Araştırma Makalesi
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Knidoslu Ktesias’ın Hayatı, Eserleri ve Tarih Yazıcılığı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 51, 292 - 317, 31.12.2022

Öz

Bu makale Ktesias’ın hayatı, eserleri ve tarihyazıcılığı üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Ktesias’ın Knidos’ta doğduğu konusunda kaynaklar hemfikirdir ancak kesin doğum ve ölüm tarihi bilinmemektedir. II. Artakserkses’in iktidarı esnasında Pers Akhaimenid sarayında hekimlik yapmakla kalmamış aynı zamanda bazı diplomatik ilişkilerde de arabuluculuk görevi üstlenmiştir. Hekimlik görevi esnasında büyük çoğunluğu sözlü ve de yazılı kaynakları derleyip topladığı ve bunları düzyazı eserler haline dönüştürdüğü görülmektedir. Ktesias birisi Persika başlığı altında Pers tarihi, gelenekleri ve saray hayatı, diğeri Indika olarak adlandırılan Hindistan halkı, hayvanları, bitkileri ve coğrafyası üzerine iki önemli eser yazmıştır. Bu eserleriyle Küçük Asia’nın bir taraftan oldukça tartışmalı diğer taraftan en etkileyici yazarlarından birisi olmuştur. Onun ve eserlerinin etrafında dönen tartışmaların dört eksende ele alınması gerekmektedir. Birincisi onun Pers sarayına esir alınarak mı gittiğidir; ikincisi eğer esir alındıysa ne zaman götürüldüğüdür; üçüncüsü Pers sarayında kaç yıl kaldığıdır son olarak da tarihçi olarak adlandırılıp adlandırılamayacağıdır. Bu bağlamda da Ktesias’ın anlatımının doğruluğu ve Pers kaynaklarını kullandığına dair iddiası üzerine tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bazı antik ve modern yazarlar Ktesias’ı yalanlar uydurmakla ve eserlerinde kendisini öne çıkarmakla eleştirdiğinden kötü bir şöhrete sahip olmuştur. Biz bu çalışmamızda bütün bu tartışma noktalarını gözden geçirerek herşeye rağmen Ktesias’ın eserlerinin tarihi değerlerinin bazı yönlerden dikkate alınması ile ilgili önerilerde bulunmaya çalışacağız.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi

Kaynakça

  • Antik Kaynakça
  • Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. Or Banquet Of The Learned Of Athenaeus, with an English Translation by H. G. Bohn. London, York Street, Covent Garden. 1854.
  • Demetr. Herm. (= Demetrius, Peri Hermeneias)Demetrius on Style, with an English Translation by W. R. Roberts. Cambridge 1902. Diod. (= Diodoros) Diodorus Siculus. Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes, with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.
  • FGrHistDie fragmente der grieschischen Historiker, Edited by F. Jacoby.Vol.XVII.Berlin/Leiden 1923-1958. Hdt. (= Herodotos) Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.
  • Ksen. An. (= Ksenophon, Anabasis) Xenophon. Xenophon in Seven Volumes, with an English Translation by C. L. Brownson. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann, Ltd., London. 1922.
  • Ksen. Kyro. (= Ksenophon, Kyroupaideia) Xenophon. Xenophon in Seven Volumes, with an English Translation by W. Miller. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann, Ltd., London. 1914.
  • P. Oxy. (= Papyrus Oxyrhynchus XXII) içinde: R. G. Andria, “Novità testuali su P. Oxy. 2330 (Ctesias Cnidius, "FGrHist" 688 F 8b)”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 144, 2003, 15-18.
  • Plut. Art (= Plutarkhos, Artakserkses) Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives, with an English Translation by B. Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1926.
  • Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika) Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, with an English Translation and Edition by H. L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
  • Suda. lex. (Suda/Suidas, Suidae Lexicon) Suidae Lexicon, Edited by A. Adler. Vol. I-V. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner 1928-1938; Reprinted 1967-71, Stuttgart.
  • Thuk. (= Thukydides) Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War, with an English Translation by J. M. Dent. London/New York, E. P. Dutton. 1910.
  • Modern Kaynakça
  • Almagor, E. (2012). “Ctesias and the Importance of His Writings Revisited”, Electrum 19: 9-40.
