y. C., TSAI, M. C., LEUNG, H., LIN, C. Y., PAKPOUR, A. H. ve GRIFFITHS, M. D. (2020). Time Invariance of Three Ultra-Brief Internet-Related Instruments: Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), And the Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale- Short Form (IGDS-SF9) (Study Part B). Addictive Behaviors, 101(105960), 1-8.
• CHEN, M.-M. (2018). Students’ Perceptions of The Educational Usage of a Facebook Group. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 18(4), 332-348.
• CHENG, C. ve LAU, Y. C. (2022). Social Media Addiction during COVID-19-Mandated Physical Distancing: Relatedness Needs as Motives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8 (4621)), 1-14.
• CHINN, M. D. ve FAIRLIE, R. W. (2010). ICT Use in the Developing World: An Analysis of Differences in Computer and Internet Penetration. Review of International Economics, 18(1), 153-167.
• CHRISTMANN, A. ve VAN AELST, S. (2006). Robust Estimation of Cronbach’s Alpha. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 97(7), 1660-1674.
• CIFREDO-CHACÕN, M. D. L. Á., QUIRÕS-OLOZÁBAL, Á. ve GUERRERO-RODRÍGUEZ, J. M. (2015). Computer Architecture and FPGAs: A Learning-By-Doing Methodology for Digital-Native Students. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 23(3), 464-470.
• ÇİFTÇİ, H. (2018). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(4), 417-434.
• ÇİMEN, B. ve HANGÜL, Ş. (2021). Digital Immigrant Teachers’ Perceptions about Digital Native Students: An Investigation into Turkish School Context. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 14(2).
• CLARK, J. S. ve MAHER, J. K. (2016). Exploring The Relationship Between Sport Fan Identification and Addiction to Digital Sports Media. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 14(4), 1-12.
• COLUCCI, A. (2018). The Role of The Social Networks, Between A Utility and A New Addiction. Psychiatria Danubina, 30(7), 511-514.
• ÇÖMLEKÇİ, M. F. ve BAŞOL, O. (2019). Gençlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanım Amaçları ile Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 173-188.
• CONLIN, M.-C. ve SILLENCE, E. (2021). Exploring British Adolescents’ Views and Experiences of Problematic Smartphone Use and Smartphone Etiquette. Journal of Gambling Issues, 46(2), 279-301.
• COPACI, I. A. ve RUSU, A. S. (2015). A Profile Outline of Higher Education E-Tutoring Programs for the Digital-Native Student – Literature Review. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 209(12), 145-153.
• CORREA, T. (2015). Digital Skills and Social Media Use: How Internet Skills Are Related to Different Types of Facebook Use Among ‘Digital Natives’. Information Communication & Society, 19(8), 1095-1107.
• CRONBACH, L. J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and The Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
• ÇUKURBAŞI, B. ve İŞMAN, A. (2014). Öğretmen Adaylarının Dijital Yerli Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi (Bartın Üniversitesi Örneği). Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 28-54.
• DAVISON, R. M. ve OU, C. X. J. (2018). Subverting Organizational Is Policy with Feral Systems: A Case in China. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(3), 570-588.
• DE FELICE, G., BURRAI, J., MARI, E., PALONI, F., LAUSI, G., GIANNINI, A. M. ve QUAGLIERI, A. (2022). How Do Adolescents Use Social Networks and What Are Their Potential Dangers? A Qualitative Study of Gender Differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 1-12.
• DENİZ, L. ve GÜRÜLTÜ, E. (2018). Lise Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılıkları. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(2), 355-367.
• DİKMEN, M. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Depresyon Düzeyleri ile Sosyal Medya Bağımlılıkları Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(1), 20-30.
• DİLSİZ, N. B. ve KANDEMİR, M. (2020). Lise Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Bağlanma Stilleri ve Yaşam Doyumu ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 7(2), 32-51.
• DINGLI, A. ve SEYCHELL, D. (2015). The New Digital Natives: Cutting the Chord (First Edition). Springer.
