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Pozitif Psikoterapi ve Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi Açısından Değerler Kavramının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, , 221 - 240, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1344766

Öz

Değerler, kişiyi istediği hedeflere yönlendiren, kişinin eylemlerine rehberlik eden inanç ve bilişsel yapılardır. Kişinin davranışlarına yön vermesi nedeniyle değerler kavramı başta postmodern yaklaşımlar olmak üzere psikoterapi ekollerinde son yıllarda çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu sebeple bu çalışmanın temel amacı, değerler kavramının pozitif psikoterapi (PPT) ve kabul ve kararlılık terapisi (KKT) açısından nasıl ele alındığını ve psikoterapide ne şekilde kullanıldığını incelemektir. Çalışmanın genel amacı doğrultusunda, her iki yaklaşımın insan doğasına olan bakış açısı ele alınmış ve değerler bağlamında benzer ve farklı yanlarına vurgu yapılmıştır. Her iki yaklaşımda da kişinin anlamlı bir hayat yaşaması adına değer odaklı eylemleri planlamanın belirleyici bir rolü olduğu görülse de pozitif psikoterapi ve kabul ve kararlılık terapisini birbirinden ayıran bazı hususlar vardır. En temel noktalardan bir tanesi, pozitif psikoterapide danışanın iyi ve mutlu bir hayat için olumlu duyguları olumsuzlara kıyasla daha sık yaşaması vurgusudur. Kabul ve kararlılık terapisinde ise olumsuz yaşantıyla birlikte değerler doğrultusunda bir yaşamın sürdürülebileceğidir. Diğer bir nokta ise danışan değerler doğrultusunda adım atarken farklı yapıların devreye girebileceği göz önünde bulundurularak danışana ek beceriler öğretilmesidir. Pozitif psikoterapiye kıyasla kabul ve kararlılık terapisinin bu yapıları ele alması daha bütüncül bir yaklaşım olarak görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda, ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının değerler ile çalışırken danışanın içsel deneyimlerine yönelik engellerini de açığa çıkararak incelemesi önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Allport, G. W., Vernon, P. E. ve Lindzey, G. (1960). Study of values. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Ayten, A. (2015). Erdeme dönüş: Psikoloji ve mutluluk yolu. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık
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  • Bannink, F. (2017). 201 pozitif psikoloji uygulaması: Bireyler ve toplumlarda iyi oluşu geliştirmek için. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Bojanowska, A. ve Piotrowski, K. (2021). Two levels of personality: Temperament and values and their effects on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Current Psychology, 40, 1185-1193.
  • Boniwell, I. (2008). Positive psychology in a nutshell: A balanced introduction to the science of optimal functioning. London: Personal Well-Being Centre.
  • Brooks Jr, C. W. ve Matthews, C. O. (2000). The relationship among substance abuse counselors' spiritual well‐being, values, and self‐actualizing characteristics and the impact on clients' spiritual well‐being. Journal of Addictions ve Offender Counseling, 21(1), 23-33. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2000.tb00149.x.
  • Bulut, S. ve Dilmaç, B. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sahip olduğu değerler psikolojik iyi oluş ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 349-374. doi:10.26466/opus.472450.
  • Compton, W. C. ve Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
  • Demir, R. ve Türk, F. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji: Tarihçe, temel kavramlar, terapötik süreç, eleştiriler ve katkılar. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 108-125.
  • Dilmaç, B. ve Yücesoy, Ö. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sahip olduğu değerler akılcı olmayan inançlar ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1684-1708. doi: 10.26466/opus.547765.
  • Dinç, M. (2019). Postmodern Terapiler ve Bağımlılık. Bağımlılık: Tanı, Tedavi, Önleme içinde (s. 419-429). Türkiye Yeşilay Cemiyeti.
  • Doğan, T. (2017). Öz-kaynaklarımız: Karakter güçleri ve erdemler. Erişim adresi: https://www.tayfundogan.net/2017/12/30/oz-kaynaklarimiz-karakter-gucleri-erdemler/
  • Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A. ve Seligman, M. E. (2005). Positive psychology in clinical practice. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 1, 629-651. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154.
  • Eryilmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler/Positive psychotherapies. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 9(3), 346-362. doi:10.18863/pgy.288667.
  • Furnham, A. ve Lester, D. (2012). The development of a short measure of character strength. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 95-101. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000096.
  • Gentili, C., Rickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Simons, L. E., Lekander, M. ve Wicksell, R. K. (2019). Psychological flexibility as a resilience factor in individuals with chronic pain. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02016.
  • Hanel, P. H., Litzellachner, L. F. ve Maio, G. R. (2018). An empirical comparison of human value models. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1643. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01643.
  • Harris, R. (2017). ACT’i kolay öğrenmek: İlkeler ve ötesi için hızlı bir başlangıç (2. baskı) (H. T. Karatepe ve K. F. Yavuz, Çev.). İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık.
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  • Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Karakter güçleri ve erdemli oluş: güçlü yanlara-dayalı psikolojik danışma ve değerler eğitimine yeni bir yaklaşım. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(45), 25-40.
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Investigation of the Values in Relation to Positive Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Yıl 2024, , 221 - 240, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1344766

