The Concept of Covenant in Judaism in the Light of Ancient Near Eastern Culture of Legal Code

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 77 - 105, 28.07.2015

Eldar Hasanoğlu

Öz

Ancient Near Eastern nations thought they followed the legal codes which had been given by God. This approach was shared by ancient Hebrews also. The Hebrew believed that God did make covenants with the humankind and put laws as the content of them. There were great similarity between the concept of the covenant found in Jewish sacred texts and the patterns of legal codes found in ancient Near Eastern nations. This similarity can be seen in the nature, in the structure and format, in the scene of making covenant.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Judaism, Ancient Israelites, Covenant, Ancient Near East, Legal Codes

Eski Yakındoğu Kanunname Kültürü Işığında Yahudilikte Ahit Anlayışı

Öz

Eski Yakındoğu halkları uydukları kanunların tanrı tarafından verildiğini düşünmüşlerdir. Bu yaklaşım eski İbraniler tarafından da paylaşılmıştır. İbraniler Tanrının insanlıkla ahitleştiğini, ahdin içeriği olarak kurallar koyduğuna inanmışlardır. Yahudi kutsal metinlerinde yer alan ahit olgusu çevre halklarının kanunname örnekleriyle büyük benzerlik sergiler. Bu benzerlik hem ahdin mahiyetinde, hem yapısı ve biçiminde, hem de ahitleşme sahnesinde kullanılan terimlerde tebarüz etmektedir.Eski Yakındoğu bölgesinde ortaya çıkarılan arkeolojik bulgular sebebiyle 19. yüzyılda Yahudi kutsal metinleri, yani Tanah üzerine çalışmalarda önemli açılımlar yaşanmış, akademik çalışmalar ivme kazanmıştır.1 Dönemin akademik atmosferi gereği uzmanlar Tanah’ın kaynağı meselesine de eğilmiş, hem metin hem içerik tenkidi yöntemini uygulamışlar. Ahit konusu da bu bağlamda incelenen konular arasında yer almıştır.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yahudilik, Eski İsrailoğulları, Ahit, Eski Yakındoğu, Kanunname

Kaynakça

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