• DOĞRUSEVER, C. (2021). Ergenlerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin Bazı Sosyo Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 23-42.
• DOĞUSOY, B. ve İMER, G. (2019). Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Dijital Yerlilik Özellikleri Değerlendirmelerinin İncelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 18(4), 1766-1778.
• DÖŞ, B. ve ÖZŞAHİN, C. (2019). Öğretmenlerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı, Öğretmenlik Öz-Yeterlilikleri ve Motivasyonları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(71), 1397-1408.
• DURAN, S. ve KAYNAK, S. (2022). Insomnia in Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Association with Social Media Addiction. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 9(2), 180-185.
• DUYGUN, A. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının Tüketici Satın Alma Karar Sürecine Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 6(2), 1351-1375.
• EDITORS OF NEW STRATEGIST PUBLICATIONS. (2006). The Millennials: Americans Born 1977 to 1994 (Third Edition). New Strategist Publications, Inc.
• ERTEM, A. A. ve GÜZEL, A. (2021). Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 7(1), 245-260.
• EŞGİ, N. (2013). Dijital Yerli Çocukların ve Dijital Göçmen Ebeveynlerinin İnternet Bağımlılığına İlişkin Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 181-194.
• EVANS, C. ve ROBERTSON, W. (2020). The Four Phases of The Digital Natives Debate. Içinde Human Behavior & Emerging Technologies (ss. 269-277). John Wiley and Sons Inc.
• EVERITT, B. S. (1975). Multivariate Analysis: The Need for Data, and other Problems. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 126(3), 237-240.
• FENLEY, S. (2010). Navigation and Visualisation Techniques in eLearning and Internet Research. Içinde M. Ebner & M. Schiefner (Ed.), Looking Toward the Future of Technology-Enhanced Education: Ubiquitous Learning and the Digital Native (First Edition, ss. 55-86). Information Science Reference.
• FLANIGAN, A. E. ve KIEWRA, K. A. (2018). What College Instructors Can Do About Student Cyber-slacking. Educational Psychology Review, 30(2), 585-597.
• GAO, N., EISSENSTAT, S. H. J. ve DEMASI, M. (2022). A One-Year Follow-Up Study of Changes in Social Media Addiction and Career Networking Among College Students with Disabilities. Journal of American College Health, 70(March), 1-8.
• GAVUROVA, B., BACIK, R., FEDORKO, R. ve NASTISIN, L. (2018). The Customer’s Brand Experience in The Light of Selected Performance Indicators in The Social Media Environment. Journal of Competitiveness, 10(2), 72-84.
• GRIFFITHS, M. (2000). Internet Addiction - Time to be Taken Seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413-418.
• GRIFFITHS, M. (2005). A ‘Components’ Model of Addiction Within a Biopsychosocial Framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191-197.
• GÜRBÜZ, S. ve ŞAHİN, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz. Beşinci Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• GÜRSU, O. ve MUSARA, A. T. (2021). Ergenlerde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı İle Dindarlık İlişkisi. Turkish Academic Research Review, 6(2), 417-438.
• HASSAN, M. (2016). Parenting in the Age of Facebook: Raising the Net Generation (First Edition). Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
• HAWI, N. S. ve SAMAHA, M. (2017). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586.
• HE, Z. ve LI, M. (2022). Executive Function and Social Media Addiction in Female College Students: The Mediating Role of Affective State and Stress. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 183(4), 279-293.
• HE, Z., LI, M., LIU, C. ve MA, X. (2022). Common Predictive Factors of Social Media Addiction and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students: State Anxiety and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility/Sustained Attention. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(647126), 1-8.
• HELSPER, E. J. ve EYNON, R. (2010). Digital Natives: Where Is the Evidence? British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 503-520.
• HINTON, P. R., BROWNLOW, C., MCMURRAY, I. ve COZENS, B. (2004). SPSS Explained (First Edition). Routledge.
• HOU, Y., XIONG, D., JIANG, T., SONG, L. ve WANG, Q. (2019). Social Media Addiction: Its Impact, Mediation, and Intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1 (Article 4)), 1-17.
