Geç Kapitalizmden Dijital Kapitalizme Özneleşmenin Yörüngesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 434 - 455, 30.09.2023

Canan Urhan

https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1302640

Öz

Özneleşme söylem ve pratikleri kapitalizmin çeşitli evrelerinde dönüşüme uğramıştır. Özellikle geç kapitalizmde öznelliğin üretilmesinde kendilik teknolojileri ve yönetimsellik önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bireyin kendisini bir sermaye türü olarak konumlandırarak kendisine yatırım yapma ve kendi varlığının girişimcisi olması fikrinin egemen olduğu neoliberal öznellik söylemi, arzu ve psişik alana dair unsurların gayrimaddi emeğin parçası haline gelmesi bağlamında da tartışılmıştır. Günümüzde dijital teknolojilerin hayatın pek çok alanının ölçümlenerek düzenlenebilmesine çeşitli vasıtalarla olanak tanıması sonucunda kendilik teknolojileri bireyin kendisini optimize etme çabasına tekabül etmekte, psikolojik tahayyüllerin toplumsal tahayyülü sekteye uğratmasında katalizör rolü oynamaktadır. Dijital kapitalizm bu yönüyle kendilik teknolojilerini bütünüyle içerme yollarını edinmekte ve birey özgürlüğü ve seçme şansı temelinde eklektik iktidar ilişkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu özneleşme süreçlerini kavramlar ve örnek vakalar çerçevesinde incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

özneleşme, yönetimsellik, kendilik teknolojileri, psikopolitika, dijital kapitalizm

The Trajectory of Subjectivation from Late Capitalism to Digital Capitalism

Öz

Discourse and practices of subjectivation have been transformed in various phases of capitalism. Particularly in late capitalism, technologies of the self and governmentality play an important role in the production of subjectivity. The neoliberal discourse of subjectivity, which is dominated by the idea of investing in oneself and being the entrepreneur of one's own existence by positioning oneself as a type of capital, has also been discussed in the context of desire and elements of the psychic sphere becoming part of immaterial labor. Today, as a result of digital technologies enabling many areas of life to be measured and regulated through various means, technologies of the self correspond to the individual's effort to optimize himself/herself and play a catalytic role in the disruption of the social imaginary by psychological imaginaries. In this way, digital capitalism acquires ways of fully incorporating technologies of the self, and creates eclectic relations of power on the basis of individual freedom and choice. This paper examines these processes of subjectification through concepts and case studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

subjectivation, governmentality, technologies of the self, psychopolitics, digital capitalism

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