Lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and axial lenght changes in patients with age-related cataract

Öz

Lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and axial lenght changes in patients with age-related cataractPurpose: To assess lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and axial length in patients with age-relatedcataract using ultrasound biometry and compare with the normal eyes. Materials And Methods: Patientswith age-related cataract were included in this retrospective study. A group of elderly subjects with a clearlens and normal visual acuity served as the control group. Lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and axiallength were evaluated by using ultrasound biometry. Results: Seventy nine patients with age-related cataract(116 eyes) were evaluated. The control group comprised 40 eyes (20 subjects) with a clear lens and normalvisual acuity. There were significant differences in lens thickness and anterior chamber depth between agerelated cataract and clear lenses. Lens thickness was significantly greater in clear lenses when comparedwith age-related cataract (p<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in lens thickness accordingto different types of cataract (p<0.05). Lens thickness was significantly less in posterior subcapsular cataractthan nuclear and karma types of cataract (p=0.021; p=0.016). The anterior chamber depth decreased morein eyes with cortical cataract although there were not statistically significant differences in axial length andanterior chamber depth according to different types of cataract. The anterior chamber depth was inverselycorrelated with lens thickness (r=-0.05; p=0.001). Conclusions: Lens thickness was significantly greater inclear lenses when compared with age-related cataract. Lens thickness was significantly less in posteriorsubcapsular cataract than nuclear and karma types of cataract. A significant decrease in anterior chamberdepth was found with the increase in lens thickness

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cataract
• crystalline lens
• ultrasonography

Senil Kataraktı Olan Hastalarda Lens Kalınlığı, Ön Kamara Derinliği ve Aksiyel Uzunluk Değişiklikleri

Öz

AMAÇ: Senil kataraktı olan hastalarda, ultrason biyometri kullanarak, lens kalınlığını (LK), ön kamara derinliğini ve aksiyel uzunluğu değerlendirmek ve normal gözlerle karşılaştırmak. Saydam lensi ve normal görme keskinliği olan yaşlı kişilerden oluşan bir grup kontrol grubu olarak kullanıldı. Lens kalınlığı, ön kamara derinliği ve aksiyel uzunluk ultrason biyometri kullanarak değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Senil kataraktı olan 79 hasta (116 göz) değerlendirildi. Kontrol grubu saydam lensi olan ve normal görme keskinliğine sahip 40 gözden (20 kişi) oluşmaktaydı. Senil katarakt ve saydam lensler arasında lens kalınlığı ve ön kamara derinliğinde anlamlı farklar vardı. Lens kalınlığı, senil katarakt ile karşılaştırıldığında, saydam lenslerde anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı (p<0.01). Lens kalınlıkları arasında katarakt tipine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır (p<0.05). Lens kalınlığı, arka subkapsüler kataraktta, nükleer katarakt ve karma tipte katarakttan anlamlı şekilde düşüktür (p=0.021; p=0.016). Ön kamara derinliği ve aksiyel uzunluk arasında katarakt tipine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamasına rağmen kortikal kataraktta ön kamara derinliği daha azalmıştır. Ön kamara derinliği ile lens kalınlığı arasında negatif yönlü ilişki bulunmaktadır (r=-0.05; p=0.001). TARTIŞMA: Lens kalınlığı, senil katarakt ile karşılaştırıldığında, saydam lenslerde anlamlı olarak daha fazlaydı. Lens kalınlığı arka subkapsüler kataraktta, nükleer ve mix tipte katarakttan anlamlı şekilde düşüktür. Lens kalınlığında artışla birlikte ön kamara derinliğinde anlamlı bir azalma olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katarakt
• kristalin lens
• ultrasonografi

Kaynakça

1. Hoffer KJ. Axial dimension of the human cataractous lens. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111(7): 914–8.
2. Adler FH. Physiology of the Eye, 4th ed. Mosby – Year Book: St Louis, MO, 1965; 280.
3. Roters S, Hellmich M, Szurman P. Prediction of axial length on the basis of vitreous body length and lens thickness. Retrospective echobiometric study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002; 28(5): 853–9.
4. Koretz JF, Kaufman PL, Neider MW, Goeckner PA. Accomodation and presbyopia in the human eye aging of the anterior segment. Vis Res 1989; 29(12): 1685–92.
5. Kashima K, Trus BL, Unser M, Edwards PA, Datiles MB. Aging studies on normal lens using the scheimpflug slitlamp camera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993; 34(1): 263–9.
6. Klein BEK, Klein R, Moss SE. Correlates of lens thickness: the beaver dam eye study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39(8): 1507–10.
7. Sasaki H, Hockwin O, Kasuga T, Nagai K, Sakamoto Y, Sasaki K. An index for human lens transparency related to age and lens layer: comparison between normal volunteers and diabetics patients with still clear lenses. Ophthalmic Res 1999; 31(2): 93–103.
8. Pierro L, Brancate R, Zaganeli E, Guarisco L, Calori G. Correlation of lens thickness with blodd glucose control in diabetes mellitus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1996; 74(6): 539–41.