• HOWE, N. ve STRAUSS, W. (2000). Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation (First Edition). Vintage Books.
• HU, L.-T. ve BENTLER, P. M. (1998). Fit Indices in Covariance Structure Modeling: Sensitivity to Underparameterized Model Misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424-453.
• HUANG, F., TEO, T. ve HE, J. (2021). Digital Nativity of University Teachers in China: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of The Digital Native Assessment Scale (DNAS). Interactive Learning Environments, 29(3), 385-399.
• HUANG, H. (2014). Social Media Generation in Urban China: A Study of Social Media Use and Addiction among Adolescents (First Edition). Springer.
• İLTER, S. M. ve OVAYOLU, Ö. (2022). The Relations Between the Alexithymia Levels and Social Media Addictions of Nursing Students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4), 1-7.
• IMPERATORI, C., PANNO, A., CARBONE, G. A., CORAZZA, O., TADDEI, I., BERNABEI, L., MASSULLO, C., PREVETE, E., TARSITANI, L., PASQUINI, M., FARINA, B., BIONDI, M. ve BERSANI, F. S. (2022). The Association Between Social Media Addiction and Eating Disturbances Is Mediated by Muscle Dysmorphia-Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study in A Sample of Young Adults. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 27(3), 1131-1140.
• JANSCHITZ, G. ve PENKER, M. (2022). How Digital Are ‘Digital Natives’ Actually? Developing An Instrument to Measure the Degree of Digitalisation of University Students – The DDS-Index. BMS Bulletin of Sociological Methodology, 153(1), 127-159.
• JONES, C. (2011). Students, The Net Generation, And Digital Natives: Accounting for Educational Change. Içinde M. Thomas (Ed.), Deconstructing Digital Natives: Young People, Technology and The New Literacies (First Edition, ss. 30-45). Taylor & Francis.
• JONES, C., RAMANAU, R., CROSS, S. ve HEALING, G. (2010). Net Generation or Digital Natives: Is There a Distinct New Generation Entering University? Computers & Education, 54(3), 722-732.
• KAISER, H. F. (1970). A Second-Generation Little Jiffy. Psychometrika, 35(4), 401-415.
• KAISER, H. F. ve RICE, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark IV. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111-117.
• KARAASLAN EŞER, A. ve AYAZ ALKAYA, S. (2019). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Durumu ve Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusunun İncelenmesi. SBÜHD Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 1(1), 27-36.
• KARABULUT, B. (2015). Bilgi Toplumu Çağında Dijital Yerliler, Göçmenler ve Melezler. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 11-23.
• KARADAǦ, E., TOSUNTAŞ, Ş. B., ERZEN, E., DURU, P., BOSTAN, N., ŞAHİN, B. M., ÇULHA, I. ve BABADAǦ, B. (2015). Determinants Of Phubbing, Which Is the Sum of Many Virtual Addictions: A Structural Equation Model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74.
• KARAYİĞİT, C., GROTER, A. ve THOMPSON, M. (2021). Addictive Use of social media and Motivations for Social Media Use Among Emerging Adult University Students. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(3), 266-274.
• KEMP, S. (2022a, Ocak 26). Digital 2022: Another Year of Bumper Growth. https://Wearesocial.Com/Uk/Blog/2022/01/Digital-2022-Another-Year-of-Bumper-Growth-2/.
• KEMP, S. (2022b, Şubat 15). Digital 2022: Turkey. https://Datareportal.Com/Reports/Digital-2022-Turkey?Rq=turkey.
• KENNEDY, G. E., JUDD, T. S., CHURCHWARD, A., GRAY, K. ve KRAUSE, K.-L. (2008). First Year Students’ Experiences with Technology: Are They Really Digital Natives? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(1), 108-122.
• KIETZMANN, J. H., HERMKENS, K., MCCARTHY, I. P. ve SILVESTRE, B. S. (2011). Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding The Functional Building Blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241-251.
