Determination of The Relationship Between The Spectral Reflections of The Sugar Beet and The Heavy Metal Contents in The Soils

Abstract

When plant production is carried out in soil contaminated with heavy metals, this is included in the food chain and adversely affects all living systems, especially human and animal health. For this reason, the contamination of heavy metals which can be added to the soil environment naturally and/or artificially is one of the obligatory subjects to be controlled and followed especially in agricultural areas. Today, spectral techniques which are practical, fast and environmentally friendly methods are used intensively to identify heavy metal pollution or high pollution potential areas in different studies.  In this study, it was aimed to determine of Ni and Cr accumulation from geogenesis origin to spectral signatures of sugar beet leaves by using Landsat – 7 ETM+ multispectral image in TURKEY - Konya region. The mean values of the spectral reflections of sugar beet belonging to normal parcels and contaminating parcels were statistically compared with the ANOVA test (p< 0.05). The study results showed the change in ~ 560 – 630 – 780  nm  wavelengths with graphical comparison of the mean reflectance, but, we determined that this change was not due to the heavy metal content of the soil and there was no statistically significant difference in the leaf spectral reflectances compared to the non-contaminated zones. Thus, it is necessary to examine the content of other nutrient elements affecting the mean reflection, and, depending on the risk of continuation of heavy metal accumulation, it is recommended to analyze the soil of the region periodically.

Keywords

• ANOVA,Heavy metal,Landsat – 7,Spectral reflectance,Sugar beet

Şeker Pancarı Yaprak Spektral Yansımalarında Meydana Gelen Değişimin Topraklardaki Farklı Seviyede Ağır Metal İçeriklerine Bağlılığının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Ağır metaller ile kirlenmiş topraklarda gerçekleştirilen bitkisel üretimler gıda zincirine dahil olmakta ve tüm yaşam sistemlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, toprakta doğal ve / veya yapay yollarla  meydana gelebilen ağır metal  kirliliği, özellikle tarım alanlarında kontrol edilmesi ve izlenmesi gereken zorunlu konulardan biridir. Günümüzde, pratik, hızlı ve çevre dostu yöntemler olan spektral teknikler, farklı çalışmalarda ağır metal kirliliği veya kirlilik potansiyeli olan alanları belirlemek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Konya – Çumra bölgesinde jeogenesis kaynaklı Ni ve Cr ağır metal birikiminin, bölgede geniş bir alanda yetiştirilen şeker pancarı bitkisi yapraklarının spektral imzasına etkilerinin Landsat-7 ETM+ çok bantlı uydu görüntüsü ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ağır metal birikimi belirlenen parseller ile kirlilik olmayan parsellere ait şeker pancarı yaprak spektral yansımalarının ortalama değerleri ANOVA (p< 0.05) testi ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma ile ortalam spktral imza eğrilerinde grafiksel olarak ~ 560 – 630 – 780  nm dalgaboylarında yansıma farklılıları oluştuğu, ancak Ni ve Cr ile kontamine olmuş topraklardan elde edilen yaprak spektral yansımalarında kontaminasyon olmayan bölgelere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucu, yansımaları etkileyen diğer besin elementi içeriklerinin grafiksel değişimin nedeni olarak ayrıca incelenmesi gerektiği ve ağır metal birikiminin devam etmesi riskine bağlı olarak bölge topraklarının belli aralıklar ile analiz edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır Metal,ANOVA,Landsat – 7,Spektral yansıma,Şeker pancarı

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