  • Andria, R. G. (2003). “Novità testuali su P. Oxy. 2330 (Ctesias Cnidius, "FGrHist" 688 F 8b)”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 144: 15-18
  • Auberger, J. (1995). “Ctésias romancier”, L'Antiquité Classique 64: 57-73.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1976). “Ctesias’ Account of the Revolt of Inarus”, Phoenix 30/1: 1-25.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1978). “Ctesias as Historian of the Persian Wars”, Phoenix 32/1: 19-41.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1980). “Diodorus and Ctesias”, Phoenix 34/3: 195-207.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1986). “‘POxy’ 2330 and Ctesias” Phoenix 40/4: 393-406.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1989). “Ctesias’ Indica and Photius”, Phoenix 43: 302-316.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1993). “Ctesias’ Parrot”, Classical Quarterly 43/1: 321-327.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1995). “Ctesias, His Royal Patrons and Indian Swords”, Journal of Hellenic Studies 115: 135-140.
  • Boncquet, J. (1990). “Ctesias’ Assyrian King-List and his Chronology of Mesopotamian History”, Ancient Society 21: 5-16.
  • Briant, P. (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander. A History of the Persian Empire, (Trans. P. T. Daniels), Winona Lake.
  • Briant, P. (1996). Histoire de l’empire perse, Paris.
  • Brosius, M. (2000). The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I, (LACTOR-series 16), London.
  • Brown, T. S. (1978). “Suggestions for a Vita of Ctesias of Cnidus”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 27/1: 1-19.
  • Brunt, P. A. (1980). “On Historical Fragments and Epitomes”, Classical Quarterly 30: 477-494.
  • Cawkwell, G. (2005). The Greek Wars. The Failure of Persia, Oxford.
  • Cizek, A. (1975). “From the Historical Truth to the Literary Convention: The Life of Cyrus the Great Viewed by Herodotus, Ctesias and Xenophon”, L'Antiquité Classique 44/2: 531-552.
  • Demir, M. (2005). “Eskiçağ Tarih Yazıcılığında Herodotos’un Yeri ve Önemi”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 20, 2005: 59-78.
  • Dorati, M. (1995). “Ctesia falsario?”, Quaderni di storia 41: 33-52.
  • Drews, R. (1965). “Assyria in Classical Universal Histories”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 14: 129-142.
  • Drews, R. (1973). The Greek Accounts of Eastern History, Cambridge.
  • Eck, B. (1990). “Sur la vie de Ctésias,” Revue des études grecques 103.492/494: 409-434.
  • Forsdyke, E. J. (1956). Greece before Homer: Ancient Chronology and Mythology, London.
  • Garvin, E. E. (2002). A commentary on Photios’ Epitome of the Persika of Ktesias, Books 7 to 11: the life of Kyros (MA Thesis), University of Calgary.
  • Giangrande, G. (1976). “On an Alleged Fragment of Ctesias”, Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 23: 31-46.
  • Goossens, G. (1940). “L’histoire D’assyrie De Ktesias”, L'Antiquité Classique 9: 25-45.
  • Guarde, C. (2012). “The Roots of the ‘Astomi’ and ‘Monocoli’ in Ctesias and Megasthenes”, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 155/2: 215-218.
  • Holzberg, N. (1993). “Ktesias von Knidos unde der griechische Roman”, Würzburger Jahrbücher für die Altertumswissenschaft 19: 79-84.
  • Huyse, Ph. (1990). “Die persische Medizin auf der Grundlage Herodots Historien”, Ancient Society 21: 141-148.
  • Jacoby, F. (1922). “Ktesias”, Realencyclopädia der classischen Altertumwissenschaft, vol. XI, Stuttgart: cols. 2032-2073.
  • Johnston, E. H. (1942). “Ctesias on Indian Manna”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1: 29-35.
  • Karttunen, K. (1997). “Ctesias in Transmission and Tradition”, Topoi 7/2: 635-646.
  • Kuhrt, A. (2007). The Persian Empire. A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period I-II, London/New York.
  • Lenfant, D. (1996). “Ctésias et Hérodote ou les réécritures de l'histoire dans la Perse achéménide”, Revue des Études Grecques 109/2: 348-380.
  • Lenfant, D. (2000). “Nicolas de Damas et le corpus des fragments de Ktesias”, Ancient Society 30: 293-318
  • Lenfant, D. (2004). Ctésias de Cnide: La Perse, l’Inde, autres fragments, texte établi, traduit et commenté par D. Lenfant, Paris
  • Lenfant, D. (2012). “Ctesias and his Eunuchs: a Challange for Modern Historians”, Histos 6: 257-297.
  • Llewellyn-Jones, L. (2013). King and Court in Achaemenid Persia 559 to 331 BCE. Debates and docu­ments in ancient history, Edinburgh.
