HİNDİSTAN UZAY PROGRAMININ KURULUŞ DÖNEMİ POLİTİKALARI VE KISA TARİHÇESİ

Yıl 2022, , 51 - 62, 20.03.2022

Ulaş Kutsi Çezik

https://doi.org/10.30692/sisad.1079575

Öz

Derin ve köklü bir medeniyet tarihine sahip olan Hindistan'ın uzayla olan ilişkisi antik döneme kadar uzanmaktadır. Soğuk Savaş Dönemi ile ortaya çıkan uzay rekabeti ise dünya çapında modern anlamda uzaya olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Hindistan’ın uzay macerası da bu ilginin bir tezahürü olarak İngilizler'den bağımsızlığını henüz aldığı kuruluş döneminin erken evreleri olarak adlandırılabilecek bir dönemde Jawaharlal Nehru, Vikram Sarabhai ve Homi Bhabha gibi Hindistan'ın önde gelen figürlerinin önderliğinde kısıtlı bir bütçeyle başlatılmıştır. Dönemin koşulları düşünüldüğünde ekonomik olarak darboğazdaki ülkenin yöneticilerinin uzay alanında dünya devleriyle bir yarışa girme vizyonu ortaya koyarak bunu uzun dönemde başarıya dönüştürmesi dikkat çekicidir. Hindistan uzay programı kapsamında tamamlanan projeler ve ulaşılan uzay teknolojisi kapasitesi, programın mevcut bütçesi göz önüne alınarak diğer uzay programlarıyla kıyaslandığında farklı bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Dünyanın sayılı uzay teknolojilerinden birine sahip olan Hindistan’ın uzay yolculuğunun tarihî seyrinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, Hindistan'ın uzay programının kuruluş aşaması politik ve tarihî boyutları ile ele alınarak açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hindistan Uzay Programı, Hindistan Uzay Programı Tarihçesi, Hindistan Uzay Araştırma Organizasyonu (ISRO), Vikram Sarabhai.

Establishment Period Policies and Brief History of Indian Space Program

Öz

Having a deep and rooted history of civilization, India's relationship with space dates back to the ancient time. The space competition that emerged with the Cold War Era has increased the interest in space in the modern sense worldwide. As a manifestation of this interest, India's space adventure was started/launced on a limited budget under the leadership of prominent figures of India such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Vikram Sarabhai and Homi Bhabha at a time that can be called the early stages of its establishment period when India had just gained its independence from the British. Considering the conditions of the period, it is noteworthy that the rulers of country which has economically bottleneck put forward the vision of getting into competition with the world giants in the space field and turning it into a success in the long run. The projects which was completed and the space technology capacity which was achieved within the scope of Indian space program present a different example compared to other space programs, taking into account the current budget of the program. In this study, the historical course of space travel of India which has one of the world's few space technologies is discussed and the establishment stage of India's space program is explained by considering its political and historical dimensions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

India Space Program, History of India Space Program, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram Sarabhai.

Kaynakça

• Referans1 Arawamudan, R., Arawamudan, G. (2017). ISRO: A Personal History. India: Haper Collins Publishers.
• Referans2 Basu, B., Khan, H. J. (2018). Marching Ahead with Science. Orissa: National Book Trust.
• Referans3 Biswas, B. B. (2008). Strategic Utility of Indian Satellites. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 69(2): 313-328.
• Referans4 Blamont, J. (2015). Starting the Indian Space Programme. M. Rao (Ed.), From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet India's Space Journey. Harper Collins Publishers.
• Referans5 Chandrashekar, S. (2011). India and the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. India Review, 10(4): 440-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14736489.2011.624034.
• Referans6 Choudhury, U. (1998). Twenty-five years of Indian Space Program. Economic and Political Weekly, 33(5): 212-213.
• Referans7 Harvey, B., Smid, H., Pirard, T. (2011). Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America. Springer Praxis Books in Space Exploration. Praxis Publishing.
• Referans8 Indian National Science Academy. (1984). Space Research in India Jan. 1982- Dec. 1983, Report prepared by Indian National Committee for Space Research, presented at XXV COSPAR Meeting, Graz, Austria.
• Referans9 Kalam, A. (2008). “Future of the Space Exploration and Human Development”, The Pardee Papers, No.1.
• Referans10 Kasturirangan, K. (2006). The First Ten KR Narayanan Orations: Essays by Eminent Persons on the Rapidly Transforming Indian Economy. R. Jha (Ed.), India’s Space Enterprise-A Case Study in Strategic Thinking and Planning içinde, Anu Press.
• Referans11 Moorthi, D. (2004). “What ‘Space Security’ Means to an Emerging Space Power.” Astropolitics, 2(2), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/14777620490489516.
• Referans12 Pal, Y. (2015). From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet India's Space Journey. M. Rao (Ed.), The Romance of the Indian Space Programme içinde, Harper Collins Publishers.
• Referans13 Nagappa, R. (2014). Evolution of Solid Propellant Rockets in India. Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi.
• Referans14 Rao, U. R. (2013). India's Rise as A Space Power. Cambridge India.
• Referans15 Sarabhai, M., ISRO Hero Vikram Sarabhai, 12 Ağustos 2020, Erişim Tarihi 13 Kasım 2020 https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/isro-vikram-sarabhai-birthday-centenary-mallika-sarabhai-tribute#read-more
• Referans16 Sheehan, M. (2007). The International Politics of Space. New York: Routledge.
• Referans17 Murthi, S., Sathyanarayan, M.N. (2015). From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet India's Space Journey. M. Rao (Ed.), Space and Industry Interface içinde, Harper Collins Publishers.
• Referans18 The Week, Congress lauds ISRO for Chandrayaan-2 project, Erişim Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2019. https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/07/22/congress-lauds-isro-for-chandrayaan-2-praises-roles-nehru-manmohan.html