Öz

Values are beliefs and cognitive structures that guide a person's goals and actions, playing a crucial role in human behavior. Psychotherapy has increasingly focused on understanding the concept of values especially in postmodern approaches. This study aims to explore how values are addressed in positive psychotherapy (PPT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approaches and their role in interventions. Aligned with the study's objective, both approaches are examined in terms of their perspectives on human nature and values, highlighting both similarities and differences. Emphasizing the significance of value-oriented actions, both approaches facilitate meaningful living. Notably, positive psychotherapy emphasizes fostering positive emotions to enhance overall life quality, while acceptance and commitment therapy encourages aligning life with values despite challenges. Additionally, acceptance and commitment therapy teaches clients skills to address various internal barriers. Compared to positive psychotherapy, acceptance and commitment therapy offers a more holistic approach to these constructs. In this context, mental health professionals should be attentive to helping clients uncover and explore internal barriers tied to their values.

Kaynakça

  • Akin‐Little, K. A., Little, S. G. ve Delligatti, N. (2004). A preventative model of school consultation: Incorporating perspectives from positive psychology. Psychology in the Schools, 41(1), 155-162. doi: 10.1002/pits.10147.
  • Allport, G. W., Vernon, P. E. ve Lindzey, G. (1960). Study of values. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Ayten, A. (2015). Erdeme dönüş: Psikoloji ve mutluluk yolu. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık
  • Bergin, A. E. (1991). Values and religious issues in psychotherapy and mental health. American Psychologist, 46(4), 394-403.
  • Bannink, F. (2017). 201 pozitif psikoloji uygulaması: Bireyler ve toplumlarda iyi oluşu geliştirmek için. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Bojanowska, A. ve Piotrowski, K. (2021). Two levels of personality: Temperament and values and their effects on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Current Psychology, 40, 1185-1193.
  • Boniwell, I. (2008). Positive psychology in a nutshell: A balanced introduction to the science of optimal functioning. London: Personal Well-Being Centre.
  • Brooks Jr, C. W. ve Matthews, C. O. (2000). The relationship among substance abuse counselors' spiritual well‐being, values, and self‐actualizing characteristics and the impact on clients' spiritual well‐being. Journal of Addictions ve Offender Counseling, 21(1), 23-33. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2000.tb00149.x.
  • Bulut, S. ve Dilmaç, B. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sahip olduğu değerler psikolojik iyi oluş ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 349-374. doi:10.26466/opus.472450.
  • Compton, W. C. ve Hoffman, E. (2013). Positive psychology: The science of happiness and flourishing. USA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
  • Demir, R. ve Türk, F. (2020). Pozitif psikoloji: Tarihçe, temel kavramlar, terapötik süreç, eleştiriler ve katkılar. Humanistic Perspective, 2(2), 108-125.
  • Dilmaç, B. ve Yücesoy, Ö. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sahip olduğu değerler akılcı olmayan inançlar ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiler. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1684-1708. doi: 10.26466/opus.547765.
  • Dinç, M. (2019). Postmodern Terapiler ve Bağımlılık. Bağımlılık: Tanı, Tedavi, Önleme içinde (s. 419-429). Türkiye Yeşilay Cemiyeti.
  • Doğan, T. (2017). Öz-kaynaklarımız: Karakter güçleri ve erdemler. Erişim adresi: https://www.tayfundogan.net/2017/12/30/oz-kaynaklarimiz-karakter-gucleri-erdemler/
  • Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A. ve Seligman, M. E. (2005). Positive psychology in clinical practice. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 1, 629-651. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154.
  • Eryilmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler/Positive psychotherapies. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 9(3), 346-362. doi:10.18863/pgy.288667.
  • Furnham, A. ve Lester, D. (2012). The development of a short measure of character strength. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 95-101. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000096.
