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The Impact of Health on GDP by Income Groups: A Panel Data Analysis

Yıl 2023, , 401 - 417, 26.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19

Öz

Health and economic growth indicators are important indicators used in the policy-making process. For this reason, the effect of health indicators on economic indicators is examined in the study. The data of 169 countries belonging to different income groups between 2000 and 2019 were analysed using panel data analysis. The findings show that the share of gross domestic product allocated to health has a positive effect on economic growth only in low-income countries, while this effect is negative in other income groups. It is seen that the increase in the amount of health expenditure per capita in the income group countries has a positive effect on economic indicators. Based on the relationships between indicators, the study findings provide evidence for policymakers to make long-term decisions.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, E. et al. (2015), “Analysis of Factors Affecting Growth of Pension Mutual Funds in Turkey”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 427- 433.
  • Akram, N. et al. (2008), “The Long-Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 47(4), 487-500.
  • Apergis, N. et al. (2020), “Health Care Expenditure and Environmental Pollution: A Cross-Country Comparison Across Different Income Groups”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(8), 8142-8156.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2013), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baltagi, B.H. et al. (2017), “Health Care Expenditure and Income: A Global Perspective”, Health Economics, 26(7), 863-874.
  • Bedir, S. (2016), “Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”, Advances in Economics and Business, 4(2), 76-86.
  • Bhargava, A. et al. (2001), “Modeling The Effects of Health on Economic Growth”, Journal of Health Economics, 20(3), 423-440.
  • Bilgili, F. et al. (2021), “The roles of economic growth and health expenditure on CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries: a quantile regression model approach”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 44949-44972.
  • Bloom, D.E. & D. Canning (2008), “Population Health and Economic Growth”, The World Bank Working Paper Nr. 24, 47588.
  • Bloom, D.E. et al. (2004), “The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach”, World Development, 32(1), 1-13.
  • Bloom, D.E. et al. (2018), Health and Economic Growth, Available at SSRN 3301688.
  • Boztosun, D. & F. Adlı (2022), “Sağlık Harcamaları, Çevre Kirliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye üzerinde Ampirik bir Uygulama”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 538-549.
  • Chaabouni, S. et al. (2016), “On The Causal Dynamics Between CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, 184-191.
  • Cooray, A. (2013), “Does Health Capital Have Differential Effects on Economic Growth?”, Applied Economics Letters, 20(3), 244-249.
  • Dinçer, H. & S. Yuksel (2019), “Identifying The Causality Relationship Between Health Expenditure and Economic Growth: An Application on E7 Countries”, Journal of Health Systems and Policies, 1(1), 5-23.
  • Dormont, B. et al. (2006), “Health Expenditure Growth: Reassessing the Threat of Ageing”, Health Economics, 15(9), 947-963.
  • Erçelik, G. (2018), “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Turkey from 1980 to 2015”, Journal of Politics Economy and Management, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Esen, E. & M. Celik-Kecili (2022), “Economic growth and health expenditure analysis for Turkey: evidence from time series”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(3), 1786-1800.
  • Granados, J.A.T. (2012), “Economic Growth and Health Progress in England and Wales: 160 Years of A Changing Relation”, Social Science & Medicine, 74(5), 688-695.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, Mcgraw Hill: New York.
  • Mitra, R. & M. Abedin (2020), “Population Ageing and FDI Inflows in Japan: ARDL Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, Economics Bulletin, 40(2), 1814-1825.
  • Murray, C.J. & A.D. Lopez (1997), “Regional Patterns of Disability-Free Life Expectancy and Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy: Global Burden of Disease Study”, The Lancet, 349(9062), 1347-1352.
  • Mushkin, S.J. (1962), “Health As an Investment”, Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 129-157.
  • Narayan, S. et al. (2010), “Investigating The Relationship Between Health and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from A Panel of 5 Asian Countries”, Journal of Asian Economics, 21(4), 404-411.
  • Neofytidou, A. & S. Fountas (2020), “The Impact of Health on GDP: A Panel Data Investigation”, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 21, E00139.
  • OECD (2006), “Projecting OECD Health And Long-Term Care Expenditures: What Are the Main Drivers?”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 477, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD (2021), Health, Population and Economic Statistics Database, <https://stats.oecd.org/>, 12.04.2021.
  • Oğul, B. (2022), “G7 Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, Ekinoks Ekonomi İşletme ve Siyasal Çalışmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 128-140.
  • Piabuo, S.M. & J.C. Tieguhong (2017), “Health Expenditure and Economic Growth-A Review of The Literature and An Analysis Between the Economic Community for Central African States (CEMAC) and Selected African Countries”, Health Economics Review, 7(1), 1-13.
  • Pitariu, A.H. & R.E. Ployhart (2010), “Explaining Change: Theorizing and Testing Dynamic Mediated Longitudinal Relationships”, Journal of Management, 36(2), 405-429.
  • Raghupathi, V. & W. Raghupathi (2020), “Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Performance: Insights from The United States Data”, Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 156.
  • Scheffler, R.M. & D.R. Arnold (2019), “Projecting Shortages and Surpluses of Doctors and Nurses in the OECD: What Looms Ahead”, Health Economics, Policy and Law, 14(2), 274-290.
  • Schuller, T. (2001), “The complementary roles of human and social capital”, Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 18-24.
  • Sethi, N. et al. (2020), “Health Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries”, Global Business Review, 1-15.
  • Šídlo, L. et al. (2020), “A Retrospective and Prospective View of Current and Future Population Ageing in The European Union 28 Countries”, Moravian Geographical Reports, 28(3), 187-207.
  • Swift, R. (2011), “The Relationship Between Health and GDP in OECD Countries in The Very Long Run”, Health Economics, 20(3), 306-322.
  • The World Bank (2021), Health and Economic Statistics Database, <https://data.worldbank.org/Indicator>, 20.04.2021.
  • Wang, Z. et al. (2019), “Dynamic Linkages Among CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures, and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
  • Well, D.N. (2007), “Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1265-1306.
  • WHO (2005), “Make Every Mother and Child Count”, The World Health Report, World Health Organization.
  • WHO (2018), World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring Health for The SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals, World Health Organization.
  • Yang, B. & M. Usman (2021), “Do industrialization, economic growth and globalization processes influence the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures? Fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for countries with the highest healthcare expenditures”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 893-910.
  • Zaidi, S. & K. Saidi (2018), “Environmental Pollution, Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in The Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: Panel ARDL Approach”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 833-840.

Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2023, , 401 - 417, 26.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19

Öz

Sağlık ve ekonomik büyüme göstergeleri politika oluşturma sürecinde kullanılan önemli göstergelerdir. Bu nedenle çalışmada sağlık göstergelerinin ekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Farklı gelir gruplarına ait toplam 169 ülkenin 2000-2019 yılları arasındaki verileri panel veri analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, gayrisafi yurtiçi hasıladan sağlığa ayrılan payın sadece düşük gelir grubu ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeye pozitif yönde bir etki yaptığı diğer gelir gruplarında bu etkinin negatif olduğunu göstermektedir. Bütün gelir grubu ülkelerde kişi başı sağlık harcama miktarındaki artışın ekonomik göstergelere olumlu etki yaptığı görülmektedir. Çalışma bulgularının göstergeler arasındaki ilişkilere dayanarak, politika yapıcıların uzun vadeli kararlar almalarına kanıt sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, E. et al. (2015), “Analysis of Factors Affecting Growth of Pension Mutual Funds in Turkey”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2), 427- 433.
  • Akram, N. et al. (2008), “The Long-Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 47(4), 487-500.
  • Apergis, N. et al. (2020), “Health Care Expenditure and Environmental Pollution: A Cross-Country Comparison Across Different Income Groups”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(8), 8142-8156.
  • Baltagi, B.H. (2013), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Baltagi, B.H. et al. (2017), “Health Care Expenditure and Income: A Global Perspective”, Health Economics, 26(7), 863-874.
  • Bedir, S. (2016), “Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries”, Advances in Economics and Business, 4(2), 76-86.
  • Bhargava, A. et al. (2001), “Modeling The Effects of Health on Economic Growth”, Journal of Health Economics, 20(3), 423-440.
  • Bilgili, F. et al. (2021), “The roles of economic growth and health expenditure on CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries: a quantile regression model approach”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 44949-44972.
  • Bloom, D.E. & D. Canning (2008), “Population Health and Economic Growth”, The World Bank Working Paper Nr. 24, 47588.
  • Bloom, D.E. et al. (2004), “The Effect of Health on Economic Growth: A Production Function Approach”, World Development, 32(1), 1-13.
  • Bloom, D.E. et al. (2018), Health and Economic Growth, Available at SSRN 3301688.
  • Boztosun, D. & F. Adlı (2022), “Sağlık Harcamaları, Çevre Kirliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye üzerinde Ampirik bir Uygulama”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 538-549.
  • Chaabouni, S. et al. (2016), “On The Causal Dynamics Between CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures and Economic Growth”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, 184-191.
  • Cooray, A. (2013), “Does Health Capital Have Differential Effects on Economic Growth?”, Applied Economics Letters, 20(3), 244-249.
  • Dinçer, H. & S. Yuksel (2019), “Identifying The Causality Relationship Between Health Expenditure and Economic Growth: An Application on E7 Countries”, Journal of Health Systems and Policies, 1(1), 5-23.
  • Dormont, B. et al. (2006), “Health Expenditure Growth: Reassessing the Threat of Ageing”, Health Economics, 15(9), 947-963.
  • Erçelik, G. (2018), “The Relationship Between Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Turkey from 1980 to 2015”, Journal of Politics Economy and Management, 1(1), 1-8.
  • Esen, E. & M. Celik-Kecili (2022), “Economic growth and health expenditure analysis for Turkey: evidence from time series”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(3), 1786-1800.
  • Granados, J.A.T. (2012), “Economic Growth and Health Progress in England and Wales: 160 Years of A Changing Relation”, Social Science & Medicine, 74(5), 688-695.
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, Mcgraw Hill: New York.
  • Mitra, R. & M. Abedin (2020), “Population Ageing and FDI Inflows in Japan: ARDL Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, Economics Bulletin, 40(2), 1814-1825.
  • Murray, C.J. & A.D. Lopez (1997), “Regional Patterns of Disability-Free Life Expectancy and Disability-Adjusted Life Expectancy: Global Burden of Disease Study”, The Lancet, 349(9062), 1347-1352.
  • Mushkin, S.J. (1962), “Health As an Investment”, Journal of Political Economy, 70(5, Part 2), 129-157.
  • Narayan, S. et al. (2010), “Investigating The Relationship Between Health and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from A Panel of 5 Asian Countries”, Journal of Asian Economics, 21(4), 404-411.
  • Neofytidou, A. & S. Fountas (2020), “The Impact of Health on GDP: A Panel Data Investigation”, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 21, E00139.
  • OECD (2006), “Projecting OECD Health And Long-Term Care Expenditures: What Are the Main Drivers?”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 477, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • OECD (2021), Health, Population and Economic Statistics Database, <https://stats.oecd.org/>, 12.04.2021.
  • Oğul, B. (2022), “G7 Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı”, Ekinoks Ekonomi İşletme ve Siyasal Çalışmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 128-140.
  • Piabuo, S.M. & J.C. Tieguhong (2017), “Health Expenditure and Economic Growth-A Review of The Literature and An Analysis Between the Economic Community for Central African States (CEMAC) and Selected African Countries”, Health Economics Review, 7(1), 1-13.
  • Pitariu, A.H. & R.E. Ployhart (2010), “Explaining Change: Theorizing and Testing Dynamic Mediated Longitudinal Relationships”, Journal of Management, 36(2), 405-429.
  • Raghupathi, V. & W. Raghupathi (2020), “Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Performance: Insights from The United States Data”, Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 156.
  • Scheffler, R.M. & D.R. Arnold (2019), “Projecting Shortages and Surpluses of Doctors and Nurses in the OECD: What Looms Ahead”, Health Economics, Policy and Law, 14(2), 274-290.
  • Schuller, T. (2001), “The complementary roles of human and social capital”, Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 18-24.
  • Sethi, N. et al. (2020), “Health Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries”, Global Business Review, 1-15.
  • Šídlo, L. et al. (2020), “A Retrospective and Prospective View of Current and Future Population Ageing in The European Union 28 Countries”, Moravian Geographical Reports, 28(3), 187-207.
  • Swift, R. (2011), “The Relationship Between Health and GDP in OECD Countries in The Very Long Run”, Health Economics, 20(3), 306-322.
  • The World Bank (2021), Health and Economic Statistics Database, <https://data.worldbank.org/Indicator>, 20.04.2021.
  • Wang, Z. et al. (2019), “Dynamic Linkages Among CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures, and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(15), 15285-15299.
  • Well, D.N. (2007), “Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1265-1306.
  • WHO (2005), “Make Every Mother and Child Count”, The World Health Report, World Health Organization.
  • WHO (2018), World Health Statistics 2018: Monitoring Health for The SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals, World Health Organization.
  • Yang, B. & M. Usman (2021), “Do industrialization, economic growth and globalization processes influence the ecological footprint and healthcare expenditures? Fresh insights based on the STIRPAT model for countries with the highest healthcare expenditures”, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 28, 893-910.
  • Zaidi, S. & K. Saidi (2018), “Environmental Pollution, Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in The Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: Panel ARDL Approach”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 833-840.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Büyüme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şafak Kıran 0000-0003-4805-0464

Ferit Sevim 0000-0001-6935-9650

Osman Şenol 0000-0001-5626-2921

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıran, Ş., Sevim, F., & Şenol, O. (2023). Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 31(57), 401-417. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19
AMA Kıran Ş, Sevim F, Şenol O. Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. Temmuz 2023;31(57):401-417. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19
Chicago Kıran, Şafak, Ferit Sevim, ve Osman Şenol. “Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 31, sy. 57 (Temmuz 2023): 401-17. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19.
EndNote Kıran Ş, Sevim F, Şenol O (01 Temmuz 2023) Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Sosyoekonomi 31 57 401–417.
IEEE Ş. Kıran, F. Sevim, ve O. Şenol, “Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 57, ss. 401–417, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19.
ISNAD Kıran, Şafak vd. “Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 31/57 (Temmuz 2023), 401-417. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19.
JAMA Kıran Ş, Sevim F, Şenol O. Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:401–417.
MLA Kıran, Şafak vd. “Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 31, sy. 57, 2023, ss. 401-17, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.03.19.
Vancouver Kıran Ş, Sevim F, Şenol O. Gelir Gruplarına Göre Sağlığın Gelir Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(57):401-17.