• KIRAN, S., KÜÇÜKBOSTANCI, H. ve EMRE, İ. E. (2020). Sosyal Medya Kullanımının Kişiler Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 13(4), 435-441.
• KLINE, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis (First Edition). Routledge.
• KOBUL, M. K. (2022). Socioeconomic Status Influences Turkish Digital Natives’ Internet Use Habitus. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(10), 1-19.
• Korkmaz, Ö. (2020). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı: Bayburt Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2).
• KUMAR, G. M. ve MULLAI, M. (2022). Modeling Social Media Addiction with Case Detection and Treatment. Stochastic Analysis and Applications, 41, 1-32.
• KURT, A. A., GÜNÜÇ, S. ve ERSOY, M. (2013). Dijitallesmede Son Durum: Dijital Yerli, Dijital Göçmen ve Dijital Göçebe. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46(1), 1-22.
• LEONTITSIS, A. ve PAGGE, J. (2007). A Simulation Approach on Cronbach’s Alpha Statistical Significance. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 73(5), 336-340.
• LEPPISAARI, I. ve LEE, O. (2012). Modelling Digital Natives’ International Collaboration: Finnish-Korean Experiences of Environmental Education. Educational Technology & Society, 15(2), 244-256.
• LEUNG, H., PAKPOUR, A. H., STRONG, C., LIN, Y. C., TSAI, M. C., GRIFFITHS, M. D., LIN, C. Y. ve CHEN, I. H. (2020). Measurement Invariance Across Young Adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan Among Three Internet-Related Addiction Scales: Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) (Study Part A). Addictive Behaviors, 101(105969), 1-9.
• LI, Y. ve RANIERI, M. (2010). Are ‘Digital Natives’ Really Digitally Competent? - A Study on Chinese Teenagers. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(6), 1029-1042.
• LIOSSI, C. (2002). Paediatric Procedure-Related Cancer Pain Assessment. Içinde C. Liossi (Ed.), Procedure-Related Cancer Pain in Children (First Edition, ss. 35-74). CRC Press.
• MAINI, R., SEHGAL, S. ve AGRAWAL, G. (2021). Todays’ Digital Natives: An Exploratory Study on Students’ Engagement and Satisfaction Towards Virtual Classes Amid COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 38(5), 454-472.
• MALAK, M. Z., SHUHAIBER, A. H., AL-AMER, R. M., ABUADAS, M. H. ve ABUROOMI, R. J. (2022). Correlation Between Psychological Factors, Academic Performance and Social Media Addiction: Model-Based Testing. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(8), 1583-1595.
• MANOR, I. ve KAMPF, R. (2022). Digital Nativity and Digital Diplomacy: Exploring Conceptual Differences Between Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants. Global Policy, 13(May), 1-16.
• MARENGO, D., ANGELO FABRIS, M., LONGOBARDI, C. ve SETTANNI, M. (2022). Smartphone And Social Media Use Contributed to Individual Tendencies Towards Social Media Addiction in Italian Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Addictive Behaviors, 126(March), 1-5.
• MARENGO, D., LONGOBARDI, C., FABRIS, M. A. ve SETTANNI, M. (2018). Highly-Visual social media And Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Body Image Concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 82(May), 63-69.
• MARENGO, D., POLETTI, I. ve SETTANNI, M. (2020). The Interplay Between Neuroticism, Extraversion, And Social Media Addiction in Young Adult Facebook Users: Testing the Mediating Role of Online Activity Using Objective Data. Addictive Behaviors, 102(106150 (March)), 1-5.
• MARGARYAN, A., LITTLEJOHN, A. ve VOJT, G. (2011). Are Digital Natives A Myth or Reality? University Students’ Use of Digital Technologies. Computers & Education, 56(2), 429-440.
• MCCARTHY, J. (2010). Blended Learning Environments: Using Social Networking Sites to Enhance the First Year Experience. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(6), 729-740.
• MINDRILA, D. (2017). Exploratory Factor Analysis: An Overview. Içinde D. Mindrila (Ed.), Education in a Competitive and Globalizing World: Exploratory Factor Analysis, Applications in School Improvement Research (First Edition, ss. 1-26). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
• MOLL, R. ve NIELSEN, W. (2017). Development And Validation of a social media and Science Learning Survey. International Journal of Science Education: Part B, 7(1), 14-30.
• MONACIS, L., DE PALO, V., GRIFFITHS, M. D. ve SINATRA, M. (2017). Social Networking Addiction, Attachment Style, And Validation of The Italian Version of The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178-186.
• MOQBEL, M. ve KOCK, N. (2018). Unveiling The Dark Side of Social Networking Sites: Personal and Work-Related Consequences of Social Networking Site Addiction. Information & Management, 55(1), 109-119.
• MORENO, M., RIDDLE, K., JENKINS, M. C., SINGH, A. P., ZHAO, Q. ve EICKHOFF, J. (2022). Measuring Problematic Internet Use, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Social Media Addiction in Young Adults: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 8(1), 1-13.
• MURRAY, K. ve KATH, W. (2019). Attitudes to Social Media Use as a Platform for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) within Occupational Therapy. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(4), 545-559.
• MUTLU, H. T., SİNE NAZLI, R. ve SARI, G. (2022). Akademisyenlerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Saha Araştırması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 14(2), 344-356.
• NAPOLI, J. ve EWING, M. T. (2000). The Net Generation: An Analysis of Lifestyles, Attitudes and Media Habits. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 13(1), 21-34.
• NETEMEYER, R. G., BEARDEN, W. O. ve SHARMA, S. (2003). Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications (First Edition). Sage Publications, Inc.
• NUR, M. R. O., ARDİTA, Y. ve OLİVİERA, B. (2020). Digital Native Students’ Perspectives of Online Games Use for Learning Grammar in English Class at Avizena.Edu Private Course. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 3(1), 24-30.
• OH, S. ve PARK, S. (2022). Smartphone Usage Patterns and Their Physical, Psychological, and Cyber-Behavioral Predictors Among Adolescents in South Korea. Journal of School Health, May, 1-10.
• OHME, J. (2019). When Digital Natives Enter the Electorate: Political Social Media Use Among First-Time Voters and Its Effects on Campaign Participation. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 16(2), 119-136.
• OKUR, A. ve DEMİRDÖVEN, G. H. (2017). Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Bilgiye Ulaşma Tercihlerine Yönelik Görüşleri (Sakarya Cemil Meriç Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi Örneği). Sakarya University Journal of Education, 7(3), 483-497.
• ÖZAYDIN, A. ve KUMRAL, O. (2021). Dijital Yerlilerin Gözünden Dijital Okuryazarlık. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi (JRES), 8(2), 362-377.
• ÖZDEMİR, Z. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 7(2), 91-105.
• ÖZGÜR GÜLER, E., VEYSİKARANİ, D. ve KESKİN, D. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(1), 1-13.
• ÖZHAVZALI, M. ve YAPRAK, N. (2019). Instagram Kullanma Alışkanlıklarının Dijital Yerliler Açısından Araştırılması: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 7(2), 1034-1058.
• PAK, R., ROVIRA, E., MCLAUGHLIN, A. C. ve LEIDHEISER, W. (2017). Evaluating Attitudes and Experience with Emerging Technology in Cadets and Civilian Undergraduates. Military Psychology, 29(5), 448-455.
• PALFREY, J. ve GASSER, U. (2008). Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives (First Edition). Basic Books.
• PARLAK SERT, H. ve BAŞKALE, H. (2022). Students’ Increased Time Spent on social media, And Their Level of Coronavirus Anxiety During the Pandemic Predict Increased Social Media Addiction. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 39(3), 1-13.
• PEDRÓ, F. (2011). The New Millennium Learners: Challenging our Views on ICT and Learning. IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2432, Inter-American Development Bank.
