Political Economy of the Islamist Party in a Muslim Democracy The Experience of PKS of Indonesia

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 71 - 93, 01.10.2016

Raden Cecep Lukman Yasın

Öz

This paper focuses on the effort of PKS Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, Justice and Prosperous Party to win the heart of the people, and to build relatively solid partymass relations. Considering that the newly emerging democratic Indonesia is characterized by rampant money politics as well as corrupt, pragmatic, or opportunistic behaviors among elites and broader electorates alike, the promotion of piety and morality to secure the loyalty of electorates is not sufficient. Under such conditions, PKS devised a community-building strategy to provide welfare service aiming at building close linkages with their recipients. This social service provision directed mostly to the marginalized not only boosts the party image as “caring” and “religious” among the pious Muslim electorates, but also reinforces the commitment of the struggle of the PKS as a dakwah party that struggles to build an Islamic society with justice and equity. It is argued that the party’s well-disciplined organizational structures and community building strategy to provide social welfare services that fill both material and spiritual needs of pragmatic electorates are the key to explaining the party’s ability to build a relatively solid mass support base.

Anahtar Kelimeler

.

Political Economy of the Islamist Party in a Muslim Democracy The Experience of PKS of Indonesia

Öz

This paper focuses on the effort of PKS Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, Justice and Prosperous Party to win the heart of the people, and to build relatively solid partymass relations. Considering that the newly emerging democratic Indonesia is characterized by rampant money politics as well as corrupt, pragmatic, or opportunistic behaviors among elites and broader electorates alike, the promotion of piety and morality to secure the loyalty of electorates is not sufficient. Under such conditions, PKS devised a community-building strategy to provide welfare service aiming at building close linkages with their recipients. This social service provision directed mostly to the marginalized not only boosts the party image as “caring” and “religious” among the pious Muslim electorates, but also reinforces the commitment of the struggle of the PKS as a dakwah party that struggles to build an Islamic society with justice and equity. It is argued that the party’s well-disciplined organizational structures and community building strategy to provide social welfare services that fill both material and spiritual needs of pragmatic electorates are the key to explaining the party’s ability to build a relatively solid mass support base

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dakwah, Islamist Party, Welfare Service

