Alfred Adler’in Kişilik Kuramı’nın Demokrasi Düşüncesi Açısından Önemi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 22, 157 - 180, 06.01.2012

Semih Eker

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı önemli kişilik kuramcılarından biri olan Alfred Adler’in demokrasi düşüncesi açısından önemini tartışmaktır. Demokrasiye ilişkin tartışmalar genelde daha iyi bir demokrasinin nasıl elde edilebileceği sorusu etrafındadır. Bunun için bir yandan çeşitli demokrasi teorileri (çoğulcu, katılmacı, temsili, liberal, radikal vb.) ortaya konurken, diğer yandan demokrasinin fiziki altyapısı denilebilecek sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve politik koşulları tanımlanır. Politik psikoloji disiplininin ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte tartışmaya demokrasinin psikolojik temelleri de dahil olmuştur. Bu çerçevede demokrasinin gelişmesinin, büyük ölçüde demokrat kişiliğe bağlı olduğu düşüncesi öne çıkmıştır. Demokrat kişilik için politika bireyin ve toplumun gelişmesine yönelik kamusal bir edim, demokrasi ise bunu öğrenme sürecidir. Psikolojinin önemli isimlerinden Alfred Adler'in kişilik kuramı, demokrat kişiliğin psikolojik temellerini anlamak için önemli bir kaynaktır. Özellikle “yararlı tip” demokrat kişilik imgesine iyi bir örnektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alfred Adler, Demokrasi, Demokrat Kişilik, Yararlı tip

The Importance Of Alfred Adler’s Personality Theory In Terms Of Democratic Thought

Öz

The Importance Of Alfred Adler’s Personality Theory In Terms Of Democratic Thought The purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of Alfred Adler on democratic thinking. In general, the democracy debate, carried on the question of how we can build a better democracy. For this, on the one hand stated that the various theories of democracy (pluralist, participative, presentative, liberal, radical etc.), on the other hand, the social, political, economic, cultural conditions of democracy is defined. With the emergence of the discipline of political psychology, psychological foundations of democracy have been included in the discussion. In this context, the idea that the improvement of democracy largely due to the democratic personality came to the fore. For the democratic people, policy, aimed at developing a public act of the individual and society, democracy is a process of learning it. Key figure of Alfred Adler’s personality theory of psychology is an important source of for understanding the psychological foundations of democratic personality. Especially, the “socially useful type” is a good example of the image of democractic personality

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alfred Adler, Democracy, Democratic Personality, Socially useful type

Kaynakça

• Adler, A. (1964). The Structure and Prevention of Delinquency, Heinz L. and Rowena R. Ansbacher, (der.). Superiority and social interest: a collection of later writings. Norwich: Fletcher&Son Ltd.
• Adler, A. (2001). The Pattern of Life, Walter Béran Wolfe (Ed.). Alfred Adler: The Pattern of Life, London, Routledge.
• Adler, A. (2006). The general system of individual psychology: overview and summary of classical Adlerian theory & current practice. Henry Stein (der.), The collected clinical works of Alfred Adler, (Vol. 12.). Bellingham: Alfred Adler Institute.
• Adler, A. (2002). Bireysel Psikoloji, (çev: Halis Özgü), İstanbul: Hayat.
• Adler, A. (2002). İnsanı Tanıma Sanatı, İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
• Ansbacher, H. L. (1964). The Increasing Recognition of Adler. Heinz Ludwig Ansbacher and Rowena R. Ansbacher (der.). Superiority and Social Interest: A Collection of Later Writings. Norwich: Fletcher & Son Ltd.
• Bottome, P. (1957). Alfred Adler: A Portrait from Life. New York: The Vanguard Press.
• Deutsch, M. and Kinnvall, C. (2002), “What Is Political Psychology”, Kristen Renwick Monroe (Ed). Political Psychology, USA, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.
• Fogiel, M. (2003). The Psychology Problem Solver. New Jersey: Research & Education Assoc.
• Furtmüller, C. (1964). Alfred Adler: A Biographical Essay. Heinz Ludwig Ansbacher, Rowena R. Ansbacher (der.). Superiority and social interest: a collection of later writings. Norwich: Fletcher&Son Ltd.
• Ganz, M. (2001). The Psychology of Alfred Adler and the Development of the Child. (trans: Philip Mairet). London: Routledge.
• Gould, C. (1988). Rethinking Democracy: Freeedom and Social Cooperation in Politics, economy, New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Inkeles, A. (1961). National Character: A Psycho-Social Perspective. Homewood: Dorsey Press.
• Jarvis, M. and Russel, J. (2002). Key Ideas in Psychology. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.
• Lasswell, H. D. (1951). Democratic Character. Harold D. Lasswell (der.) The Political Writings of Harold D. Lasswell. Glencoe: The Free Press.
• Lasswell, H. D. (2009). Power and Personality. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
• Lane, R. (1962). Political Ideology. New York: The Free Press.
• Mosak, H. and Maniacci, M. (1999). A Primer of Adlerian Psychology: The Analytic-Behavioral-Cognitive London: Routledge. Psychology of Alfred Adler.
• Muller, A. (2003). The Collected Works of Alexander Muller. Vol. 1. Bellingham: Alfred Adler Institute.
• Nozick, R. (2001). Invariances: The Structure of the Objective World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Sartori, G. (1996). Demokrasi Teorisine Geri Dönüş. (çev: Tunçer Karamustafaoğlu-Mehmet Turhan). Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları.
• Schwan, G. (2001). Politics and Guilt: The Destructive Power of Silence. (trans: Thomas Dunlap). USA: University of Nebraska Press.
• Schultz, D. P. and Schultz, S. E. (2002). Theories of Personality. Belmont: Thomson.
• Tocqueville, A. (1932). Democracy in America, vol 1, (trans: Henry Reeve), New York: Scatcherd and Adams.
• Ward, D. (2002). “Political Psychology: Origins and Development”, Kristen Renwick Monroe (Ed). Political Psychology, USA, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers.