Araştırma Makalesi
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The Investigation of the Relationship Between Early-Stage Entrepreneurship and Happiness in Emerging Countries with Panel Regression Method: The Role of Early-Stage Entrepreneurs

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 148 - 169, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1624131

Öz

Entrepreneurship is an interdisciplinary concept explained by economic, psychological and sociological theories. Therefore, in addition to earning money, entrepreneurs may engage in entrepreneurial activities for positive reasons such as being able to act individually, being useful to society, being satisfied with oneself, being innovative and needing to succeed. Many of these reasons for becoming an entrepreneur are expected to have effects on hap-piness. Because these reasons can help the entrepreneur to be motivated and make an intense effort for success. As a result of successful entrepreneurial activities, it will be pos-sible for both entrepreneurs to achieve internal satisfaction and the welfare of the country to increase. This situation may cause countries to be happier. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship on happiness. The sample of the study consists of 50 countries whose data can be accessed completely between 2015-2023. The obtained data were analyzed panel regression. Results reveal that entrepreneurship has an effect on happiness. The study contributes to the literature in terms of being a study that addresses the relationship between entrepreneurship and happiness at a macro level.

Kaynakça

  • Acs, Z. J., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Szerb, L. (2018). Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective. Small Business Economics, 51, 501-514.
  • Amo´ros, J. E., & Cristi, O. (2011). Poverty, human development and entrepreneurship. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Theory and evidence (pp. 209–230). Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Aparicio, S., Urbano, D., & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102, 45-61.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Carree, M. A., & Thurik, A. R. (2001). Does entrepreneurship reduce unemployment? (No. 01-074/3). Tinbergen Institute discussion paper.
  • Baltagi, H. B. (2013). Dynamic panel data models. İçinde Nigar Hashimzade & Michael A. Thornton (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Macroeconomics, 229-248, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Brück, T., Naudé, W. A., & Verwimp, P. (2013). Business under fire: Entrepreneurship and violent conflict in developing countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57, 3-19.
  • Chikh-Amnache, S., Chikh-Boubaghela, N., & Mekhzoumi, L. (2023). How does female entrepreneurship affect happiness?. Central European Economic Journal, 10(57), 180-197.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 185-199.
  • Dufour, J. M., Farhat, A., Gardiol, L., & Khalaf, L. (1998). Simulation-based finite sample normality tests in linear regressions. The Econometrics Journal, 1(1), 154-173.
  • Easterlin, R. A. (1995). Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all?. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 27(1), 35-47.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. & Tatham, R.L. (2006), Multivariate data analysis. (6th Edition), Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Sadykova, G., & Eleren, A. (2016). Girişimcilik eğilimi ile mutluluk algısı arasındaki ilişki: üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(5), 189-209.
  • Fowle, M. (2019). The entrepreneurial dream: Happiness, depression and freedom. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 305-322.
  • Johnson, S. L., Freeman, M. A., & Staudenmaier, P. J. (2015). Manic tendencies are not related to being an entrepreneur, intending to become an entrepreneur, or succeeding as an entrepreneur. Journal of Affective Disorders, 173, 154-158.
  • Karpat Çatalbaş, G., & Ouzini, A. S. (2023). Dengesiz panel veri ile atama yoluyla elde edilen dengeli panel veri sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, (11), 75-92.
  • Kaya, A., & Karahan, T. F. (2024). Üniversite öğretim elemanlarında bireysel yenilikçilik ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 188-201.
  • Khelil, N. (2016). The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(1), 72-94.
  • Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., Nizam, A., & Rosenberg, E. S. (2013). Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, 5th Edition. Nelson Education.
  • Kraaij, A., & Elbers, E. (2016). Job creation by the solo self-employed during the first years of business. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 103–122.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., Schindehutte, M., & Spivack, A. J. (2012). Framing the entrepreneurial experience. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 11-40.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2010). Entrepreneurship, developing countries and development economics: New approaches and insights. Small Business Economics Journal, 34(1), 1–12.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2011a). Entrepreneurship and economic development. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2011b). Entrepreneurship is not a binding constraint on growth and development in the poorest countries. World Development, 39(1), 33–44.
  • Naudé, W., Amorós, J. E., & Cristi, O. (2014). Surfeiting, the appetite may sicken: Entrepreneurship and happiness. Small Business Economics, 42, 523-540.
  • Özçoban, E., & Özkul, A. S. (2019). Temel Motivasyon Kaynaklarının Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerine Etkisi: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(3), 813-836.
  • Ram, R. (2009). Government spending and happiness of the population: additional evidence from large cross-country samples. Public Choice, 138, 483-490.
  • Ryff, C. D. (2019). Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: five venues for new science. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 646-663.
  • Sampaio, C., Correia, A., Braga, V. & Braga, A. M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurship framework conditions in total early-stage entrepreneurship activity: An international approach. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 9(3), 244-260.
  • Saraiva, H. I., Gabriel, V. M., Sánchez-García, J. C., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Cardella, G. M. (2021). Entrepreneurship and Happiness: Which İs the Link?. In Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures (pp. 372-389). IGI Global.
  • Schumpeter, J.A., (1934). The theory of economic development, translated by R. Opie from the 2nd German edition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Shamsi, R. S. H. A., Ameen, A. A., Isaac, O., Al-Shibami, A. H., & Khalifa, G. S. (2018). The impact of innovation and smart government on happiness: Proposing conceptual framework. International Journal of Management and Human Scienc, 2(2), 10-26.
  • Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
  • Stenholm, P., Pukkinen, T. & Heinonen, J. (2016). Firm growth in family businesses- the role of entrepreneurial orientation and the entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(2), 697-713.
  • Teixeira, A. A., & Vasque, R. (2020). Entrepreneurship and happiness: does national culture matter?. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25(1), 1-23.
  • Tekin, E. (2018). Girişimcilik ve inovasyon ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. VI. Uluslararası Çin’den Adriyatik’e Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 29-31 Mart 2018, Ankara.
  • Tekin, E. (2019). Girişimcilik ve sosyal sermaye. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Tekin, E. & Zorkun, M. (2019). E-ticaret algısının Y ve Z kuşaklarının girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisi: Kastamonu Üniversitesi örneği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(18), 117-146.
  • URL-1 (2023). List of developing countries 2023 according to the Development Assistance Committee= DAC of the OECD. Erişim Adresi: https://static.daad.de/media/daad_de/pdfs_nicht_barrierefrei/in-deutschland-studieren-forschen-lehren/dac_laenderliste_epos.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 04.03.2025.
  • Van der Zwan, P. & Hessels, J. (2019). Solo self-employment and wellbeing: An overview of the literature and an empirical illustration. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 169-188.
  • Van Gelderen, M. W., & Jansen, P. G. W. (2006). Autonomy as a startup motive. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 23–32.
  • Van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.
  • Veenhoven, R., & Dumludağ, D. (2015). İktisat ve mutluluk. İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 58, 46-51.
  • Wong, P., Ho, Y., & Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335–350.

