Araştırma Makalesi
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Adaptation of Citizenship Fatigue Scale into Turkish Culture: The Study of Reliability and Validity

Yıl 2023, , 558 - 576, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1377965

Öz

This study was conducted to adapt the "Citizenship Fatigue Scale," which was developed to measure the "Citizenship Fatigue" concept in Turkish culture. The adaptation study was conducted on two samples: academics and teachers. In this study, language, content, construct and criterion validity studies were conducted to determine the validity of the Citizenship Fatigue Scale. After the language validity of the scale was completed, data were collected from 330 teachers and 311 academics and analyses were performed. All analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS package programs. EFA, CFA and measurement invariance analysis by gender were conducted using the teachers’ data. The other sample group was academics working in public and private universities. With the data collected from this group, CFA and criterion-related validity were tested. The reliability study was carried out with an internal consistency coefficient and test-retest methods, and the scale was found to be reliable. As a result of the analyses, it can be said that the six-item unidimensional Citizenship Fatigue Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool and can be used to measure employees' citizenship fatigue in both academic and teacher samples.

Kaynakça

  • Altaf, A., Sajid, K., & Ali, S. Z. (2020). Challenge-hindrance stressors and psychological well-being: The moderating role of citizenship pressure and mediating role of citizenship fatigue. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 5(5), 231-239. http://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2020-55003
  • Armstrong-Stassen, M., & Ursel, N. D. (2009). Perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, and the retention of older workers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X288838
  • Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  • Bergeron, D. M. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: Good citizens at what cost?. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078-1095. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.26585791
  • Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Gorbaniuk, O., Bendayan, R., McNeill, M., Angeluci, A., Abreu, A. M., Ben-Ezra, M., Benvenuti, M., Blanca, M. J., Brkljacic, T., Babić, N. Č., Gorbaniuk, J., Holdoš, J., Ivanova, A., Karadağ, E., Malik, S., Mazzoni, E., Milanovic, A., Musil, B., Pantic, I., Rando, B., Seidman, G., D’Souza, L., Abeele, M. M. P. V., Wołonciej, M., Wu, A. M. S., & Yu, S. (2021). Measurement invariance of the phubbing scale across 20 countries. International Journal of Psychology, 56(6), 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12790
  • Bolino, M. C., & Klotz, A. C. (2015). The paradox of the unethical organizational citizen: The link between organizational citizenship behavior and unethical behavior at work. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.026
  • Bolino, M. C., Hsiung, H. H., & Harvey, J. (2012). A Challenge or a hindrance? Citizenship and citizenship fatigue. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 14404. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2012.14404abstract
  • Bolino, M. C., Hsiung, H. H., Harvey, J., & LePine, J. A. (2015). “Well, I’m tired of tryin’!” Organizational citizenship behavior and citizenship fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037583
  • Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542-559. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1847
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Buonocore, A. (2016). Too much of one good thing… from organizational citizenship behavior to citizenship fatigue: Where do we draw the line?. From Science to Practice, 2(1), 9-12.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. Basım). Ankara.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington R., Hutchison S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7, 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B., & Organ, D. W. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior in the people’s Republic of China. Organization Science, 15(2), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1030.0051
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800104
  • Gupta, B., & Singh, A. (2017). Predicting employee engagement, knowledge sharing & ocb. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(4), 675-688.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz) (2. Basım). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Halbesleben, J. R., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1452-1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017595
  • Hammack, M. (2018). Citizenship pressure, citizenship fatigue, and gender [Master's Thesis, Publicaton No. 10844944]. Azusa Pacific University.
  • Hedges, L. V. (1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics, 6(2), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.2307/1164588
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philosophical transactions of the royal society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0202
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology, 3, 1-49.
  • Lan, J., Gong, Y., & Yuan, B. (2022). Requested to do right things excessively: How citizenship pressure/future focus influence health-related work outcomes in health organizations during the pandemic. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 36(6), 748-766. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-10-2021-0374
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Liu, X., & Yu, K. (2019). Emotional stability and citizenship fatigue: The role of emotional exhaustion and job stressors. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.033
  • Malach-Pines, A. (2005). The burnout measure, short version. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.78
  • Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-Collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160204
  • Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee’s perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543-1567.
  • Muniz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). International test commission guidelines for test translation and adaptation. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.24
  • Narciso, C. D. (2017). Lack of reciprocity, organizational citizenship behaviors and citizenship fatigue: a tale of two theories [Master's Thesis]. University Institute of Lisbon.
  • Neves, P. C., & Andrade, C. (2021). Citizenship fatigue as mediator between compulsory citizenship behavior and work-family conflict. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 21(4), 1785-1791. https://doi.org/10.5935/rpot/2021.4.21945
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. Mcgraw Hill Book Company.
  • Paine, J. B., & Organ, D. W. (2000). The cultural matrix of organizational citizenship behavior: Some preliminary conceptual and empirical observations. Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00038-8
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206300026003
  • Qiu, Y., Lou, M., Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior motives and thriving at work: The mediating role of citizenship fatigue. Sustainability, 12(6), 2231. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062231
  • Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Criteria for scale selection and evaluation. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 1-16). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-590241-0.50005-8
  • Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edition). Pearson.
  • Tümkaya, S., Çam, S., & Çavuşoğlu, İ. (2009). Tükenmişlik ölçeği kısa versiyonu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
  • Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2010). Çalışanların algıladıkları örgütsel destek ve iş stresinin örgütsel özdeşleşme ve iş performansına etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 17(2), 183-206.
  • Xu, F., Xu, S., Zhu, J., Zhou, J., Zhang, B., & Yang, C. (2021). Why and when do good soldiers behave unethically? Introducing conservation of resources theory to explain the curvilinear effects of organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 619-657. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619657
  • Zugay, B. M. (2021). Stressed and confused: An exploration into citizenship fatigue and the dark side of workplace friendship [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Wisconsin.

