Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Dışa Açıklık, Demokrasi ve Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 69 - 88, 31.07.2014

Seyfettin Artan Cemalettin Kalaycı

Öz

Gelir
dağılımı adaletsizliği gelişmişlik düzeyine bakılmaksızın bütün ülkeleri
ilgilendiren temel bir sorundur. Bu nedenle gelir dağılımı ve adaleti uzun
zamandan beri tüm dünyada araştırmacıların, politika uygulayıcılarının ve bireylerin
ilgisini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada gelir dağılımı adaletsizliğinin temel
belirleyicileri 63 gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke örneği için analiz
edilmiştir. Panel veri analiz yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmadan elde edilen
bulgulara göre, ülkelerin dışa açıklık düzeylerinin gelir dağılımı üzerindeki
etkisi negatif iken, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelir dağılımı
üzerindeki etkisi gerek gelişmiş gerekse gelişmekte olan ülkelerde pozitif olarak
tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan demokrasi seviyesindeki artış gelişmiş
ülkelerde gelir dağılımı adaletsizliğini azaltıcı rol oynarken, gelişmekte olan
ülkelerde gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliği artırmaktadır. Benzer şekilde
eğitim seviyesindeki artış gelişmiş ülkelerde gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliği
azaltırken gelişmekte olan ülkelerde eğitimin gelir dağılımı üzerinde bir
etkisi tespit edilememiştir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir dağılımı, dışa açıklık, demokrasi, panel veri analizi

Kaynakça

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