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Girişimcilik ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin Panel Regresyon Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi Erken-Aşama Girişimlerin Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 148 - 169, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1624131

Öz

Girişimciler para kazanmanın yanı sıra bireysel hareket edebilme, topluma yararlı olma, kendini tatmin edebilme, yenilikçilik ve başarma ihtiyacı gibi olumlu nedenlerden dolayı da girişimcilik faaliyeti gerçekleştirebilir. Söz konusu girişimci olma nedenlerinin birçoğunun mutluluk üzerinde etkilerinin olması beklenmektedir. Çünkü bu nedenler girişimcinin motive olmasına ve başarı için yoğun bir gayret göstermesine katkı sunabilir. Başarılı girişim faaliyetleri sonucunda hem girişimcilerin içsel tatmine ulaşmaları hem de ülke refahının artması mümkün olacaktır. Bu durum ülkelerin daha mutlu olmasına sebebiyet verebilir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı girişimciliğin mutluluk üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi 2015-2024 yılları arasında verilerine ulaşılabilen 13 gelişmekte olan ülkeden oluşmaktadır. Veriler çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, erken aşama girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin mutluluk üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma girişimcilik ve mutluluk arasındaki ilişkiyi gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında makro düzeyde ele alan bir çalışma olması açısından literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmada tamamen veya kısmen insan araştırmalarını içeren anket, mülakat ya da görüşme tarzı birincil veri toplama yönteminden yararlanılmamıştır. Veriler açık erişim ile yayınlanan raporlardan ikincil veri toplama yön-temi vasıtasıyla elde edildiğinden dolayı etik kurul onayına gerek yoktur. Bunun dışında veri toplama ve bilimsel araştırma yazımının tüm etik kurallarına uyularak çalışma tamamlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Acs, Z. J., Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Szerb, L. (2018). Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective. Small Business Economics, 51, 501-514.
  • Amo´ros, J. E., & Cristi, O. (2011). Poverty, human development and entrepreneurship. In M. Minniti (Ed.), The dynamics of entrepreneurship: Theory and evidence (pp. 209–230). Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Aparicio, S., Urbano, D., & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102, 45-61.
  • Audretsch, D. B., Carree, M. A., & Thurik, A. R. (2001). Does entrepreneurship reduce unemployment? (No. 01-074/3). Tinbergen Institute discussion paper.
  • Baltagi, H. B. (2013). Dynamic panel data models. İçinde Nigar Hashimzade & Michael A. Thornton (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Macroeconomics, 229-248, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Brück, T., Naudé, W. A., & Verwimp, P. (2013). Business under fire: Entrepreneurship and violent conflict in developing countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57, 3-19.
  • Chikh-Amnache, S., Chikh-Boubaghela, N., & Mekhzoumi, L. (2023). How does female entrepreneurship affect happiness?. Central European Economic Journal, 10(57), 180-197.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 185-199.
  • Dufour, J. M., Farhat, A., Gardiol, L., & Khalaf, L. (1998). Simulation-based finite sample normality tests in linear regressions. The Econometrics Journal, 1(1), 154-173.
  • Easterlin, R. A. (1995). Will raising the incomes of all increase the happiness of all?. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 27(1), 35-47.
  • Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. & Tatham, R.L. (2006), Multivariate data analysis. (6th Edition), Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Sadykova, G., & Eleren, A. (2016). Girişimcilik eğilimi ile mutluluk algısı arasındaki ilişki: üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(5), 189-209.
  • Fowle, M. (2019). The entrepreneurial dream: Happiness, depression and freedom. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(3), 305-322.
  • Johnson, S. L., Freeman, M. A., & Staudenmaier, P. J. (2015). Manic tendencies are not related to being an entrepreneur, intending to become an entrepreneur, or succeeding as an entrepreneur. Journal of Affective Disorders, 173, 154-158.
  • Karpat Çatalbaş, G., & Ouzini, A. S. (2023). Dengesiz panel veri ile atama yoluyla elde edilen dengeli panel veri sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, (11), 75-92.
  • Kaya, A., & Karahan, T. F. (2024). Üniversite öğretim elemanlarında bireysel yenilikçilik ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 188-201.
  • Khelil, N. (2016). The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(1), 72-94.
  • Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., Nizam, A., & Rosenberg, E. S. (2013). Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods, 5th Edition. Nelson Education.