Vatandaşlık Yorgunluğu Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2023, , 558 - 576, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1377965

Öz

Bu çalışma, "Vatandaşlık Yorgunluğu" kavramını ölçmek üzere geliştirilen "Vatandaşlık Yorgunluğu Ölçeği"nin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uyarlama çalışması akademisyenler ve öğretmenler olmak üzere iki farklı örneklem üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında vatandaşlık Yorgunluğu Ölçeği'nin geçerliliğini belirlemek için dil, kapsam, yapı ve kriter geçerliliği çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin dil geçerliliği tamamlandıktan sonra 330 öğretmen ve 311 akademisyenden veri toplanmış ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm analizler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerden toplanan verilerle AFA, DFA ve cinsiyete göre ölçüm değişmezliği analizleri yapılmıştır. Diğer örneklem grubu ise kamu ve özel üniversitelerde çalışan akademisyenlerdir. Bu gruptan toplanan verilerle DFA ve ölçüt bağıntılı geçerlilik test edilmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışması iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve test-tekrar test yöntemleri ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve ölçek güvenilir bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda altı maddelik tek boyutlu Vatandaşlık Yorgunluğu Ölçeği'nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ve hem akademisyen hem de öğretmen örnekleminde çalışanların vatandaşlık yorgunluğunu ölçmek için kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Altaf, A., Sajid, K., & Ali, S. Z. (2020). Challenge-hindrance stressors and psychological well-being: The moderating role of citizenship pressure and mediating role of citizenship fatigue. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 5(5), 231-239. http://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2020-55003
  • Armstrong-Stassen, M., & Ursel, N. D. (2009). Perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, and the retention of older workers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X288838
  • Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  • Bergeron, D. M. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: Good citizens at what cost?. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078-1095. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.26585791
  • Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Gorbaniuk, O., Bendayan, R., McNeill, M., Angeluci, A., Abreu, A. M., Ben-Ezra, M., Benvenuti, M., Blanca, M. J., Brkljacic, T., Babić, N. Č., Gorbaniuk, J., Holdoš, J., Ivanova, A., Karadağ, E., Malik, S., Mazzoni, E., Milanovic, A., Musil, B., Pantic, I., Rando, B., Seidman, G., D’Souza, L., Abeele, M. M. P. V., Wołonciej, M., Wu, A. M. S., & Yu, S. (2021). Measurement invariance of the phubbing scale across 20 countries. International Journal of Psychology, 56(6), 885-894. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12790
  • Bolino, M. C., & Klotz, A. C. (2015). The paradox of the unethical organizational citizen: The link between organizational citizenship behavior and unethical behavior at work. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 45-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.026
  • Bolino, M. C., Hsiung, H. H., & Harvey, J. (2012). A Challenge or a hindrance? Citizenship and citizenship fatigue. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 14404. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2012.14404abstract
  • Bolino, M. C., Hsiung, H. H., Harvey, J., & LePine, J. A. (2015). “Well, I’m tired of tryin’!” Organizational citizenship behavior and citizenship fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037583
  • Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542-559. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1847
  • Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
  • Buonocore, A. (2016). Too much of one good thing… from organizational citizenship behavior to citizenship fatigue: Where do we draw the line?. From Science to Practice, 2(1), 9-12.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. Basım). Ankara.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington R., Hutchison S. & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 7, 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Farh, J. L., Zhong, C. B., & Organ, D. W. (2004). Organizational citizenship behavior in the people’s Republic of China. Organization Science, 15(2), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1030.0051
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800104