  • Llewellyn-Jones, L. - J. Robson, (2010). Ctesias’ History of Persia: Tales of the Orient, London/New York.
  • Macginnis, J. D. A. (1988). “Ctesias and the Fall of Nineveh”, Illinois Classical Studies 13/1: 37-42.
  • Marincola, J. (1997). Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography, Cambridge.
  • Meyer, E. (2018). “The Athenian Expedition to Egypt and the Value of Ctesias”, Phoenix 70.1/2: 43-61.
  • Momigliano, A. (1990). The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, (Sather Classical Lectures 54), Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
  • Munn, M. (2000). The School of History. Athens in the Age of Socrates, Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
  • Nichols, A. (2008). The Complete Fragments of Ctesias of Cnidus, Translation and Commentary With An Introduction (Phd Thesis), University of Florida.
  • Nutton, V. (2004). Ancient Medicine, London/New York.
  • Pedersén, O. (1998). Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda.
  • Posner, E. (1972). Archives in the Ancient World, Cambridge.
  • Pruša, L. (2021/2). “Ctesias in the Achaemenid Persia?”, Graeco-Latina Brunensia 26: 211-224.
  • Renehan, R. (1963). “Photius on Ctesias”, American Journal of Philology 84/1: 71.
  • Rettig, H. Ch. M. (1827). Ctesiae Cnidi vita cum appendice de libris quos Ctesias composuisse fertur, Hannover.
  • Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (1987). “Decadence in the Empire or Decadance in the Sources? From Source to Synthesis: Ctesias”, H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg (Ed.), Achaemenid History I: Sources, Structures and Synthesis, Leiden: 33-45.
  • Smith, W. R. (1887). “Ctesias and the Semiramis Legend”, English Historical Review 2/6: 303-317.
  • Stoneman, R. (2016). “The Justice of the Indians”, R. Seaford (Ed.), Universe and Inner Self in Early Indian and Early Greek Thought, Edinburg University Press: 251-264.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2004/5). “Ktesias of Cnidus, From Physician to Author”, Talanta 36-37: 101-122.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2007). “Ctesias of Cnidus, a Reappraisal”, Mnemosyne 60: 25-58.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2010). Ctesias’ Persian History, I: Introduction, Text, and Translation, Düsseldorf.
  • Tuplin, C. (2004). “Doctoring the Persians: Ctesias of Cnidus, Physician and Historian”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschicht 86/2: 305-347.
  • Vansina, J. (1965). Oral History. A Study in Historical Methodology [translation of Vansina 1961], London.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2015). “Ctesias’ın Anlatımlarında Ninus (Nemrut)”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 30/2: 573-590.
  • Waters, M. (2017). Ctesias’ Persica and its Near Eastern Context, Madison.
  • Zournatzi, A. (2019). “Smoke and Mirrors: Persia’a Aegean Policy and the Outbreak of ‘Cypriot War’”, S. Rogge - C. Ioannou- T. Mavrojannis (Eds), Salamis of Cyprus, History and Archaeology From the Earliest Times to the Antiquity, Conference in Nicosia, 21-23 May 2015, Münster/New York: 313-326.

Reconsiderations on The Life, Works and Historiography of Ctesias of Cnidus

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 51, 292 - 317, 31.12.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Antik Kaynakça
  • Athenaeus. The Deipnosophists. Or Banquet Of The Learned Of Athenaeus, with an English Translation by H. G. Bohn. London, York Street, Covent Garden. 1854.
  • Demetr. Herm. (= Demetrius, Peri Hermeneias)Demetrius on Style, with an English Translation by W. R. Roberts. Cambridge 1902. Diod. (= Diodoros) Diodorus Siculus. Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes, with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.
  • FGrHistDie fragmente der grieschischen Historiker, Edited by F. Jacoby.Vol.XVII.Berlin/Leiden 1923-1958. Hdt. (= Herodotos) Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.
  • Ksen. An. (= Ksenophon, Anabasis) Xenophon. Xenophon in Seven Volumes, with an English Translation by C. L. Brownson. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann, Ltd., London. 1922.
  • Ksen. Kyro. (= Ksenophon, Kyroupaideia) Xenophon. Xenophon in Seven Volumes, with an English Translation by W. Miller. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann, Ltd., London. 1914.
  • P. Oxy. (= Papyrus Oxyrhynchus XXII) içinde: R. G. Andria, “Novità testuali su P. Oxy. 2330 (Ctesias Cnidius, "FGrHist" 688 F 8b)”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 144, 2003, 15-18.