  • Kraaij, A., & Elbers, E. (2016). Job creation by the solo self-employed during the first years of business. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 103–122.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., Schindehutte, M., & Spivack, A. J. (2012). Framing the entrepreneurial experience. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), 11-40.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2010). Entrepreneurship, developing countries and development economics: New approaches and insights. Small Business Economics Journal, 34(1), 1–12.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2011a). Entrepreneurship and economic development. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Naudé, W. A. (2011b). Entrepreneurship is not a binding constraint on growth and development in the poorest countries. World Development, 39(1), 33–44.
  • Naudé, W., Amorós, J. E., & Cristi, O. (2014). Surfeiting, the appetite may sicken: Entrepreneurship and happiness. Small Business Economics, 42, 523-540.
  • Özçoban, E., & Özkul, A. S. (2019). Temel Motivasyon Kaynaklarının Girişimcilik Eğilimi Üzerine Etkisi: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(3), 813-836.
  • Ram, R. (2009). Government spending and happiness of the population: additional evidence from large cross-country samples. Public Choice, 138, 483-490.
  • Ryff, C. D. (2019). Entrepreneurship and eudaimonic well-being: five venues for new science. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 646-663.
  • Sampaio, C., Correia, A., Braga, V. & Braga, A. M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurship framework conditions in total early-stage entrepreneurship activity: An international approach. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development, 9(3), 244-260.
  • Saraiva, H. I., Gabriel, V. M., Sánchez-García, J. C., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., & Cardella, G. M. (2021). Entrepreneurship and Happiness: Which İs the Link?. In Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures (pp. 372-389). IGI Global.
  • Schumpeter, J.A., (1934). The theory of economic development, translated by R. Opie from the 2nd German edition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Shamsi, R. S. H. A., Ameen, A. A., Isaac, O., Al-Shibami, A. H., & Khalifa, G. S. (2018). The impact of innovation and smart government on happiness: Proposing conceptual framework. International Journal of Management and Human Scienc, 2(2), 10-26.
  • Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
  • Stenholm, P., Pukkinen, T. & Heinonen, J. (2016). Firm growth in family businesses- the role of entrepreneurial orientation and the entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(2), 697-713.
  • Teixeira, A. A., & Vasque, R. (2020). Entrepreneurship and happiness: does national culture matter?. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25(1), 1-23.
  • Tekin, E. (2018). Girişimcilik ve inovasyon ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma. VI. Uluslararası Çin’den Adriyatik’e Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 29-31 Mart 2018, Ankara.
  • Tekin, E. (2019). Girişimcilik ve sosyal sermaye. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Tekin, E. & Zorkun, M. (2019). E-ticaret algısının Y ve Z kuşaklarının girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerindeki etkisi: Kastamonu Üniversitesi örneği. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(18), 117-146.
  • URL-1 (2023). List of developing countries 2023 according to the Development Assistance Committee= DAC of the OECD. Erişim Adresi: https://static.daad.de/media/daad_de/pdfs_nicht_barrierefrei/in-deutschland-studieren-forschen-lehren/dac_laenderliste_epos.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 04.03.2025.
  • Van der Zwan, P. & Hessels, J. (2019). Solo self-employment and wellbeing: An overview of the literature and an empirical illustration. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 169-188.
  • Van Gelderen, M. W., & Jansen, P. G. W. (2006). Autonomy as a startup motive. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 23–32.
  • Van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.
  • Veenhoven, R., & Dumludağ, D. (2015). İktisat ve mutluluk. İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 58, 46-51.
  • Wong, P., Ho, Y., & Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: Evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335–350.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Panel Veri Analizi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erol Tekin 0000-0003-1166-7671

Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tekin, E. (2025). Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Girişimcilik ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin Panel Regresyon Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi Erken-Aşama Girişimlerin Rolü. Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 148-169. https://doi.org/10.30561/sinopusd.1624131