THE EFFECTS OF EGG WEIGHT, SHAPE, VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA IN THE COURSE OF INCUBATION AND EMERGED CHICK WEIGHT IN JAPANESE QUAILS

Öz

In this study, in the course of incubation, it was investigated that the relations and changes amongst the egg shell surface area (ESA), and the egg volume (EV) (both are calculated by different methods) with some traits such as egg weight (EW), egg shell temperature (EST), egg weight loss percentage (EWL), day-old chick weight (CW). A total of 565 hatching Japanese quail eggs from a ten weeks of aged flock were used. The ESA and EV were calculated by either the estimate equations which were developed by previous researchers, and the digital image analysis software tool. All of the estimated ESA and EV values, which were procured by equations, were found to be significantly different than the revealed ones by digital image analysis (P<0.0001). While the EST was lower than setter temperature in the first half of the embryonic development period, it was found to be higher during the subsequent half. As the eggs got heavier, the ESA decreased proportionally and EWL became more difficult. Significantly high negative correlations were found between ESA and ESA/:EV ratio, and again between YH and ESA:EV (P <0.01). It was also determined that a significantly high negative correlation between CW and ESA:EV ratio (P<0.01). That is, as expected, as EW increases, ESA, EV and CW are increasing, but ESA:EV ratio decreases. As ESA and EV increase, EWL decreases, it becomes difficult to achieve optimum water loss, and problems may occur to maintain thermal balance. Indirectly, these findings also denote the importance of the uniformity in terms of breeder flock and hatchery management. Depending on the egg shape differences within and between species, the use of generalized ESA and EV estimation equations may be erroneous. It was concluded that image analysis could be preferred in terms of ease of operation and accuracy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• eggshell surface area
• egg volume
• egg weight
• incubation
• water loss

JAPON BILDIRCINLARINDA KULUÇKALIK YUMURTA AĞIRLIĞI, ŞEKLİ, HACMİ VE KABUK YÜZEY ALANININ KULUÇKANIN SEYRİ VE CİVCİV ÇIKIŞ AĞIRLIĞI ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada farklı yöntemlerle hesaplanan kabuk yüzey alanı (KYA) ve hacmi (YH) ile kuluçkanın seyri içinde yumurta ağırlığı (YA), kabuk sıcaklığı (KS), oransal nem kaybı (ONK) ve civciv çıkış ağırlığı (ÇA) arasındaki ilişkiler ve değişimler incelenmiştir. On haftalık yaştaki Japon bıldırcınlarından elde edilen toplam 565 kuluçkalık yumurta kullanılmıştır. KYA ve YH, önceki araştırmacıların geliştirdiği tahmin denklemleri ve sayısal görüntü analizi yazılımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Tahmin denklemleriyle elde edilen KYA ve YH değerlerinin tamamı, sayısal görüntü analiziyle elde edilenlerden istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde farklı bulunmuştur (P<0,0001). KS gelişme döneminin ilk yarısında makine sıcaklığından daha düşükken, ikinci yarısında daha yüksek olmuştur. Yumurtalar irileştikçe, KYA oransal olarak azalmış ve ONK de zorlaşmıştır. KYA ile KYA/YH oranı ve yine YH ile KYA/YH oranı arasında önemli düzeyde yüksek negatif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur (P<0,01). ÇA ile KYA/YH arasında da önemli düzeyde yüksek negatif korelasyon belirlenmiştir (P<0,01). Yani YA arttıkça, beklendiği üzere KYA, YH ve ÇA artmakta, ancak KYA/YH azalmaktadır. KYA ve YH arttıkça ONK azalmakta, ideal nem kaybının sağlanması güçleşmekte ve ısıl dengenin korunmasında sorunlar yaşanabilmektedir. Bulgular dolaylı olarak, damızlık sürü ve kuluçka idaresi açısından üniformitenin önemine de işaret etmektedir. Tür içi ve türler arası yumurta şekil farklılıklarına bağlı olarak genelleştirilmiş KYA ve YH tahmin denklemlerinin kullanımı hatalı olabilmektedir. Çalışma kolaylığı ve doğruluk açısından görüntü analizinin tercih edilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kabuk yüzey alanı
• kuluçka
• nem kaybı
• yumurta ağırlığı
• yumurta hacmi

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