A Comparative Analysis of Gypsies’ Access to Employment Opportunities and Health Services in Pakistan and Turkey

Öz

Gypsies are an important ethnic group both in Pakistan and Turkey. They are in a more disadvantaged position as compared to other segments of society in areas such as housing, work, health, and education. In this study, employment opportunities and access to health services of gypsies living in Pakistan and Turkey are explored. The researchers delimited the study only to areas of employment and health sectors in both countries, with the aim to comparatively analyze the situation of Gypsies’ access to these services. In the study, qualitative research design and in-depth interview technique were used to collect data from respondents. The interviews were conducted with a total of 14 people (7 participants from Pakistan and 7 from Turkey respectively) including both male and female. According to the findings of the study, Gypsies both in Pakistan and Turkey are mostly excluded from employment opportunities and are pushed to work in informal sectors. Their access to health services is also very limited due to their housing conditions and active lifestyle. However, it has been observed that the conditions of Gypsies in Turkey were found better than the Pakistani ones in terms of employment opportunities and access to health services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gypsies
• employment
• health
• Pakistan
• Turkey

Pakistan ve Türkiye’deki Çingenelerin İstihdam Olanakları ve Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişimi Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Öz

Çingeneler hem Pakistan hem de Türkiye’de önemli bir etnik gruptur; barınma, çalışma, sağlık ve eğitim gibi alanlarda toplumun diğer kesimlerine göre daha dezavantajlı bir konumda bulunurlar. Bu çalışmada, Pakistan ve Türkiye’de yaşayan Çingenelerin istihdam olanakları ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimleri incelenmektedir. Araştırmacılar, istihdam ve sağlık hizmetleri alanlarıyla sınırlı kalmak kaydıyla her iki ülkedeki Çingenelerin durumunu istihdam ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişim fırsatları bağlamında karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadırlar. Çalışmada, araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel araştırma, araştırma tekniği olarak da derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler, erkek ve kadın katılımcılardan toplam 14 kişi (Pakistan ve Türkiye’de 7’şer kişi) üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre hem Pakistan hem de Türkiye’de Çingeneler, çoğu durumda istihdam fırsatlarının dışında kalmakta ve enformel sektördeki işlerde çalışmaya itilmektedirler. Barınma koşulları ve hareketli yaşam biçimlerinden dolayı sağlık hizmetlerine erişimleri de oldukça sınırlıdır. Ancak hem istihdam olanakları hem de sağlık hizmetlerine erişimle ilgili olarak Türkiye’deki Çingenelerin Pakistan’daki Çingenelere oranla daha avantajlı bir konumda oldukları görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çingeneler
• istihdam
• sağlık
• Pakistan
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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