• POTAS, N., AÇIKALIN, N. Ş., ERÇETİN, Ş. Ş., KOÇTÜRK, N., NEYİŞCİ, N., ÇEVİK, M. S. ve GÖRGÜLÜ, D. (2022). Technology Addiction of Adolescents in the COVID-19 Era: Mediating Effect of Attitude on Awareness and Behavior. Current Psychology, 41(4), 1687-1703.
• PRENSKY, M. (2001a). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
• PRENSKY, M. (2001b). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 2: Do They Really Think Differently? On the Horizon, 9(6), 1-6.
• PRENSKY, M. (2009). Innovate: Journal of Online Education H. Sapiens Digital: From Digital Immigrants and Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom. Innovate: Journal of Online Education, 5(3-Article 1), 1-10.
• QUALMAN, E. (2009). Socialnomics: How social media Transforms the Way We Live and Do Business (First Edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• RICE, R. E. ve KATZ, J. E. (2003). Comparing Internet and Mobile Phone Usage: Digital Divides of Usage, Adoption, and Dropouts. Telecommunications Policy, 27(8-9), 597-623.
• ŞAD, S. N. ve DONMUŞ, V. (2017). Öğretmenlik Mesleği Bağlamında Dijital Yerlilik, Dijital Göçmenlik ve Dijital Melezlik. Elektronik Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(11), 11-22.
• SAĞAR, M. E. (2019). Yetişkin Bireylerde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının İrdelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Eğitim Dergisi, 1(1), 29-42.
• ŞAHİN, M. C. (2009). Yeni Binyılın Öğrencileri’nin Özellikleri. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 155-172.
• ŞAHİN, M. C. (2010). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Yeni Binyılın Öğrencileri (OECD-New Millennium Learners) Ölçütlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi [Doktora Tezi]. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• SARITAŞ, E., BARUTÇU, S. ve ADIGÜZEL, D. Ü. (2017). Dijital Yerlilerin Sosyal Ağlardaki Akran İletişimi ve Tüketim Davranışları. Kesit Akademi Dergisi (The Journal of Kesit Academy), 3(12), 695-708.
• SATICI, B. (2019). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve İyilik Hali: Romantik İlişkilerde Mükemmeliyetçiliğin Aracılık Rolü. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(20), 699-727.
• SCHERMELLEH-ENGEL, K., MOOSBRUGGER, H. ve MÜLLER, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• SERAPHIN, H. ve GREEN, S. (2019). The Significance of The Contribution of Children to Conceptualising the Destination of The Future. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 544-559.
• SHENSA, A., ESCOBAR-VIERA, C. G., SIDANI, J. E., BOWMAN, N. D., MARSHAL, M. P. ve PRIMACK, B. A. (2017). Problematic Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Young Adults: A Nationally-Representative Study. Social Science & Medicine, 182(June), 150-157.
• SMITH, E. E., KAHLKE, R. ve JUDD, T. (2020). Not Just Digital Natives: Integrating Technologies in Professional Education Contexts. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(3), 1-14.
• SOH, F., SMITH, K. ve DHILLON, G. (2022). The Relationship between Social Capital and Social Media Addiction: The Role of Privacy Self-Efficacy. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 26, 1-16.
• SRIWILAI, K. ve CHAROENSUKMONGKOL, P. (2016). Face it, don’t Facebook it: Impacts of Social Media Addiction on Mindfulness, Coping Strategies and the Consequence on Emotional Exhaustion. Stress & Health, 32(4), 427-434.
• SUJANSKY, J. G. ve FERRI-REED, J. (2009). Keeping The Millennials: Why Companies Are Losing Billions in Turnover to This Generation- and What to Do About It (First Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• SUN, Y. ve ZHANG, Y. (2021). A Review of Theories and Models Applied in Studies of Social Media Addiction and Implications for Future Research. Içinde Addictive Behaviors (ss. 1-10). Elsevier Ltd.
• SZETO, E., CHENG, A. Y.-N. ve HONG, J.-C. (2016). Learning with social media: How do Preservice Teachers Integrate YouTube and social media in Teaching? Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(1), 35-44.
• TABACHNICK, B. G. ve FIDELL, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (Fifth Edition). Pearson Education.
