Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Bektashi Order, Sufism, and Shī’īsm in the Work of Baba Rexheb, a Bektashi Sufi of 20th Century

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 51 - 74, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.799560

Öz

The Bektashi order is known for its Shī’ī roots. However, there are contradictory interpretations in determining the origins or teachings of the Bektashi order. This paper studies the Bektashi order focusing on Mysticizma Islame dhe Bektashizma by Baba Rexheb (1901-1995). I argue that his work plays a vital role in explaining traditional Bektashi
thought and its transition to the modern era. This paper attempts to illustrate the Bektashi order’s pertinence to Sufism and Shī’ī Islam through his work. Albert Doja (2006) and Yuri Stoyanov (2012) have criticized Mysticizma Islame dhe Bektashizma for attempting to “drastically change the Bektashi Order” or “what they can manage to do with their
ideological schemes when their prestige is at stake”. This paper will access those claims by considering Baba Rexheb’s works, and the account of his life portrayed in The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb (2009) and other resources. In what continues, it tries to explain that those modern claims in discrediting Baba Rexheb’s work are historically unlikely.

Kaynakça

  • al-Kalabadhi, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim, and A. J. Arberry. "The Doctrine of the Sufis = Kitab Al-Taarruf Li-Madhhab Ahl Al-Tasawwuf." [In English]. (1977).
  • Algar, Hamid. "Bektāšīya." In Iranica, 1989.
  • Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali, Eric Ormsby, and Hasan Ansari. "Silent Qur'an and the Speaking Qur'an : Scriptural Sources of Islam between History and Fervor." [In English]. (2016).
  • Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali, Christian Jambet, Kenneth Casler, and Eric Ormsby. What Is Shiʻi Islam?: An Introduction. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018.
  • Āmulī, Ḥaydar ibn ʻAlī, Henry Corbin, and ʻUthmān Yaḥyá. Jāmiʻ Al-Asrār Va Manbaʻ Al-Anvār: Bih Inz̤imām-I, Risālah-i Naqd Al-Nuqūd Fī Maʻrifat Al-Vujūd. [in Persian] [Tehran]: Anjuman-i Īrānshināsī-i Farānsah, 1989.
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Ontology and Cosmology of the ʿaql in Ṣadrā's Commentary on Uṣūl Al-Kāfī." Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 10, no. 2 (2017): 157-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2017.0011
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Presence, Manifestation, and Visitation in Abrahamic Religions: The Notion of “Presence” in Shi’ism, Journal of Religious & Theological Information, DOI: 10.1080/10477845.2021.1926629.
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Shiʻa Mystical Theology: Notes on Sayyid Ḥ Aydar Āmulīʼs Jāmiʻ Al-Asrār Wa Manbaʻ Al-Anwār." Kom Casopis Za Religijske Nauke 9, no. 3 (2020): 65-80. DOI: 10.5937/kom2003065a
  • Aṣgharī, Sayyid Amirhossein, Aṣgharī, Seyedeh Leila, Aṣgharī Sayyid ʻAlī, Lohja, Edin, Hadroj, Bahrije, Shehu, Hajri, Fjalor Persisht - Shqip: Farhang-i Vāzhah-I Fārsī - Shīp (Ālbāniyāyī). Bot. i 1-rë. Tiranë: Botimet Toena, 2010.
  • Baharlu, İlgar. "Pre-Safavid Sema (Semah) Accompanied with Sufi Classics." Journal of Alevism-Bektashism Studies 22 (2020): 179-98.
  • Baharlu, İlgar. Şah’ın Bahçesinde Şah İsmail Öncesi ve Sonrası Kızılbaşlık. İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları, 2020.
  • Birge, John Kingsley. The Bektashi Order of Dervishes. [in English] 2015.
  • Browne, Edward Granville. Further Notes on the Literature of the Hurufis and Their Connection with the Bektashi Order of the Dervishes. [in English] [Hertford]: [S. Austin], 1907.
  • Chittick, William. "Ibn ‘Arabî." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy edited by Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2020 Edition.
  • Chittick, William C. Divine Love Islamic Literature and the Path to God. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. "The Bektashi Institutions in Southeastern Europe: Alternative Muslim Official Structures and Their Limits." Die Welt des Islams 52, no. 2 (2012): 183-203.
  • Davey, Richard. The Sultan and His Subjects. A new ed. London: Chatto & Windus, 1907.
  • Doja, Albert. "A Political History of Bektashism in Albania." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 7, no. 1 (2006/03/01 2006): 83-107.
  • Doja, Albert. "Spiritual Surrender: From Companionship to Hierarchy in the History of Bektashism." Numen 53, no. 4 (2006): 448-510.
  • Duijzings, Ger. "Religion and the politics of 'Albanianism': Naim Frashëri's Bektashi writings." In Albanian Identities: Myths, Narratives and Politics, by Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and Bernd J. Fischer (eds, 60-69. London: Hurst, 2002.
  • Elsie, Robert. Historical Dictionary of Albania and Raymond Hutchings. Lanham: MD: Scarecrow, 2004.
  • Elsie, Robert. The Albanian Bektashi : History and Culture of a Dervish Order in the Balkans. London: I.B.Tauris, 2019.
  • Erdem C.. "Muhammet Ali̇ Hi̇lmi̇ Dedebaba erkân-nâmesi̇". Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli - Araştırma Dergisi. 2011. 57: 245-258.
  • Franklin Lewis, “Tarīqah,” The Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, ed. Lindsay Jones [original ed. Mircea Eliade; original article, A.H. Johns] (MacMillan Reference / Thomson Gale, 2005), 13: 9003-9015