  • Gentili, C., Rickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Simons, L. E., Lekander, M. ve Wicksell, R. K. (2019). Psychological flexibility as a resilience factor in individuals with chronic pain. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02016.
  • Hanel, P. H., Litzellachner, L. F. ve Maio, G. R. (2018). An empirical comparison of human value models. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1643. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01643.
  • Harris, R. (2017). ACT’i kolay öğrenmek: İlkeler ve ötesi için hızlı bir başlangıç (2. baskı) (H. T. Karatepe ve K. F. Yavuz, Çev.). İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık.
  • Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior therapy, 35(4), 639-665. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80013-3.
  • Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A. ve Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25.
  • Hayes, S.C. ve Smith, S. (2005). Get out of your mind and into your life: The new acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D. ve Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hefferon, K. ve Boniwell, I. (2014). Pozitif psikoloji: Kuram, araştırma ve uygulamalar (T. Doğan, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık (2011).
  • Holmes, J. (1997). Values in psychotherapy. Australian ve New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31(3), 331-339.
  • Jambrak, J., Deane, F. P. ve Williams, V. (2014). Value motivations predict burnout and intentions to leave among mental health professionals. Journal of Mental Health, 23(3), 120-124. Doi: 10.3109/09638237.2013.869576.
  • Kabakçı, Ö. F. (2016). Karakter güçleri ve erdemli oluş: güçlü yanlara-dayalı psikolojik danışma ve değerler eğitimine yeni bir yaklaşım. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(45), 25-40.
  • Karaırmak, Ö. ve Siviş, R. (2008). Modernizmden postmodernizme geçiş ve pozitif psikoloji. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(30), 102-115.
  • Kelly, T. A. (1990). The role of values in psychotherapy: A critical review of process and outcome effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 10(2), 171-186.
  • Kluckhohn, C. (1951). Values and value orientations in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification. Toward a general theory of action içinde (ss. 388 433). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Korkmaz, H. ve Dilmaç, B. (2021). Predictive relations between psychological well-being, Instagram addiction and values in university students. Research on Education and Psychology, 5(1), 71-82.
  • Kuşdil, M. E. ve Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Türk öğretmenlerin değer yönelimleri ve Schwartz değer kuramı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45), 59-80.
  • Lijadi, A. A. (2019). What are universally accepted human values that define ‘a good life’? Historical perspective of value theory. IIASA Working Paper. IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria: WP-19-006.
  • Murrell, A. (2013). Values and valuing in a college population (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). North Texas Üniversitesi.
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  • Niemiec, R. M. (2017). Character strengths interventions: A field guide for practitioners. Hogrefe Publishing.
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  • Nourian, L., Golparvar, M., & Aghaei, A. (2021). Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Positive Psychotherapy on Depression and Affective Capital of Depressed Women. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing (IJPN) Original Article, 9(4).
  • Patterson, C. H. (1989). Values in counseling and psychotherapy. Counseling and Values, 33(3), 164-176.
  • Peseschkian, N. (1985). In Search Of Meaning. A Psychotherapy Of Small Steps. AuthorHouse
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  • Peseschkian, N. (2012b). Positive family therapy: The family as therapist. Springer Science ve Business Media.
  • Peseschkian, H. ve Remmers, A. (2020). Positive psychotherapy: An Introduction. Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology: Clinical Applications içinde (ss. 11-32). Springer Nature.
  • Peterson, C. ve Park, N. (2004). Classification and measurement of character strengths: Implications for practice. Positive psychology in practice içinde (ss. 433-446). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Peterson, C. ve Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.
