Thiacloprid ve Spiromesifen’in Avcı Akar Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’ye Toksik Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada thiacloprid ve spiromesifen'in avcı akar Amblyseius swirskii 'ye akut etkisi yanında bazı biyolojik dönemleri üzerine etkileri de incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla akut etki çalışmalarında thiacloprid'in ve spiromesifen'in tarla dozu (T) ve ayrıca spiromesifen’in yarı tarla uygulama dozu (T/2) kullanılmıştır. Akut etki incelenirken, ilaçlar A. swirskii larvalarına direkt uygulama ve kuru rezidü olmak üzere iki yöntem ile uygulanmıştır. Biyolojik özelliklere yumurtaya etkiler incelenirken doğrudan uygulama yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve bireyler günlük kontrol edilerek gelişme süreleri, yumurta verimleri ve avcı akarın ergin ömür uzunluğu belirlenmiştir. Akut etki çalışmalarında, thiacloprid'in T dozunun direkt uygulama ve kuru rezidü için sırasıyla ortalama etkisi %38.47 ve 57.82; spiromesifen'in T dozu için %86.42 ve 94.44 ve spiromesifen’in (T/2) dozu için %10.23 ve 70.48 olmuştur. Thiacloprid (T) ve spiromesifen (T ve T/2) ve saf su (kontrol) uygulanan A. swirskii yumurtalarının tamamı 72 saat sonra açılmıştır. Thiacloprid’in (T) dozu uygulanan A. swirskii dişi bireylerinde ortalama yaşam süresi 26.22 günken, erkek bireylerde 30.00 gün olmuştur. Spiromesifen’in (T/2) dozu uygulanan dişi bireylerde ortalama ergin ömrü 25.90 günken, erkek bireylerde 28.50 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Saf su uygulanan (kontrol grubu) A. swirskii bireylerinde ise dişi ömrü 26.59 günken, erkek bireylerin ömrü 30.00 gün olmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amblyseius swirskii,spiromesifen,thiacloprid,akut etki

Toxic Effects of Thiacloprid and Spiromesifen on the Predatory Mite Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract

In this study, the acute effects of thiacloprid and spiromesifen, and effects of its on some biological stages of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were investigated. For this aim, field application dose (T) of thiacloprid, field application dose (T) and half of field application dose (T/2) of spiromesifen were used in acute effect studies. When acute effects were investigated on A. swirskii larvae, two methods were used, direct application and dry residue. The direct application method was used when examining the effects on the biological stages and eggs, and the individuals who were treated (0-24 hours old) were checked daily to determine development periods, fecundity and longevity of predatory mite. In the acute effect studies, the mean effect was 38.47 % and 57.82 % for thiacloprid (T) dose in direct application and dry residue, respectively, and 86.42 % and 94.44 % for spiromesifen T dose, 10.23 % and 70.48 % for spiromesifen (T/2) dose. All of the A. swirskii eggs applied with thiacloprid (T), spiromesifen (T and (T/2) and pure water (control) were hatched after 72 hours. The mean life span of A. swirskii females that applied thiacloprid (T) was 26.22 days while that of male was 30.00 days. The mean adult lifespan was 25.90 days in female that applied spiromesifen (T/2) doses and 28.50 days in male. In A. swirskii individuals treated with pure water (control group), female life was estimated to be 26.59 days while male individuals life was determined as 30.00 days.

Keywords

• Amblyseius swirskii,spiromesifen,thiacloprid,acute effect,chronic effect

Kaynakça

1. Abbott, M.S. 1925. A method of computing effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Enotmol. 18: 265-267
2. Akyazı, R., Ecevit, O., 2006. Seralarda Kırmızıörümcekler [Tetranychus spp. (Acarina: Tetranychidae)] İle Mücadelede Predatör Akarların Kullanımı. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 122-131. http://dergipark.gov.tr/omuanajas/issue/20229/214278
3. Alinejad, M., Kheradmand, K., Fathipour, Y., 2016. Assessment of Sublethal Effects of Spirodiclofen on Biological Performance of The Predatory Mite, Amblyseius swirskii. Systematic and Applied Acarology 21(3), 375-384. https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-and-applied-acarology/volume-21/issue-3/saa.21.3.12/Assessment-of-sublethal-effects-of-spirodiclofen-on-biological-performance-of/10.11158/saa.21.3.12.short
4. Anonymous, 2017, Örtüaltı Entegre Mücadele Teknik Talimatı. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/Entegre/%C3%B6rt%C3%BC%20alt%C4%B1%20entegre.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 28/01/2019
5. Ay, R., & Gürkan, M. O. 2005. Resistance To Bifenthrin And Resistance Mechanisms of Different Strains of The Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) From Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 33(3), 237-244. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02979860
6. Çağatay, N. S., Menault, P., Riga, M., Vontas, J., & Ay, R. 2018. Identification and Characterization of Abamectin Resistance in Tetranychus Urticae Koch Populations From Greenhouses in Turkey. Crop Protection, 112, 112-117. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219418301455
7. Ghasemzadeh, S., & Qureshi, J. A. 2018. Demographic Analysis Of Fenpyroximate And Thiacloprid Exposed Predatory Mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PloS one, 13(11), e0206030. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0206030
8. Grbić M, Van Leeuwen, T, Clark RM, Rombauts S, Rouzé P, Grbić V, Hernández-Crespo P, Diaz I, Martinez M, Navajas M, et al.. 2011. The genome of Tetranychus urticae Reveals Herbivorous Pest Adaptations. Nature. 479,487–492. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10640

