Birinci Mesajcılar ve Reseptörlerine Genel Bakış

Öz

Sinyal molekülleri, hücreler arasında biyolojik bilginin taşınmasında ve uygun yanıtın oluşmasında kilit rol oynamaktadır. Bir sinyal molekülü reseptörüne bağlandığında hücre çoğalması, farklılaşması, hareketi, metabolizması ve davranışı gibi hayati olayların düzenlenmesi için hücre içi yanıtlar başlatır. Hücre içi sinyal moleküllerinin etki mekanizması reseptörlerin lokalizasyonundan etkilenir. Reseptörler, hedef hücrenin zarında, sitoplazmasında veya nukleusunda yer alan, istenen etkinin oluşmasını sağlayan proteinlerdir. Sinyalizasyon için sentezlenen birinci mesajcılar yapılarına göre hücre içinde veya hücre membranında yer alan reseptörlerine bağlanır. Ligand reseptöre bağlandığında reseptörün özelliklerini değiştirerek hücrede gerekli uyarının oluşmasını sağlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• reseptör
• ligand
• hidrofilik
• receptor
• hydrophilic
• : receptor

Overview of Primary Messengers and Their Receptors

Öz

Signaling molecules play a key role in the transport of biological information between cells and in the formation of an appropriate response. When a signal molecule binds to its receptor, it initiates intracellular responses for the regulation of vital events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, movement, metabolism and behavior. The mechanism of action of intracellular signaling molecules is affected by the localization of the receptors. Receptors are proteins located in the membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell, enabling the desired effect to occur. The first messengers synthesized for signaling bind to their receptors located in the cell or on the cell membrane, depending on their structure.When the ligand binds to the receptor, it changes the properties of the receptor and provides the necessary stimulation in the cell.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• receptor
• ligand
• hydrophilic

Kaynakça

1. [1] Cooper G., & Hausman R. (2019). Hücre moleküler yaklaşım (7.Baskı). 601-647
2. [2] Kırdağ, M., Sel, T. & Altıntaş, A., (2019), Hücre Sinyal Proteinleri ve Biyo-Haberleşme, Eurasian Journel of Health Sciences 2(2):48-55, Erişim Adresi: H__cre Sinyal Proteinleri ve Biyo-Haberle__me[#524817]-726328.pdf
3. [3] Skowron Kj., Booker K., Cheng C., Creed S., David BP., Lazzara BP., Lian A., Siddiqui Z., Speltz TE., Moore TW. (2019). Steroid Receptor/Coactivator Binding Inhibitors: An Update. Mol Cell Endocrinol. August 01; 493: 110471. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.110471.
4. [4] Pepeler MS, Savaş B, Pamukçuoğlu M, et al. (2019). Expression of vitamin D receptor in colorectal cancer staging and its effects on prognosis. The Turkish Journal of Academic Gastroenterology;18:101-108. DOI: 10.17941/agd.601187.
5. [5] Tuncer Z., Kozacı LD. (2022). Büyüme Faktörleri, Reseptörleri ve Sinyal İletim Yolları. Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 91-107.
6. [6] Syrovatkina V, Alegre K, Dey R, Huang X. (2016). Regulation, signaling and physiological functions of g-proteins. J Mol Biol. September 25; 428(19): 3850–3868. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.002.
7. [7] Hilger D, Masureel M, Kobilka BK. (2018). Structure and dynamics of GPCR signaling complexes. Nat Struct Mol Biol. January ; 25(1): 4–12. doi:10.1038/s41594-017-0011-7
8. [8] Santiago LJ., Abrol R. (2019) Understanding G Protein Selectivity of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Using Computational Methods. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20, 5290; doi:10.3390/ijms20215290.

9. [9] Michael J. Capper & Daniel Wacker, 2018. "How the ubiquitous GPCR receptor family selectively activates signalling pathways," Nature, Nature, vol. 558(7711), pages 529-530, June.
10. [10] Sayın A. (2008). Dopamin Reseptörleri ve Sinyal Ýletim Özellikleri. (Klinik Psikiyatri ;11:125-134).
11. [11] D McCorvy J, L Roth B. (2015). Structure and Function of Serotonin G protein Coupled Receptors. Pharmacol Ther. June ; 150: 129–142. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.
12. [12] Shulpekova, Y.O.; Nechaev, V.M.; Popova, I.R.; Deeva, T.A.; Kopylov, A.T.; Malsagova, K.A.; Kaysheva, A.L.; Ivashkin, V.T. (2021). Food Intolerance: The Role of Histamine. Nutrients, 13, 3207. https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu13093207.
13. [13] Huettner J. (2015). Glutamate receptor pores. The Journal of Physiology, 593.1 pp 49–59.
14. [14] Zhu H, Gouaux E. (2021). Architecture and assembly mechanism of native glycine receptors. Nature. November ; 599(7885): 513–517. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04022-z.
15. [15] Gong P, Hong H, Perkins E. (2015). Ionotropic GABA receptor antagonism-induced adverse outcome pathways for potential neurotoxicity biomarkers. Biomarkers in MedicineVolume 9, Issue 11, November, Pages 1225-1239. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm.15.58
16. [16] M. V. Chao. (2003). Neurotrophins And Their Receptors: A Convergence Point For Many Signalling Pathways. Nature Reviews Neuroscience volume 4, pages299–309.
17. [17] Yediel Aras Ş, Karadağ Sarı E. (2017). NGF (Sinir Büyüme Faktörü) ve Fonksiyonları. MAE Vet Fak Derg, 2 (1): 91-96, DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.296782.
18. [18] Du, Z., & Lovly, C. M. (2018). Mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. Molecular Cancer, 17(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-018-0782-4.
19. [19] Rocco, M. L., Soligo, M., Manni, L., & Aloe, L. (2018). Nerve growth factor: early studies and recent clinical trials. Current neuropharmacology, 16(10), 1455–1465. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180412092859.
20. [20] Jin W. (2020). Regulation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease. J. Clin. Med., 9, 257; doi:10.3390/jcm9010257.
21. [21] Yarım GF, Yarım M, Kazak F, Torunoğlu Eİ. (2017). Epidermal Büyüme Faktörünün Nöroprotektif Etkileri. F.Ü.Sağ.Bil.Tıp.Derg. 31 (2): 99 - 103 http://www.fusabil.org.
22. [22] Pottier, C., Fresnais, M., Gilon, M., Jérusalem, G., Longuespée, R., & Sounni, N. E. (2020). Tyrosine kinase ınhibitors in cancer: Breakthrough and challenges of targeted therapy. Cancers, 12(3), 731. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030731.
23. [23] Chung, J.Y.-F.; Chan, M.K.-K.; Li, J.S.-F.; Chan, A.S.-W.; Tang, P.C.-T.; Leung, K.-T.; To, K.-F.; Lan, H.-Y.; Tang, P.M.-K. (2021). TGF-β Signaling: From Tissue Fibrosis to Tumor Microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22, 7575. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijms22147575.
24. [24] Ma, N., Teng, X., Zheng, Q., & Chen, P. (2019). The regulatory mechanism of p38/MAPK in the chondrogenic differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal Of Orthopaedic Surgery And Research, 14(1), 434. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1505-2.