  • Rashid, T. (2009). Positive interventions in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 461-466.
  • Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40.
  • Rashid, T. (2020). 101 strengths-based actions to connect, from a safe distance. Erişim adresi: http://tayyabrashid.com/101-strengths-based-actions-to-connect-from-a-distance/
  • Rashid, T. ve Seligman, M. P. (2018). Positive psychotherapy: Clinician manual. Oxford University Press.
  • Rashid, T. ve Seligman, M. P. (2023). Pozitif psikoterapi: Terapistin El Kitabı (İ. Demirci ve H. Ekşi, Çev.). Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. Free press.
  • Ruiz, F. J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current empirical evidence. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 12(3), 333-358.
  • Ryan, A. K., Pakenham, K. I. ve Burton, N. W. (2019). A pilot evaluation of a group acceptance and commitment therapy‐informed resilience training program for people with diabetes. Australian Psychologist, 55(3), 196-207.
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  • Schwartz, S. H. ve Sortheix, F. M. (2018). Values and subjective well-being. Handbook of Well-being içinde (ss. 1-25). Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers.
  • Sebre, S., Miltuze, A. ve Bite, I. (2014). Resilience in relation to self-direction values and anxious/depressed symptoms across the life span. (Poster). 16th European Conference on Developmental Pscyhology, Switzerland.
  • Seki, T. ve Dilmaç, B. (2015). Predictor relationships between the values the adolescents have and their levels of subjective well-being and social appearance anxiety: A model proposal. Education ve Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 40(179), 57-67.
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  • Şimşir, Z. ve Dilmaç, B. (2018). Predictive relationship between war posttraumatic growth, values, and perceived social support. Illness, Crisis ve Loss, 29(2), 1-17.
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  • Toussaint, L. ve Friedman, P. (2009). Forgiveness, grat itude, and well -being: The mediat ing role of affect and beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 635-654. doi: 10.1007/s10902-008-9111-8
  • Tugade, M. ve Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–333.
  • Ulu, M. (2018). İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluşları ile değer yönelimleri arasındaki ilişki. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(37), 183-215.
  • Wärnå‐Furu, C., Sääksjärvi, M. ve Santavirta, N. (2010). Measuring virtues – development of a scale to measure employee virtues and their influence on health. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 24, 38-45.
  • Wilson, K. G. (2014). The ACT matrix: A new approach to building psychological flexibility across settings and populations. New Harbinger Publications.
  • Wilson, K. G. ve Sandoz, E. K. (2008). Mindfulness, values, and therapeutic relationship in acceptance and commitment therapy. Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship içinde (ss. 89-106). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Yavuz, K. F. (2015). Kabul ve kararlılık terapisi (ACT): genel bir bakış. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry Special Topics, 8(2), 21-27.
  • Yurcu, G. ve Akıncı, Z. (2019). The mediating role of mobbing in the relationship between personal value and depression: A case study of hospitality employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality ve Tourism, 18(4), 471-503. doi: 10.1080/15332845.2019.1626852
  • Zettle, R. D. (2022). Depresyon için ACT: Klinisyenler İçin Depresyon Tedavisinde Kabul-Kararlılık Terapisi Kılavuzu (Y. S. Altındal, Çev.). İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal ve Kişilik Psikolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Feyza Topçu 0000-0002-5853-2670

Mehmet Dinç 0000-0001-9544-8999

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Topçu, F., & Dinç, M. (2024). Pozitif Psikoterapi ve Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi Açısından Değerler Kavramının İncelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(51), 221-240. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1344766

Selcuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters will start accepting articles for 2025 issues on Dergipark as of September 15, 2024.