  • Frashëri, Naim. Fletore E Bektashinjet. [in Albanian] Tiranë: Naim Frashëri, 2000.
  • Galland, Antoine, Nahid Sırrı Örik, Charles Henri Auguste Schefer, and Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Atatürk Kültür. İstanbul'a Ait Günlük Hatıralar (1672-1673). [in Turkish] Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1998.
  • Gramatikova, Nevena. "Ethnology of Sufi Orders: Theory and Practice. Proceedings of the British-Bulgarian Workshop on Sufi Orders." Paper presented at the the British-Bulgarian Workshop on Sufi Orders, 2000.
  • Gramatikova, Nevena, and International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Neortodoksalnii︠a︡T Isli︠a︡M V BŭLgarskite Zemi : Minalo I SŭVremennost. [in In Bulgarian, with summary in English.] 1. izd. ed. Sofii︠a︡: IK "Gutenberg", 2011.
  • Hafizović, Rešid. Islamic Studies 47, no. 2 (2008): 269-73. www.jstor.org/stable/20839122.
  • Hasluck, F. W. "Geographical Distribution of the Bektashi" The Annual of the British School at Athens (British School at Athens, 1916) 84-121. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30102759.
  • Köprülü, Fuat. Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar, Ankara, 1976.
  • Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat, Gary Leiser, and Robert Dankoff. Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. London: Routledge, 2006.
  • Moosa, Matti. Extremist Shiites : The Ghulat Sects. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East. 1st ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1987.
  • Norris, H. T. Popular Sufism in Eastern Europe: Sufi brotherhoods and the dialogue with Christianity and 'heterodoxy'. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011.
  • Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. "Babaîler İsyanından Kızılbaşlığa: Anadolu'da İslâm Heterodoksisinin Doğuş ve Gelişim Tarihine Kısa Bir Bakış". Belleten, LXIV/239, 2000, 129-159.
  • Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. Bektaşi Menâkıbnâmelerinde İslam Öncesi İnanç Motifleri, İstanbul, 1983.
  • Qāḍī, Seyed Mohammad Hasan Āyat Al-Haq. Tehran, Iran: Intishārāt-i Hikmat, 1392.
  • Ramsaur, Ernest Edmondson. The Young Turks; Prelude to the Revolution of 1908. Princeton Oriental Studies: Social Science,. Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press, 1957.
  • Rapoport-Albert, Ada, and Deborah Greniman. Women and the Messianic Heresy of Sabbatai Zevi : 1666--1816. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. Oxford ; Portland, Or.: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2011.
  • Renard, John. Tales of God's Friends: Islamic Hagiography. In Translation/Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
  • Rençber, Fevzi. Hakk Muhammed Ali Aşkı : "Adıyaman Alevileri". [in Turkish] 2014.
  • Rexhebi. Misticizma Islame Dhe Bektashizma. New York,: Printed by Waldon Press, 1970.
  • Ringgren, Helmer. "The Initiation Ceremony of the Bektashis". In the Initiation Ceremony of the Bektashis, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004378018_022
  • Safavi, Seyed Ghahreman. Rumi's Spiritual Shiʻism. [in English] [London]: London Academy of Iranian Studies Press, 2008.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill,: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.
  • Şişman, Cengiz. "Sabatay Sevi." In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 334-5: TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, 2008.
  • Statuti I Komunitetit Bektashian Shqiptar. [in Romanian] Vlore: Shtypshkronja "Vlora", 1924.
  • Stoyanov, Yuri. "Contested Post-Ottoman Alevi and Bektashi Identities in the Balkans and Their Shi`Ite Component." In Shi'i Islam and Identity : Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community, edited by Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon. London; New York: I.B. Tauris : Distributed in the United States and Canada exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
  • Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie and Bernd Jürgen Fischer. Albanian Identities: Myth and History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.
  • Topuzkanamis E. "Bi̇r Bektaşî erkânnamesi̇". Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli- Araştırma Dergisi, 2010. 55: 421-436.
  • Trix, Frances. The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb. 1st ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2009.
  • Trix, Frances. Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania. 1993.
  • Üçer, Cenksu. Tokat Yöresinde Geleneksel Alevilik. [in Turkish] Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2015.
  • Vorhoff, Karin. ""Let's Reclaim Our History and Culture!": Imagining Alevi Community in Contemporary Turkey." Die Welt des Islams 38, no. 2 (1998): 220-52.
  • William, A. Graham. "Ḥadīth Qudsī." In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Encyclopaedia of Islam, 000: Brill.
  • Yıldırım, Rıza. “The Safavid-Qizilbash Ecumene and the Formation of the Qizilbash-Alevi Community in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1500–c. 1700”. Iranian Studies, (2019) 52:3-4, 449 483, DOI: 10.1080/00210862.2019.1646120
  • Yıldız, Harun. Anadolu Aleviliği : Amasya Yöresi Bağlamında Bir İnceleme. [in Turkish] Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2014.
  • Zarcone, Thierry, and Angela Hobart. Shamanism and Islam : Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. [in English] 2017.

20. Asrın Bektaşi Sûfîsi Baba Receb'in Çalışmalarında Sûfîlik, Şiîlik ve Bektaşi Tarikatı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 51 - 74, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.799560

Öz

Bektaşi tarikatı Şiî kökleriyle tanınır. Ancak Bektaşi tarikatının kökenleri veya öğretilerini tespit etme noktasında çelişkili iddialar söz konusudur. Bu makale Bektaşi tarikatını, Baba Receb'in (1901-1995) Mysticizma Islame dhe Bektashizma isimli eserini merkeze alarak incelemektedir. Bana göre onun bu çalışması geleneksel Bektaşi anlayışını açıklamada ve bu anlayışın modern döneme uyumlu hale getirilmesinde hayati role sahiptir. Bu makâlede, onun bu eseri üzerinden Şiîlikle tasavvufun uyumu noktasında Bektaşi tarikatının örnekliği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Albert Doja (2006) ve Yuri Stoyanov (2012) Mysticizma Islame dhe Bektashizma’yı “Bektaşi tarikatında köklü değişim” veya “prestijleri tehlike altında olduğunda insanların fikri duruşlarında ne tür dönüşümlere başvuracakları” noktasında ele almışlardır. Bu makalede, Baba Receb'in kendi eserleri, The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb (2009) ve diğer kaynaklardaki hayatıyla ilgili bilgileri temel alınarak söz konusu iddialar incelenecektir. Devamında Baba Receb’in çalışmasının itibarını sarsan bu modern iddiaların tarihsel olarak temelsiz olduğu kanıtlanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • al-Kalabadhi, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim, and A. J. Arberry. "The Doctrine of the Sufis = Kitab Al-Taarruf Li-Madhhab Ahl Al-Tasawwuf." [In English]. (1977).
  • Algar, Hamid. "Bektāšīya." In Iranica, 1989.
  • Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali, Eric Ormsby, and Hasan Ansari. "Silent Qur'an and the Speaking Qur'an : Scriptural Sources of Islam between History and Fervor." [In English]. (2016).
  • Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali, Christian Jambet, Kenneth Casler, and Eric Ormsby. What Is Shiʻi Islam?: An Introduction. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018.
  • Āmulī, Ḥaydar ibn ʻAlī, Henry Corbin, and ʻUthmān Yaḥyá. Jāmiʻ Al-Asrār Va Manbaʻ Al-Anvār: Bih Inz̤imām-I, Risālah-i Naqd Al-Nuqūd Fī Maʻrifat Al-Vujūd. [in Persian] [Tehran]: Anjuman-i Īrānshināsī-i Farānsah, 1989.
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Ontology and Cosmology of the ʿaql in Ṣadrā's Commentary on Uṣūl Al-Kāfī." Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 10, no. 2 (2017): 157-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2017.0011
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Presence, Manifestation, and Visitation in Abrahamic Religions: The Notion of “Presence” in Shi’ism, Journal of Religious & Theological Information, DOI: 10.1080/10477845.2021.1926629.
  • Asghari, SeyedAmirHossein. "Shiʻa Mystical Theology: Notes on Sayyid Ḥ Aydar Āmulīʼs Jāmiʻ Al-Asrār Wa Manbaʻ Al-Anwār." Kom Casopis Za Religijske Nauke 9, no. 3 (2020): 65-80. DOI: 10.5937/kom2003065a
  • Aṣgharī, Sayyid Amirhossein, Aṣgharī, Seyedeh Leila, Aṣgharī Sayyid ʻAlī, Lohja, Edin, Hadroj, Bahrije, Shehu, Hajri, Fjalor Persisht - Shqip: Farhang-i Vāzhah-I Fārsī - Shīp (Ālbāniyāyī). Bot. i 1-rë. Tiranë: Botimet Toena, 2010.
  • Baharlu, İlgar. "Pre-Safavid Sema (Semah) Accompanied with Sufi Classics." Journal of Alevism-Bektashism Studies 22 (2020): 179-98.
  • Baharlu, İlgar. Şah’ın Bahçesinde Şah İsmail Öncesi ve Sonrası Kızılbaşlık. İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları, 2020.
  • Birge, John Kingsley. The Bektashi Order of Dervishes. [in English] 2015.
  • Browne, Edward Granville. Further Notes on the Literature of the Hurufis and Their Connection with the Bektashi Order of the Dervishes. [in English] [Hertford]: [S. Austin], 1907.
