Kentsel Yıkımın Bosna ve Filistin Örnekleri Üzerinden Kentkırım Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 92 - 106, 30.04.2018

Fırat Harun Yılmaz Ali Şahin

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.401085

Cited By: 1

Öz

Kentler insanlığın gelişim sürecinin temel tanığıdır.
Kentler ayrıca gelişim sürecinin beraberinde getirdiği savaş ve çatışmaların da
temel mekânıdır. Siyasi, toplumsal ve teknolojik alanda yaşanan değişimler
çatışmalarda yeni kentsel militarizm, düşük yoğunluklu çatışma, dördüncü nesil
savaş olarak nitelendirilen şiddet formlarının ortaya çıkmasına neden
olmaktadır. 20. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinde ortaya çıkan kentkırım bu şiddet
formlarından biridir. Kenti oluşturan temel değerlere fiziki yapı üzerinden
doğrudan yapılan saldırılar kentkırımdır. Kentin bizatihi hedef olması; yapılı
çevrede gerçekleşen yıkımların sistematik ve planlı olması; yıkım sonrası
yeniden yapılanma süreci ile kentsel yaşamın kontrol altına alınması kavramı
çatışmaların meydana getirdiği ikincil zararlardan ayırmaktadır. Çalışmada
öncelikle kentkırım kavramının mevcut teorik çerçevesi ve kavrama ilişkin
yaklaşımlar ortaya konulmaktadır. Ardından Bosna ve Filistin’de yapılan kentsel
yıkımlar kentkırım kapsamında ele alınarak yıkımın sonuçları
değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda sosyal, tarihsel hafızanın yok olması başta
olmak üzere insanların kentsel çevre ile olan medeni ilişkilerine yönelik
tahribat ve kentkırımın kültür mirasına olan etkileri ele alınmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosna, Filistin, Kentsel Yıkım, Kentkırım

The Evaluation of Urbicide Within The Context of Urban Destruction via Bosnia and Palestine Cases

Öz

Urban areas are the basic witnesses of development
process of humanity. As well as, urban areas are the fundamental places of wars
and conflicts derived from this progress. Political, social and technological
changes bring about the new forms of violence named as new urban militarism,
fourth generation war, low-intensity conflict. Urbicide which appeared at the
last quarter of 20th century is one of this form of violence. Urbicide is
attacking urban values via built environment. Urbicide differs from the
collateral damage with following characteristics; urban area in intself is the
target, destruction of built environment is systematic and deliberate; urban
life is get under control with restruction after destruction process. In this
study initialy theoritical concept and certain approaches of urbicide are addressed.
Afterwards the urban destructions in Bosnia and Palestine and consequences of
destructions are evalauted within the concept of urbicide. In this context
-destructions of social-historical memory being in the first place- devastation
of people's certain relations towards urban environment and the effects of
urbicide upon cultural heritage are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bosnia, Palestine, Urban Destruction, Urbicide

Kaynakça

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