• TAPSCOTT, D. (1999). New Authorities of The Digital Age. Leader to Leader, 13, 6-9.
• TAPSCOTT, D. (2009). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your (First Edition). McGraw-Hill.
• TEO, T. (2015). Do Digital Natives Differ by Computer Self-Efficacy and Experience? An Empirical Study. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(7), 1725-1739.
• TEO, T., KABAKÇI YURDAKUL, I. ve URSAVAŞ, Ö. F. (2016). Exploring The Digital Natives Among Pre-Service Teachers in Turkey: A Cross-Cultural Validation of The Digital Native Assessment Scale. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(6), 1231-1244.
• TERZİOĞLU, E. (2022). A Study of Digital Natives’ Tendency to Digital Games in the Context of the Consumer Society. Current Perspectives in Social Sciences, 26(1), 15-20.
• THOMPSON, P. (2013). The Digital Natives as Learners: Technology Use Patterns and Approaches to Learning. Computers & Education, 65(July), 12-33.
• TOMBUL, I. (2020). Argümantatif Yaklaşımla Dijital Yerliler ve Dijital Göçmenleri Tartışmak. Ege Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Yeni Düşünceler Hakemli E-Dergisi, 14, 134-155.
• TORAMAN, L. ve USTA, E. (2018). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Dijital Yerli ve Siber Zorba Olma Durumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 57-77.
• TRAN, T., HO, M.-T., PHAM, T.-H., NGUYEN, M.-H., NGUYEN, K.-L. P., VUONG, T.-T., NGUYEN, T.-H. T., NGUYEN, T.-D., NGUYEN, T.-L., KHUC, Q., LA, V.-P. ve VUONG, Q.-H. (2020). How Digital Natives Learn and Thrive in The Digital Age: Evidence from An Emerging Economy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(9), 1-24.
• TUFAN, F. (2017). Interpersonal Interaction Process for Distance Learners: An Example from Turkey in Line with The Concepts of Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi Akademia, 5(2), 294-310.
• TÜLAY, A. ve ERDİNÇ, B. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılıkları. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 59-74.
• TUTGUN-ÜNAL, A. (2019). İletişim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığının İncelenmesi: Üsküdar Üniversitesi Örneği. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2, 49-80.
• TUTGUN-ÜNAL, A. ve DENİZ, L. (2015). Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(21), 51-70.
• ÜNAL, S. (2018). Are the New Information Environments of the 21st Century Threat or Opportunity? Information Overload and Anxiety in Digital Natives. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 8(4), 309-342.
• URAL, A. ve KILIÇ, İ. (2013). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi (4. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
• URSONIU, S., SERBAN, C. L., GIURGI-ONCU, C., RIVIS, I.-A., BUCUR, A., PAPAVA, I. ve BREDICEAN, A.-C. (2022). Validation of the Romanian Version of the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF) Among Undergraduate Medical Students. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 18, 1195-1205.
• USLU, M. (2021). Türkiye’de Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Kullanımı Araştırması. Turkish Academic Research Review, 6(2), 370-396.
• UYAROĞLU, A. K., ERGİN, E., TOSUN, A. S. ve ERDEM, Ö. (2022). A Cross-Sectional Study of Social Media Addiction and Social and Emotional Loneliness in University Students in Turkey. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 51(4), 1-9.
• VAN DEN EIJNDEN, R. J. J. M., LEMMENS, J. S. ve VALKENBURG, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale: Validity and Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior, 61(August), 478-487.
• WANG, C., LEE, M. K. O. ve HUA, Z. (2015). A Theory of Social Media Dependence: Evidence from Microblog Users. Decision Support Systems, 69(January), 40-49.
• WANG, H.-Y., SIGERSON, L. ve CHENG, C. (2019). Digital Nativity and Information Technology Addiction: Age Cohort Versus Individual Difference Approaches. Computers in Human Behavior, 90(1), 1-9.
• WARDEN, C. A., YI-SHUN, W., STANWORTH, J. O. ve CHEN, J. F. (2022). Millennials’ Technology Readiness and Self-Efficacy in Online Classes. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 59(2), 226-236.