  • Chittick, William. "Ibn ‘Arabî." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy edited by Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2020 Edition.
  • Chittick, William C. Divine Love Islamic Literature and the Path to God. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. "The Bektashi Institutions in Southeastern Europe: Alternative Muslim Official Structures and Their Limits." Die Welt des Islams 52, no. 2 (2012): 183-203.
  • Davey, Richard. The Sultan and His Subjects. A new ed. London: Chatto & Windus, 1907.
  • Doja, Albert. "A Political History of Bektashism in Albania." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 7, no. 1 (2006/03/01 2006): 83-107.
  • Doja, Albert. "Spiritual Surrender: From Companionship to Hierarchy in the History of Bektashism." Numen 53, no. 4 (2006): 448-510.
  • Duijzings, Ger. "Religion and the politics of 'Albanianism': Naim Frashëri's Bektashi writings." In Albanian Identities: Myths, Narratives and Politics, by Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers and Bernd J. Fischer (eds, 60-69. London: Hurst, 2002.
  • Elsie, Robert. Historical Dictionary of Albania and Raymond Hutchings. Lanham: MD: Scarecrow, 2004.
  • Elsie, Robert. The Albanian Bektashi : History and Culture of a Dervish Order in the Balkans. London: I.B.Tauris, 2019.
  • Erdem C.. "Muhammet Ali̇ Hi̇lmi̇ Dedebaba erkân-nâmesi̇". Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli - Araştırma Dergisi. 2011. 57: 245-258.
  • Franklin Lewis, “Tarīqah,” The Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, ed. Lindsay Jones [original ed. Mircea Eliade; original article, A.H. Johns] (MacMillan Reference / Thomson Gale, 2005), 13: 9003-9015
  • Frashëri, Naim. Fletore E Bektashinjet. [in Albanian] Tiranë: Naim Frashëri, 2000.
  • Galland, Antoine, Nahid Sırrı Örik, Charles Henri Auguste Schefer, and Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Atatürk Kültür. İstanbul'a Ait Günlük Hatıralar (1672-1673). [in Turkish] Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1998.
  • Gramatikova, Nevena. "Ethnology of Sufi Orders: Theory and Practice. Proceedings of the British-Bulgarian Workshop on Sufi Orders." Paper presented at the the British-Bulgarian Workshop on Sufi Orders, 2000.
  • Gramatikova, Nevena, and International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Neortodoksalnii︠a︡T Isli︠a︡M V BŭLgarskite Zemi : Minalo I SŭVremennost. [in In Bulgarian, with summary in English.] 1. izd. ed. Sofii︠a︡: IK "Gutenberg", 2011.
  • Hafizović, Rešid. Islamic Studies 47, no. 2 (2008): 269-73. www.jstor.org/stable/20839122.
  • Hasluck, F. W. "Geographical Distribution of the Bektashi" The Annual of the British School at Athens (British School at Athens, 1916) 84-121. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30102759.
  • Köprülü, Fuat. Türk Edebiyatında İlk Mutasavvıflar, Ankara, 1976.
  • Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat, Gary Leiser, and Robert Dankoff. Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. London: Routledge, 2006.
  • Moosa, Matti. Extremist Shiites : The Ghulat Sects. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East. 1st ed. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1987.
  • Norris, H. T. Popular Sufism in Eastern Europe: Sufi brotherhoods and the dialogue with Christianity and 'heterodoxy'. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011.
  • Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. "Babaîler İsyanından Kızılbaşlığa: Anadolu'da İslâm Heterodoksisinin Doğuş ve Gelişim Tarihine Kısa Bir Bakış". Belleten, LXIV/239, 2000, 129-159.
  • Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. Bektaşi Menâkıbnâmelerinde İslam Öncesi İnanç Motifleri, İstanbul, 1983.
  • Qāḍī, Seyed Mohammad Hasan Āyat Al-Haq. Tehran, Iran: Intishārāt-i Hikmat, 1392.
  • Ramsaur, Ernest Edmondson. The Young Turks; Prelude to the Revolution of 1908. Princeton Oriental Studies: Social Science,. Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press, 1957.