9. Haddi, K., Berger, M., Bielza, P., Cifuentes, D., Field, L. M., Gorman, K., Rapisarda, C., Williamson, M. S., Bass. C., 2012. Identification Of Mutations Associated With Pyrethroid Resistance in The Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Of The Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 42,506–513. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965174812000471
10. Hassan, S., A., 1992. Side Effect Tests For Phytoseiids And Their Rearing Methods. Meeting of the Working Group ‘‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’’ IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 15(3), 61-74.
11. Hoy, M. A., 2011. Agricultural Acarology: Introduction To İntegrated Mite Management. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.
12. James, D. G., & Price, T. S. (2002). Fecundity in Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) is Increased By Direct And Systemic Exposure To Imidacloprid. Journal of Economic Entomology, 95(4), 729-732. https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-abstract/95/4/729/917010
13. Jensen, S. E. 2000. Insecticide Resistance İn The Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 5(2), 131-146. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1009600426262.
14. Kaplan P., Yorulmaz S., Ay R., 2012. Toxicity of Insecticides And Acaricides to The Predatory Mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). International Journal of Acarology. 38(8),699–705. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01647954.2012.719031?casa_token=vppSBgbSMbsAAAAA:5yVOsHKqRUl284bnivHrBBzg4aQnw1ewVSlNW3iedUgssbdY4P5JQweotcGfPNfQMbt8SshxEeAkTw
15. Kazak, C., Şekeroğlu, E., 1992. Avcı Akar Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Heriot (Acarina, Phytoseidae)’in Kalendran ve Hatay Ekotiplerinin Laboratuvar Koşullarında Sayısal Tepkisi ve Ergin Öncesi İle Ergin Döneminin Besin Tüketim Gücü. Türkiye II. Entomoloji Kongresi, 28-31 Ocak, Adana.
16. Kurubal, D., Ay, R., 2015. Bazı Böcek Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Ve Bioinsektisitlerin Avcı Akarlar Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athia-Henriot) ve Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) Acari : Phytoseiidae)’a Toksik Etkileri. Türk. Entomol. Derg., 39(1), 79-89. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/65296
17. Marcic, D., Ogurlic, I., Mutavdzic, S., Peric, P., 2010. The Effects Of Spiromesifen On Life History Traits And Population Growth Of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp Appl Acarol 50,255-267. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-009-9316-5
18. Maryam, G. B., Katayoon, K., Reza, S., Talebi, A. A., 2017. Demographic Analysis of Sublethal Effects of Spiromesifen on Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Acaralogia 57(3), 571-580. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535677/
19. Sarıtaş, E., & Ay, R. (2016). Panonychus ulmi (Koch) ve Neoseiulus californicus (Mc Gregor)’un Üreme Gücü Ve Yaşam Sürelerine Bazı Pestisitlerin Etkisi: Hormoligosis. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 40 (1): 97-106. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/229384.
20. Sato, M.E., Silva, MZDA., Raga, A., Cangani, K.G., Veronez, B., Nicastro, R.L., 2011. Spiromesifen Toxicity To The Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae and Selectivity To The Predator Neoselius californicus. Phytoparasitica 39,437. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12600-011-0189-x
21. Lopez, L., Smith, H. A., Hoy, M. A., & Bloomquist, J. R. 2015. Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Fenpyroximate to Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 108(3),1047–1053. https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-abstract/108/3/1047/2379655?redirectedFrom=fulltext
22. Sterk, G., Hassan, S., A., Baillod, M., Bakker, F., Bigler, F., Blümel, S., Bogenschutz, H., Boller, E., Bromand, B., Brun, J., vd., 1999. Result Of The Seventh Joint Pesticide Testing Programme Carried Out By The IOBC/WPRS-Working Group ‘‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’’. BioControl 44(1),99-117.
23. TUİK, 2018. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreÇizelge.do?alt_id=1001. Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2019.