• WATKINS, M. W. (2021). A Step-by-Step Guide to Exploratory Factor Analysis with SPSS (First Edition). Routledge.
• WATSON, J. C., PROSEK, E. A. ve GIORDANO, A. L. (2022). Distress Among Adolescents: An Exploration of Mattering, Social Media Addiction, and School Connectedness. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 40(1), 95-107.
• WENKAI, S., XIAOHONG, W., HUIWEN, X., HUISHI, L., LIAO, S. ve FEI, H. (2022). The Role of Interpersonal Alienation in The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction and Learning Burnout Among Chinese Secondary School Students. Children’s Health Care, 51(4), 1-24.
• WICKORD, L.-C. ve QUAISER-POHL, C. (2022). Psychopathological Symptoms and Personality Traits as Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use in Different Age Groups. Behavioral Sciences, 12(2), 1-17.
• WONG, H. Y., MO, H. Y., POTENZA, M. N., CHAN, M. N. M., LAU, W. M., CHUI, T. K., PAKPOUR, A. H. ve LIN, C.-Y. (2020). Relationships between Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder, Severity of Problematic Social Media Use, Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1-13.
• WOOD, M., CENTER, H. ve PARENTEAU, S. C. (2016). Social Media Addiction and Psychological Adjustment: Religiosity and Spirituality in The Age of social media. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(9), 972-983.
• YANG, J., HUANG, R. ve KINSHUK. (2016). The Learning Preferences of Digital Learners In K-12 Schools in China. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(4), 1047-1064.
• YANG, S.-Y., WANG, Y.-C., LEE, Y.-C., LIN, Y.-L., HSIEH, P.-L. ve LIN, P.-H. (2022). Does Smartphone Addiction, Social Media Addiction, and/or Internet Game Addiction Affect Adolescents’ Interpersonal Interactions? Healthcare, 10(5), 1-14.
• YANIKKEREM, E. ve KARAKUŞ SELÇUK, A. (2019). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Girişimcilik Eğilimi ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığını Etkileyen Faktörler. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 15-30.
• YILDIZ, E. ve KOÇAK, O. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Algılanan Sosyal Destek Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 3(3), 1102-1126.
• YILMAZ KARAOĞLAN, F. G. ve BİNAY EYUBOĞLU, F. A. (2018). Öğretmenlerin Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Tutumları, Dijital Yerli Olma Durumları ve Teknoloji Kabulü Arasındaki İlişkinin Birbirleri ile ve Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(1), 1-17.
• YUE, H., ZHANG, X., CHENG, X., LIU, B. ve BAO, H. (2022). Measurement Invariance of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale Across Genders. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(879259), 1-8.
• YUKAY-YÜKSEL, M., ÇİNİ, A. ve YASAK, B. (2020). Genç Yetişkinlerde Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı, Yalnızlık ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 66-85.
• YÜKSEL-SAHİN, F. ve ÖZTOPRAK, Ö. (2019). Ergenlerin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Düzeylerinin Benlik Saygısına Göre İncelenmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 363-377.
• ZHANG, B., PENG, G., LIU, C., ZHANG, Z. J. ve JASIMUDDIN, S. M. (2022). Adaptation Behaviour in Using One-Stop Smart Governance Apps: An Exploratory Study Between Digital Immigrants and Digital Natives. Electronic Markets, 32(4), 1-20.
• ZHAO, J., JIA, T., WANG, X., XIAO, Y. ve WU, X. (2022). Risk Factors Associated with Social Media Addiction: An Exploratory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(837766), 1-7.
• ZHU, X. ve XIONG, Z. (2022). Exploring Association Between Social Media Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Self-Presentation Online Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13(896762), 1-9.
• ZIVNUSKA, S., CARLSON, J. R., CARLSON, D. S., HARRIS, R. B. ve HARRIS, K. J. (2019). Social Media Addiction and Social Media Reactions: The Implications for Job Performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(6), 746-760.