9. Logstrup N, Sjolie AK, Kyvik KO, Green A. Lens thickness and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; a population based twin study. Br J Ophthalmol 1996; 80(5): 405–8.
10. Johns KJ, Feder RS, Hamill MB, Miller-Meeks MJ, Rosenfeld SI, Perry PE, et al. Lens and Cataract: Section 11, Basic and clinical science course. San Francisco, CA, American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2002-2003. p. 42-3.
11. Pradhan D, Hennig A, Kumar J, Foster A. A prospective study of 413 cases of lens-induced glaucoma in Nepal. Indian J Ophthalmol 2001; 49(2):103–7.
12. Papaconstantinou D, Georgalas I, Kourtis N, Krassas A, Diagourtas A, Koutsandrea C, Georgopoulos G. Lens-induced glaucoma in the elderly. Clin Inter Aging 2009; 4(1):331–6.
13. Liu CJ-L, Cheng C-Y, Wu C-W, Lau L-I, Chou JC, Hsu W-M. Factors predicting intraocular pressure control after phacoemulsification in angle-closure glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124(10):1390–4.
14. Wang JK, Lai PC. Unusual presentation of angle- closure glaucoma treated by phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004; 30(6):1371–73.
15. Asbell PA, Dualan I, Mindel J, Brocks D, Ahmad M, Epstein S. Age-related cataract. Lancet 2005; 365(9459):599–609.
16. Lackner B, Schmidinger G, Skorpik C. Validity and repeatability of anterior chamber depth measurements with Pentacam and Orbscan. Optom Vis Sci 2005; 82(9):858–61.
17. Lowe RF. Causes of shallow anterior chamber in primary angle-closure glaucoma; ultrasonic biometry of normal and angle-closure eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 1969; 67(1):87–93.
18. Xu L, Cao WF, Wang YX, Chen CX, Jonas JB. Anterior chamber depth and chamber angle and their associations with ocular and general parameters: the Beijing eye study. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145(5):929–36.
19. Alsbirk PH. Anterior chamber depth in Greenland Eskimos. I. A population study of variation with age and sex. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1974; 52(4):551–64.
20. Özdemir M, Gizir H. Normal Gözlerde Yaþ ve Cinsiyetle Ýliþkili Biyometrik Deðiþiklikler. Age- and Gender-Related Biometric Changes in Normal Eyes. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2011;31(5):1139-44.
21. Lam S. Comparison of age-derived lens thickness to optically measured lens thickness in IOL power calculation: a clinical study. J Refract Surg. 2012 Feb;28(2):154-5.
22. Praveen MR, Vasavada AR, Shah SK, Shah CB, Patel UP, Dixit NV, et al. Lens thickness of Indian eyes: impact of isolated lens opacity, age, axial length, and influence on anterior chamber depth. Eye 2009; 23(7): 1542–8.
23. Nordmann J, Eisenkopf M. The thickness of the human lens cortex in the different types of senile cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1976; 15(5): 425–7.
24. Friedman DS, Gazzard G, Foster P, Devereux J, Broman A, Quigley H, et al. Ultrasonographic biomicroscopy, Scheimpflug photography, and novel provocative tests in contralateral eyes of Chinese patients initially seen with acute angle closure. Arch Ophthalmol 2003; 121(5):633–42.
25. Sng CC, Foo LL, Cheng CY, Allen JC Jr, He M, Krishnaswamy G, et al. Determinants of Anterior Chamber Depth: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2012 Jun; 119(6):1143-50.
26. Xu L, Cao WF, Wang YX, Chen CX, Jonas JB. Anterior chamber depth and chamber angle and their associations with ocular and general parameters: the Beijing eye study. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145(5):929–36.
27. Foster PJ, Alsbirk PH, Baasanhu J, Munkhbayar D, Uranchimeg D, Johnson GJ. Anterior chamber depth in Mongolians: variation with age, sex, and method of measurement. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 124(1):53–60.
28. Zhao JL. Relation between the depth of the anterior chamber and anterior chamber angle in primary angle closure glaucoma. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1986; 22(1):19–23.
29. Chen Y, Bao Y, Pei X. Morphologic changes in the anterior chamber in patients with cortical or nuclear age-related cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011; 37(1):77–82.
30. Gönen T, Keskinbora K, Horozoðlu F, Sever Ö, Yaþar M. Glokomsuz Kataraktlý Gözlerde Ön Kamara Derinliðinin Komplikasyonsuz Fakoemülsifikasyon
31. Cerrahisi Sonrasý Göz içi Basýncýna Etkisi. Effect of
32. Anterior Chamber Depth on Intraocular Pressure after
33. Uneventful Phacoemulsification Surgery in
34. Nonglaucomatous Eyes with Cataract. J Ophthalmol 2011;41(4):207-12.