  • Gupta, B., & Singh, A. (2017). Predicting employee engagement, knowledge sharing & ocb. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(4), 675-688.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz) (2. Basım). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Halbesleben, J. R., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1452-1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017595
  • Hammack, M. (2018). Citizenship pressure, citizenship fatigue, and gender [Master's Thesis, Publicaton No. 10844944]. Azusa Pacific University.
  • Hedges, L. V. (1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational Statistics, 6(2), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.2307/1164588
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philosophical transactions of the royal society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0202
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, C. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology, 3, 1-49.
  • Lan, J., Gong, Y., & Yuan, B. (2022). Requested to do right things excessively: How citizenship pressure/future focus influence health-related work outcomes in health organizations during the pandemic. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 36(6), 748-766. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-10-2021-0374
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Liu, X., & Yu, K. (2019). Emotional stability and citizenship fatigue: The role of emotional exhaustion and job stressors. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.033
  • Malach-Pines, A. (2005). The burnout measure, short version. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.1.78
  • Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-Collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160204
  • Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee’s perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543-1567.
  • Muniz, J., Elosua, P., & Hambleton, R. K. (2013). International test commission guidelines for test translation and adaptation. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.24
  • Narciso, C. D. (2017). Lack of reciprocity, organizational citizenship behaviors and citizenship fatigue: a tale of two theories [Master's Thesis]. University Institute of Lisbon.
  • Neves, P. C., & Andrade, C. (2021). Citizenship fatigue as mediator between compulsory citizenship behavior and work-family conflict. Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 21(4), 1785-1791. https://doi.org/10.5935/rpot/2021.4.21945
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. Mcgraw Hill Book Company.
  • Paine, J. B., & Organ, D. W. (2000). The cultural matrix of organizational citizenship behavior: Some preliminary conceptual and empirical observations. Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00038-8
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206300026003
  • Qiu, Y., Lou, M., Zhang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior motives and thriving at work: The mediating role of citizenship fatigue. Sustainability, 12(6), 2231. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062231
  • Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Criteria for scale selection and evaluation. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 1-16). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-590241-0.50005-8
  • Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edition). Pearson.
  • Tümkaya, S., Çam, S., & Çavuşoğlu, İ. (2009). Tükenmişlik ölçeği kısa versiyonu’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(1), 387-398.
  • Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2010). Çalışanların algıladıkları örgütsel destek ve iş stresinin örgütsel özdeşleşme ve iş performansına etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 17(2), 183-206.
  • Xu, F., Xu, S., Zhu, J., Zhou, J., Zhang, B., & Yang, C. (2021). Why and when do good soldiers behave unethically? Introducing conservation of resources theory to explain the curvilinear effects of organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 619-657. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619657
  • Zugay, B. M. (2021). Stressed and confused: An exploration into citizenship fatigue and the dark side of workplace friendship [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Wisconsin.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Örgütsel Davranış
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gizem Karadeniz 0000-0001-6405-177X

Hasan Hüseyin Uzunbacak 0000-0002-3297-1659

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Karadeniz, G., & Uzunbacak, H. H. (2023). Adaptation of Citizenship Fatigue Scale into Turkish Culture: The Study of Reliability and Validity. Sosyal Mucit Academic Review, 4(4), 558-576. https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1377965