  • Plut. Art (= Plutarkhos, Artakserkses) Plutarch. Plutarch's Lives, with an English Translation by B. Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1926.
  • Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika) Strabo. The Geography of Strabo, with an English Translation and Edition by H. L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
  • Suda. lex. (Suda/Suidas, Suidae Lexicon) Suidae Lexicon, Edited by A. Adler. Vol. I-V. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner 1928-1938; Reprinted 1967-71, Stuttgart.
  • Thuk. (= Thukydides) Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War, with an English Translation by J. M. Dent. London/New York, E. P. Dutton. 1910.
  • Modern Kaynakça
  • Almagor, E. (2012). “Ctesias and the Importance of His Writings Revisited”, Electrum 19: 9-40.
  • Andria, R. G. (2003). “Novità testuali su P. Oxy. 2330 (Ctesias Cnidius, "FGrHist" 688 F 8b)”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 144: 15-18
  • Auberger, J. (1995). “Ctésias romancier”, L'Antiquité Classique 64: 57-73.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1976). “Ctesias’ Account of the Revolt of Inarus”, Phoenix 30/1: 1-25.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1978). “Ctesias as Historian of the Persian Wars”, Phoenix 32/1: 19-41.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1980). “Diodorus and Ctesias”, Phoenix 34/3: 195-207.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1986). “‘POxy’ 2330 and Ctesias” Phoenix 40/4: 393-406.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1989). “Ctesias’ Indica and Photius”, Phoenix 43: 302-316.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1993). “Ctesias’ Parrot”, Classical Quarterly 43/1: 321-327.
  • Bigwood, J. M. (1995). “Ctesias, His Royal Patrons and Indian Swords”, Journal of Hellenic Studies 115: 135-140.
  • Boncquet, J. (1990). “Ctesias’ Assyrian King-List and his Chronology of Mesopotamian History”, Ancient Society 21: 5-16.
  • Briant, P. (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander. A History of the Persian Empire, (Trans. P. T. Daniels), Winona Lake.
  • Briant, P. (1996). Histoire de l’empire perse, Paris.
  • Brosius, M. (2000). The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I, (LACTOR-series 16), London.
  • Brown, T. S. (1978). “Suggestions for a Vita of Ctesias of Cnidus”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 27/1: 1-19.
  • Brunt, P. A. (1980). “On Historical Fragments and Epitomes”, Classical Quarterly 30: 477-494.
  • Cawkwell, G. (2005). The Greek Wars. The Failure of Persia, Oxford.
  • Cizek, A. (1975). “From the Historical Truth to the Literary Convention: The Life of Cyrus the Great Viewed by Herodotus, Ctesias and Xenophon”, L'Antiquité Classique 44/2: 531-552.
  • Demir, M. (2005). “Eskiçağ Tarih Yazıcılığında Herodotos’un Yeri ve Önemi”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 20, 2005: 59-78.
  • Dorati, M. (1995). “Ctesia falsario?”, Quaderni di storia 41: 33-52.
  • Drews, R. (1965). “Assyria in Classical Universal Histories”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 14: 129-142.
  • Drews, R. (1973). The Greek Accounts of Eastern History, Cambridge.
  • Eck, B. (1990). “Sur la vie de Ctésias,” Revue des études grecques 103.492/494: 409-434.
  • Forsdyke, E. J. (1956). Greece before Homer: Ancient Chronology and Mythology, London.
  • Garvin, E. E. (2002). A commentary on Photios’ Epitome of the Persika of Ktesias, Books 7 to 11: the life of Kyros (MA Thesis), University of Calgary.
  • Giangrande, G. (1976). “On an Alleged Fragment of Ctesias”, Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 23: 31-46.
  • Goossens, G. (1940). “L’histoire D’assyrie De Ktesias”, L'Antiquité Classique 9: 25-45.
  • Guarde, C. (2012). “The Roots of the ‘Astomi’ and ‘Monocoli’ in Ctesias and Megasthenes”, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 155/2: 215-218.
  • Holzberg, N. (1993). “Ktesias von Knidos unde der griechische Roman”, Würzburger Jahrbücher für die Altertumswissenschaft 19: 79-84.
  • Huyse, Ph. (1990). “Die persische Medizin auf der Grundlage Herodots Historien”, Ancient Society 21: 141-148.
  • Jacoby, F. (1922). “Ktesias”, Realencyclopädia der classischen Altertumwissenschaft, vol. XI, Stuttgart: cols. 2032-2073.
  • Johnston, E. H. (1942). “Ctesias on Indian Manna”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1: 29-35.