Kaynakça

• Aminuddin Hilmi (2011), Menegakkan Kepemimpinan Dakwah, Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal DPP Partai Keadilan Sejahtera Bidang Arsip dan Sejarah.
• Arifin, Lukman Hakim and Mukhlison S. Widodo (2007), “Mendapat Tawaran dari Sales Ideologi, interview with Din Syamsuddin, Muhammadiyah Chairman, in Gatra, No. 8, 4 January.
• Balda, Syamsul, Abu Ridho, Untung Wahono (2000), Politik Dakwahh Partai Keadilan, (Jakarta: DPP Partai Keadilan).
• Bubalo, Anthony, and Greg Fealy (2005), “Joining the Caravan The Middle East, Islamism, and Indonesia,” Lowy Institute Paper 25, Lowy Institute for International Policy.
• Buehler, Michael, and Paige Tan (2007), “Party-Candidate Relationships in Indonesian Local Politics: A Case Study of the 2005 Regional Elections in Gowa, South Sulawesi Province,” in Indonesia 84 (October).
• Clark, Janine A. (2004), Islam, Charity, and Activism: Middle-Class Networks and Social Welfare in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
• CSIS, Jakarta (2008), Perilaku Pemilih Indonesia 2008 [Indonesian voting behaviors 2008] (Jakarta: CSIS).
• Damanik, Ali Said (2001) Fenomen Partai Keadilan: Transformasi 20 Tahun Gerakan Tarbiyah di Indonesia (Bandung: Teraju).
• Davidson, Jamie (2009), “Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation in Indonesia,” in Pacific Review 22:3 (July).
• E. Fuller, Graham (2003), The Future of Political Islam (New York: Palgrave McMillan).
• Edward, Djony (2006), Efek Bola Salju Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Bandung: Harakutuna Publishing).
• Frederic C. Schaffer, ed. (2007), Elections for Sale: The Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers).
• Hadiz, Vedi R. (2010), Localizing Power in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: A Southeast Asia Perspective (Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press).
• Hamayotsu, Kikue (2011) “The Political Rise of the Prosperous Justice Party in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia,” in Asian Survey 51:5.
• Hasan, Noorhaidi (2013), The Making of Public Islam. Piety, Democracy, and Youth in Indonesian Politics (Yogyakarta: SUKA-Press).
• Jung, Eunsook (2009), Taking Care of the Faithful: Islamic Organizations and Partisan Engagement in Indonesia, Ph.D. thesis.
• Kholis, Arif Nur (2009), PP Muhammadiyah Terbitkan Sembilan Poin Instruksi www.immuii.wordpress.com/2008/07/29. Hadapi Pemilu 2009
• Kikue Hamayotsu (2010), “The Political Rise of the Prosperous Justice Party in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia,” in Asian Survey, Vol. 51, Number 5.
• Latief, Hilman (2010) “Health Provision for the Poor: Islamic Aid and the Rise of Charitable Clinics in Indonesia,” in South East Asia Research 18:3 (September).
• Majelis Pertimbangan Pusat Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, Platform Kebijakan Pembangunan Masyarakat Madani Yang Adil, Sejahtera dan Bermartabat (2007) [PKS development policy platform: Towards the realization of a fair, prosperous, and dignified civil society] (Jakarta: PKS).
• Mietzner, Marcus (2009), “Indonesia and the Pitfalls of Low-Quality Democracy: A Case Study of Gubernatorial Elections in North Sulawesi,” in Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia, Marco Bunte and Andreas Ufen (London: Routledge).
• Mujani, Saiful and R. William Liddle (2010), “Personalities, Parties, and Voters,” in Journal of Democracy 21:2.
• Noor, Firman (2012), Institutionalising Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia: A Study of Internal Fragmentation and Cohesion in the Post-Soeharto Era (1998-2008). Unpublished PhD thesis.
• Noorhaidi Hasan (2013), The Making of Public Islam. Piety, Democracy, and Youth in Indonesian Politics (Yogyakarta: SUKA-Press).
• Pepinsky, Thomas B., William R. Liddle, and Saiful Mujani (2009), “Testing Political Islam’s Economic Advantage: The Evidence from Indonesia,” in American Journal of Political Science 56:3.
• Robert W., Hefner (2008), “Islamic Schools, Social Movements, and Democracy in Indonesia,” in Making Modern Muslims: The Politics of Islamic Education in Southeast Asia, ed. Robert W. Hefner (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press)
• Sakai, Minako (2008), “Community Development through Islamic Microfinance: Serving the Financial Needs of the Poor in a Viable Way,” in Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia, eds. Greg Fealy and Sally White (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies).
• Schwedler, Jillian (2006), Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen (New York: Cambridge University Press).
• Tan, Paige Johnson (2002), “The Anti-Party Reaction in Indonesia: Causes and Implications,” Contemporary Southeast Asia 24:3 (December).
• Tanuwidjaja, Sunny (2010), “Political Islam and Islamic Parties in Indonesia: Critically Assessing the Evidence of Islam’s Political Decline,” in Contemporary Southeast Asia 32:1 (April).
• Tezcur, Gunes Murat (2010), Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in Post-Soeharto Era (London: Routledge).
• Tim Departemen Kaderisasi PKS (2004), Profil Kader Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (Bandung: Syaamil Cipta Media).
• Tomsa, Dirk (2008), Party Politics and Democratization in Indonesia: Golkar in the Post-Suharto Era (London: Routledge)
• Webber, Douglas (2006) “A Consolidated Patrimonial Democracy Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia,” in Pacific Review 13:3 (June).
• Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky (2004), “Interests, Ideas, and Islamist Outreach in Egypt,” in Wiktorowicz, Islamic Activism.
• Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky (2004), “The Path to Moderation: Strategy and Learning in the Formation of Egypt’s Wasat Party,” in Comparative Politics, Vol 36.
• Wiktorowicz, Quintan, ed. (2004), Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach (Bloomington: Indiana University Press).
• Yavuz, M. Hakan (2009), Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
• “Affirming Moderation of PKS,” Jakarta Post, June 28, 2010
• “Istimewa, Gerak Kader PKS” [Excellent, PKS cadre’s performance], Kompas, June 10, 2005.
• “PKS Fokus ke Massa Pinggiran” [PKS shifted its focus to rural masses], Kompas, May 31, 2008.
• “PKS Inklusif, Syariat Islam Jalan Terus ” [As PKS becomes inclusive, will Syariah continue?], Kompas, June 20, 2010.
• “Voters Value Actions over Ideology,” Jakarta Post, July 11, 2008
• “Wow PKS bagi-bagi 467 mobil [Wow, PKS distributed 467 cars],” www.m.inilah.com/news/detail/47783.