  • Rapoport-Albert, Ada, and Deborah Greniman. Women and the Messianic Heresy of Sabbatai Zevi : 1666--1816. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization. Oxford ; Portland, Or.: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2011.
  • Renard, John. Tales of God's Friends: Islamic Hagiography. In Translation/Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
  • Rençber, Fevzi. Hakk Muhammed Ali Aşkı : "Adıyaman Alevileri". [in Turkish] 2014.
  • Rexhebi. Misticizma Islame Dhe Bektashizma. New York,: Printed by Waldon Press, 1970.
  • Ringgren, Helmer. "The Initiation Ceremony of the Bektashis". In the Initiation Ceremony of the Bektashis, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004378018_022
  • Safavi, Seyed Ghahreman. Rumi's Spiritual Shiʻism. [in English] [London]: London Academy of Iranian Studies Press, 2008.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill,: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.
  • Şişman, Cengiz. "Sabatay Sevi." In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 334-5: TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, 2008.
  • Statuti I Komunitetit Bektashian Shqiptar. [in Romanian] Vlore: Shtypshkronja "Vlora", 1924.
  • Stoyanov, Yuri. "Contested Post-Ottoman Alevi and Bektashi Identities in the Balkans and Their Shi`Ite Component." In Shi'i Islam and Identity : Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community, edited by Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon. London; New York: I.B. Tauris : Distributed in the United States and Canada exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
  • Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie and Bernd Jürgen Fischer. Albanian Identities: Myth and History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002.
  • Topuzkanamis E. "Bi̇r Bektaşî erkânnamesi̇". Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli- Araştırma Dergisi, 2010. 55: 421-436.
  • Trix, Frances. The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb. 1st ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2009.
  • Trix, Frances. Spiritual Discourse: Learning with an Islamic Master. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania. 1993.
  • Üçer, Cenksu. Tokat Yöresinde Geleneksel Alevilik. [in Turkish] Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2015.
  • Vorhoff, Karin. ""Let's Reclaim Our History and Culture!": Imagining Alevi Community in Contemporary Turkey." Die Welt des Islams 38, no. 2 (1998): 220-52.
  • William, A. Graham. "Ḥadīth Qudsī." In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. Encyclopaedia of Islam, 000: Brill.
  • Yıldırım, Rıza. “The Safavid-Qizilbash Ecumene and the Formation of the Qizilbash-Alevi Community in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1500–c. 1700”. Iranian Studies, (2019) 52:3-4, 449 483, DOI: 10.1080/00210862.2019.1646120
  • Yıldız, Harun. Anadolu Aleviliği : Amasya Yöresi Bağlamında Bir İnceleme. [in Turkish] Ankara: Ankara Okulu Yayınları, 2014.
  • Zarcone, Thierry, and Angela Hobart. Shamanism and Islam : Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. [in English] 2017.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Felsefe, Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Seyedamirhossein Asghari 0000-0001-8850-7591

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 27 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Asghari, Seyedamirhossein. “The Bektashi Order, Sufism, and Shī’īsm in the Work of Baba Rexheb, a Bektashi Sufi of 20th Century”. Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies 3/1 (Haziran 2021), 51-74. https://doi.org/10.48203/siader.799560.

Turkish Journal of Shiite Studies, Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.