Uluslararası Hukukta Yeni Bir Suç Başlığı Olarak Ekokırım Suçu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 636 - 661, 23.12.2025

Hasan Yiğit

https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1647060

Öz

Ekokırım kelimesi ilk olarak Vietnam Savaşı sırasında ABD’nin ülkede meydana getirdiği çevresel zararı ve gerçekleştirdiği ağır hasarı tanımlamak amacıyla ABD’li biyolog Prof. Dr. Arthur W. Galston tarafından, 1970 yılında kullanılmıştır. Kelime dilbilim kökeni olarak Yunanca “ev” ya da “yuva” anlamında kullanılan “oikos” ve Latince “öldürmek” anlamına gelen “caedere” kelimelerinin bir araya getirilmesinden türetilmiştir. Kelimenin tam Türkçe karşılığı ise “evimizi yok etmek” olarak çevrilmektedir.
Çalışmada öncelikle ekokırım suçunun arka planı, ilk ortaya çıkışı, tanımlanma ve kavramsallaştırma süreçleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda 1925, 1949 ve 1977 Cenevre Protokolleri, 1948 Soykırım Sözleşmesi, 1954 Lahey Konvansiyonu ve 1998 Roma Statüsü incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeler sonucunda çevre suçu ile ilgili günümüzde geçerli tek hükmün, 1998 Roma Statüsü’nün savaş suçlarını düzenleyen 8. maddesinde yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Çalışmada ayrıca AB’nin ekokırım suçunu kabul etme ve tanınırlığını artırma çalışmaları Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ilgili çalışmada ekokırım suçunun tanımı ve kavramsallaştırma sorunsalı ele alındıktan sonra bu suç başlığı ile ilgili olabilecek bazı mahkeme kararları da incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Trail Smelter, Lanoux Gölü, Korfu Kanalı ve Nükleer Test Denemeleri davaları incelenmiştir. Netice itibari ile çalışmada ekokırım suçunun uluslararası toplum tarafından giderek daha fazla kabul gördüğü, bazı devletlerin ilgili suçu anayasalarına dâhil ettiği ve gelecekte bu suç kapsamında daha fazla davanın ortaya çıkacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ekokırım , Soykırım , Çevre , Sözleşme , Çatışma

The Crime of Ecocide as a New Crime Title in International Law

Öz

The word ecocide was first used in 1970 by US biologist Prof. Dr. Arthur W. Galston to describe the environmental damage and severe damage caused by the US during the Vietnam War. The word is linguistically derived from the Greek word “oikos” meaning “home” or “nest” and the Latin word ‘caedere’ meaning “to kill”. The full Turkish equivalent of the word is translated as “to destroy our home”.
The study first analyzes the background of the crime of ecocide, its first emergence, and the processes of its definition and conceptualization. In this context, the Geneva Protocols of 1925, 1949 and 1977, the 1948 Genocide Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention and the 1998 Rome Statute were analyzed. As a result of these examinations, it was observed that the only provision on environmental crime that is valid today is included in Article 8 of the 1998 Rome Statute, which regulates war crimes.
The study also evaluates the EU's efforts to accept the crime of ecocide and increase its recognition within the scope of the European Green Deal. In addition, after discussing the definition and conceptualization of the crime of ecocide, some court decisions that may be related to this crime are also examined. In this context, the Trail Smelter, Lake Lanoux, Corfu Channel and Nuclear Test Trials cases are analyzed. As a result, the study concludes that the crime of ecocide is increasingly accepted by the international community, that some states have included the relevant crime in their constitutions, and that more cases will emerge within the scope of this crime in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ecocide , Genocide , Environment , Contract , Conflict

Kaynakça

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