  • Karttunen, K. (1997). “Ctesias in Transmission and Tradition”, Topoi 7/2: 635-646.
  • Kuhrt, A. (2007). The Persian Empire. A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period I-II, London/New York.
  • Lenfant, D. (1996). “Ctésias et Hérodote ou les réécritures de l'histoire dans la Perse achéménide”, Revue des Études Grecques 109/2: 348-380.
  • Lenfant, D. (2000). “Nicolas de Damas et le corpus des fragments de Ktesias”, Ancient Society 30: 293-318
  • Lenfant, D. (2004). Ctésias de Cnide: La Perse, l’Inde, autres fragments, texte établi, traduit et commenté par D. Lenfant, Paris
  • Lenfant, D. (2012). “Ctesias and his Eunuchs: a Challange for Modern Historians”, Histos 6: 257-297.
  • Llewellyn-Jones, L. (2013). King and Court in Achaemenid Persia 559 to 331 BCE. Debates and docu­ments in ancient history, Edinburgh.
  • Llewellyn-Jones, L. - J. Robson, (2010). Ctesias’ History of Persia: Tales of the Orient, London/New York.
  • Macginnis, J. D. A. (1988). “Ctesias and the Fall of Nineveh”, Illinois Classical Studies 13/1: 37-42.
  • Marincola, J. (1997). Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography, Cambridge.
  • Meyer, E. (2018). “The Athenian Expedition to Egypt and the Value of Ctesias”, Phoenix 70.1/2: 43-61.
  • Momigliano, A. (1990). The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, (Sather Classical Lectures 54), Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
  • Munn, M. (2000). The School of History. Athens in the Age of Socrates, Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
  • Nichols, A. (2008). The Complete Fragments of Ctesias of Cnidus, Translation and Commentary With An Introduction (Phd Thesis), University of Florida.
  • Nutton, V. (2004). Ancient Medicine, London/New York.
  • Pedersén, O. (1998). Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500–300 B.C., Bethesda.
  • Posner, E. (1972). Archives in the Ancient World, Cambridge.
  • Pruša, L. (2021/2). “Ctesias in the Achaemenid Persia?”, Graeco-Latina Brunensia 26: 211-224.
  • Renehan, R. (1963). “Photius on Ctesias”, American Journal of Philology 84/1: 71.
  • Rettig, H. Ch. M. (1827). Ctesiae Cnidi vita cum appendice de libris quos Ctesias composuisse fertur, Hannover.
  • Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (1987). “Decadence in the Empire or Decadance in the Sources? From Source to Synthesis: Ctesias”, H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg (Ed.), Achaemenid History I: Sources, Structures and Synthesis, Leiden: 33-45.
  • Smith, W. R. (1887). “Ctesias and the Semiramis Legend”, English Historical Review 2/6: 303-317.
  • Stoneman, R. (2016). “The Justice of the Indians”, R. Seaford (Ed.), Universe and Inner Self in Early Indian and Early Greek Thought, Edinburg University Press: 251-264.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2004/5). “Ktesias of Cnidus, From Physician to Author”, Talanta 36-37: 101-122.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2007). “Ctesias of Cnidus, a Reappraisal”, Mnemosyne 60: 25-58.
  • Stronk, J. P. (2010). Ctesias’ Persian History, I: Introduction, Text, and Translation, Düsseldorf.
  • Tuplin, C. (2004). “Doctoring the Persians: Ctesias of Cnidus, Physician and Historian”, Klio: Beiträge zur alten Geschicht 86/2: 305-347.
  • Vansina, J. (1965). Oral History. A Study in Historical Methodology [translation of Vansina 1961], London.
  • Yıldırım, E. (2015). “Ctesias’ın Anlatımlarında Ninus (Nemrut)”, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 30/2: 573-590.
  • Waters, M. (2017). Ctesias’ Persica and its Near Eastern Context, Madison.
  • Zournatzi, A. (2019). “Smoke and Mirrors: Persia’a Aegean Policy and the Outbreak of ‘Cypriot War’”, S. Rogge - C. Ioannou- T. Mavrojannis (Eds), Salamis of Cyprus, History and Archaeology From the Earliest Times to the Antiquity, Conference in Nicosia, 21-23 May 2015, Münster/New York: 313-326.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Muzaffer Demir 0000-0001-7270-2317

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 22 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, M. (2022). Knidoslu Ktesias’ın Hayatı, Eserleri ve Tarih Yazıcılığı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(51), 292-317.

Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (SOBBİAD) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı CC BY-NC 4.0 ile lisanslanmıştır.