Roma’da Krallık Dönemi: Kralın Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 4, 29 - 56, 01.01.2014

Efrumiye Ertekin Sehergül Gül

Öz

According to Ancient Roman Historians, when the king died, the supreme executive power reverted to the senate. A member of the senate, bearing the title of interrex assumed charge of affairs for a period of five days. He nominated a second interrex, and this system was continued until the new candidate was designated. The choice was made by the interrex in harmony with the wishes of the senate, and was submitted by him for approval to the comitia curiata. Before the new king was invested with the full regal authority and power, his inauguratio had to be performed Then he had been vested with the imperium by the lex curiata de imperio. The senate then ratified the selection by passing the auctoritas patrum, and the candidate was formally declared king by the interrex.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rex, interrex, imperium, lex curiata de imperio, auscipium

Roma’da Krallık Dönemi: Kralın Belirlenmesi

Öz

Eskiçağ yazarlarının anlatılarına göre kral öldüğü zaman en yüksek yürütme gücü Senatus’a geri dönerdi. Interrex unvanını taşıyan bir Senatus üyesi beş günlüğüne görevi üstlenirdi. İlk interrex ikinciyi belirler, bu işlem yeni kral adayı belirleninceye kadar sürerdi. Seçim Senatus’un görüşleri doğrultusunda interrex tarafından yapılır ve onay için halk meclisine sunulurdu. Ancak yeni krala tam olarak krallık gücü ve otoritesi verilmeden önce, inauguraito merasimi yapılmak zorunda idi. Arkasından lex curiata de imperio ile imperium yetkisi verilirdi. Bu seçim Senatus tarafından auctoritas patrum yoluyla tasdik edilir, aday interrex tarafından resmen kral ilan edilirdi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rex, interrex, imperium, lex curiata de imperio, auscipium

Kaynakça

• Abbott 1963 Abbott, F.F., A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions, Biblo and Tanen, New York (3. Baskı).
• App. B.Civ. Appian, Roman History 1-8.1, Trans. by Horace White, 1913 [Loeb Clascical Library].
• Boatwright, Gargola, Talbert, 2004 Boatwright, M.T., Gargola, D.J., & Talbert, R.J.A. The Romans, from Village to Empire, Oxford University Press, New York.
• Braudel 1995 Braudel, F., Akdeniz: Mekan ve Tarih, Çev: Necati Erkurt, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul. Cic. de Rep.
• Marcus Tullius Cicero., De Republica: On the Republic. On the Laws, Trans. by Clinton W. Keyes, 1928. [Loeb Clascical Library].
• Cornell 1995 Cornell, T., The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC), Routledge, London.
• Cornell 2003 Cornell, T.J., “Rome (history): From the Origins to 31 BC.” Oxford Classical Dictionary, (3rd edition), Oxford University Press. Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom.
• Dionysius Halicarnassensis., Antiquitates Romanae (Rhōmaikē archaiologia): The Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Trans. by Earnest Cary, In Seven Volumes, Vol I: I-II, London, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1937, Vol II: III-IV, London, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1953. [Loeb Clascical Library]
• Forsythe 2005 Forsythe, G., A Critical History of Early Rome from Prehistory to the First Punic War, University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Homo 1962 Homo, L., Roman Political Institutions from City to State, Barnes & Noble, New York. Liv.
• Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri: History of Rome, Volume I, Books 1-2, 1919 [Loeb Clascical Library].
• Loewenstein 1973 Loewenstein, K., The Governance of Rome, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
• Momigliano 2006 Momigliano, A., “The origins of Rome” Şurada: F. W. Walkbank, A. E. Astin (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, 7,2.
• Mommsen 1895 Mommsen, Th, History of Rome, Volume 1, Trans. By. William Purdie Dicksson, Scribner, New York.
• Mommsen 1998 (1887) Mommsen, Th., Römisches Staatsrecht, Band 2.1., Reproduktion der Edition Leipzig 1887 auf CD-ROM, Duehrkohp & Radicke, Götingen.
• Morgan 1998 Morgan, L.H., Eski Toplum II, Çev. Ünsal Oskay, Payel Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Mousourakis 2007 Mousourakis, G., A Legal History of Rome, Routledge, London, New York.
• Ogilvie 2006 Ogilvie, R.M., “The sources for early Roman history”, Şurada: F.W. Walkbank, A.E. Astin (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History VII, 2 (2006), s. 1-29.
• Plut. Vit. Rom Plutarhos, Bioi Paralellol (Vitae Paralellelae): Lives, Volume I: Theseus and Romulus. Lycurgus and Numa. Solon and Publicola Trans. by Bernadotte Perin, 1914 [Loeb Clascical Library].
• Poucet 1985 Poucet, J., Les origines de Rome: Tradition et histoire, Facultés Universitaires Saint-Louis, Bruxelles.
• Smith 2006 Smith, C.J., The Roman Clan: The Gens from Ancient Ideology to Modern Antropology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Smith 2011 Smith, C.J.,“Thinking About Kings”, Bulletin of The Institute of Classical Studies 54-2,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ journal/10.1111(ISSN)2041-5370, Wiley Online Library.
• Umur 1979 Umur, Z., Roma Hukuku: Tarihi Giriş, Kaynaklar, Umumi Mefhumlar, Hakların Himayesi, Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul