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Yapısal Kırılmaların Varlığında Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyümenin Belirleyicileri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 42, 11 - 28, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01

Öz

Sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme, çevresel olarak düzeltilmiş net yerli hasılada sürekli bir artıştır (Bartelmus, 1994). Bu çalışma, 1977-2017 dönemi için doğal gaz tüketiminin ve dışa açıklığın Türkiye’nin ekonomik büyümesindeki rolünü incelemektedir. Türkiye bu dönemde çeşitli siyasi ve ekonomik şoklar geçirdi. Bu nedenle, makale ekonomik büyüme ve belirleyicileri arasındaki ilişkiyi yapısal kırılmaların varlığında araştırmak için Kejriwal ve Perron (2010) yapısal kırılma testini kullanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, değişkenlerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini alt rejimler yoluyla ayrıntılı bir şekilde göstererek, tahminlerde kırılmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır .

Kaynakça

  • Abbasian, E. & M. Nazari & M. Nasrindost (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Iranian Economy: Testing the Causality Relationship”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 5(5), 374-381.
  • Acaravcı, A. (2010), “Structural Breaks, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, Journal for Economic Forecasting, 2, 140-154.
  • Acaravcı, A. & I. Öztürk (2012), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: A Multivariate Analysis for Turkey”, Amfiteatru Economic, 14(31), 246-257.
  • Akarca, A.T. & T.V. Long (1980), “On the Relationship between Energy and GNP: A Reexamination”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 5(2), 326-331.
  • Altınay, G. & E.T. Karagöl (2005), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, Energy Economics, 27, 849-856.
  • Andrews, D.W.K. & W. Ploberger (1994), “Optimal tests when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative”, Econometrica, 62, 1383-1414.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2009), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States”, Energy Economics, 31, 641-647.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2010), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth: A panel investigation of 67 countries”, Applied Energy, 87, 2759-2763.
  • Aqeel, A. & M.S. Butt (2001), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan”, Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8(2), 101-110.
  • Arı, A. & R. Cergibozan (2014), “The Recent History of Financial Crises in Turkey”, JETAS, 2(1), 31-46.
  • Aydoğan, E.T. (2010), Capital Account Convertibility: The Turkish Case, Lap-Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN-10: 3843367434.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (1998), “Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes”, Econometrica, 66, 47-68.
  • Balitskiy, S. & Y. Bilan & W. Strielkowski & D. Streimikiene (2016), “Energy efficiency and natural gas consumption in the context of economic development in the European Union”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 156-168.
  • Bartelmus, P. (1994), “Green Accounting for a National Strategy of Sustainable Development - The Case of Papua New Guinea”, Ambio, 23(8), 509-514.
  • Belke, A. & C. Dreger & F. Haan (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth - New Insights into the Cointegration Relationship”, Ruhr Graduate School in Economics, Ruhr Economic Papers, 190, 1-24.
  • Binh, P.T. (2011), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Vietnam: Threshold Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 1(1), 1-17.
  • Boratav, K. & E. Yeldan (2006), “Turkey, 1980-2000: Financial Liberalization, Macroeconomic (In)stability, and Patterns of Distribution”, in: L. Taylor (ed.) External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe, and Brazil, Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 417-455.
  • Carrion-i-Silvestre, J.L. & D. Kim & P. Perron (2009), “GLS-based unit root tests with multiple structural breaks under both the null and the alternative hypotheses”, Econometric Theory, 25, 1754-1792.
  • Cheng, B.S. & T.W. Lai (1997), “An Investigation of Co-integration and Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Activity in Taiwan”, Energy Economics, 19(4), 435-444.
  • Doğan, E. (2015), “Revisiting the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Turkey”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 10(4), 361-370.
  • Elliott, G. & T.J. Rothenberg & J.H. Stock (1996), “Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root”, Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Engle, R.F. & C.W.J. Granger (1987), “Co-integration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing”, Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Erbaykal, E. (2008), “Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 20, 1-8.
  • Erdal, G. & H. Erdal & K. Esengün (2008), “The Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 36(10), 3838-3842.
  • Ertuğrul, A. & F. Selçuk (2001), “A Brief Account of the Turkish Economy, 1980-2000”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 37(6), 6-28.
  • Farhani, S. & M. Shahbaz & M. Arouri & F. Teulon (2014), “The role of natural gas consumption and trade in Tunisia’s output”, Energy Policy, 66, 677-684.
  • Gregory, A.W. & B.E. Hansen (1996), “Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts”, Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99-126.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2011), “A dynamic econometric study of income, energy and exports in Turkey”, Energy, 36, 3348-3354.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2008), “Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration”, Empirical Economics, 35(3), 497-505.
  • Hatemi, A. & M. Irandoust (2005), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Sweden: A Leveraged Bootstrap Approach, 1965-2000”, International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 2(4), 87-98.
  • Hondroyiannis, G. & S. Lolos & E. Papapetrou (2002), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Greece”, Energy Economics, 24(4), 319-336. Hou, Q. (2009), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption Growths and Economic Growth in China”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 1(2), 232-237.
  • Hwang, D. & B. Gum (1991), “The Causal Relationship between Energy and GNP: The Case of Taiwan”, Journal of Energy and Development, 16(2), 219-226.
  • Işık, C. (2010), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Turkey: a bound test approach”, Energy Systems, 1, 441-456.
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005), “Unit-root testing against the alternative hypothesis of up to m structural breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26, 123-133.
  • Kaplan, M. & I. Öztürk & H. Kalyoncu (2011), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, Romanian Journal for Economic Forecasting, 2011(2), 31-41.
  • Ketenci, N. (2016), “The bilateral trade flows of the EU in the presence of structural breaks”, Empirical Economics, 51(4), 1369-1398.
  • Kim, D. & P. Perron (2009), “Unit root test allowing for a break in the trend function under both the null and alternative hypothesis”, Journal of Econometrics, 148, 1-13.
  • Kejriwal. M. & P. Perron (2010), “Testing for multiple structural changes in cointegrated regression models”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 28(4), 503-522.
  • Kraft, J. & A. Kraft (1978), “On the Relationship between Energy and GNP”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 3(2), 401-403.
  • Lee, C.C. & C.P. Chang (2005), “Structural breaks, energy consumption, and economic growth revisited: Evidence from Taiwan”, Energy Economics, 27(6), 857-872.
  • Maki, D. (2012), “Tests for cointegration allowing for an unknown number of breaks”, Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2011-2015.
  • Masih, A.M.M. & R. Masih (1997), “On the Temporal Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption, Real Income and Prices: Some New Evidence from Asian Energy Dependent NICs Based on A Multivariate Cointegration Error-Correction Approach”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 19, 417-440.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007), “Energy-GDP Relationship for Oil-Exporting Countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia”, OPEC Review, 1-16, <http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/eDoc/eBook/2387.pdf>, 22.02.2018.
  • Ng, S. & P. Perron (2001), “Lag selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power”, Econometrica, 69, 1519-1554.
  • Öztürk, I. & A. Acaravcı (2010), “Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions Economic Growth in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Öztürk, I. & U. Al-Mulali (2015), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth nexus: Panel data analysis for GCC countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 998-1003.
  • Perron, P. & S. Ng (1996), “Useful modifications to some unit root tests with dependent errors and their local asymptotic properties”, Review of Economic Studies, 63, 435-463.
  • Paul, S. & R.N. Bhattacharya (2004), “Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflict Results”, Energy Economics, 26, 977-983.
  • Payne, J.E. (2009), “On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Output in the U.S.”, Applied Energy, 86(4), 575-577.
  • Perron, P. (1997), “Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables”, Journal of Econometrics, 80, 355-385.
  • Perron, P. & T. Vogelsang (1992), “Nonstationarity and level shifts with an application to purchasing power parity”, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10, 301-320.
  • Perron, P. & T. Yabu (2009), “Testing for shifts in trend with an integrated or stationary noise component”, Journal of Business and Economics Statistics, 27, 369-96.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2012), “Energy consumption, output and trade in South America”, Energy Economics, 34(2), 476-488.
  • Sari, R. & U. Soytaş (2007), “The growth of income and energy consumption in six developing countries”, Energy Policy, 35, 889-898.
  • Saatçi, M. & Y. Dumrul (2013), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from A Structural Break Analysis for Turkey”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(1), 20-29.
  • Sebri, M. & O. Ben-Salha (2014), “On the causal dynamics between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and trade openness: Fresh evidence from BRICS countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14-23.
  • Shahbaz, M. & H.H. Lean & A. Farooq (2013), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 18, 87-94.
  • Solarin, S.A. & M. Shahbaz (2015), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth: The role of foreign direct investment, capital formation and trade openness in Malaysia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 835-845.
  • Souhila, C. & B. Kourbali (2012), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Algeria: Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2(4), 238-249.
  • Soytaş, U. & R. Sarı (2006), “Energy Consumption and Income in G-7 Countries”, Journal of Policy Modeling, 28(7), 739-750.
  • Soytaş, U. & R. Sarı & O. Özdemir (2001), “Energy Consumption and GDP Relation in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis. Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change”, The Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
  • Vogelsang, T.J. & P. Perron (1998), “Additional Tests for a Unit Root Allowing for a Break in the Trend Function at an Unknown Time”, International Economic Review, 39, 1073-1100.
  • Thoma, M. (2004), “Electrical Energy Usage over the Business Cycle”, Energy Economics, 26(3), 463-485.
  • Vlahinic-Dizdarevic, N. & S. Zikovic (2010), “The Role of Energy in Economic Growth: The Case of Croatia”, Zb. rad. Ekon. fak. Rij, 28(1), 35-60.
  • Yong-Xiu, H. & L. De-Zhi & L. Yan (2007), “Research on the Cointegration Relationship of Energy Consumption and Economy Growth in Beijing”, WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 3(9), 165-170.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & J.Y. Choi (1985), “The Causal Relationship between Energy and GNP: An International Comparison”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 10(2), 249-272.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & B-K. Hwang (1984), “The Relationship between Energy and GNP: Further Results”, Energy Economics, 6(3), 186-190.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & J.C. Jin (1992), “Cointegration Tests of Energy Consumption, Income and Employment”, Resources and Energy, 14(3), 259-266.
  • Zamani, M. (2007), “Energy Consumption and Economic Activities in Iran”, Energy Economics, 29(6), 1135-1140.
  • Zivot, E. & D. Andrews (1992), “Further evidence of great crash, the oil price shock and unit root hypothesis”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-270.
  • Zhang, X-P. & X-M. Cheng (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712.

Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 42, 11 - 28, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01

Öz

Sustainable economic growth is defined as a continuous increase in environmentally adjusted net domestic product (Bartelmus, 1994). This study investigates the role of natural gas consumption and trade openness in relation with the economic growth of Turkey for the period 1977-2017 throughout which Turkey underwent several political and economic shocks. To accomplish this, the paper employs the Kejriwal and Perron (2010) structural break test to investigate the relationship between economic growth and its determinants in the presence of structural shifts. By demonstrating the impacts of variables on economic growth through different sub-regimes, the outcomes underline the importance of structural breaks in estimations.

Kaynakça

  • Abbasian, E. & M. Nazari & M. Nasrindost (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Iranian Economy: Testing the Causality Relationship”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 5(5), 374-381.
  • Acaravcı, A. (2010), “Structural Breaks, Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, Journal for Economic Forecasting, 2, 140-154.
  • Acaravcı, A. & I. Öztürk (2012), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus: A Multivariate Analysis for Turkey”, Amfiteatru Economic, 14(31), 246-257.
  • Akarca, A.T. & T.V. Long (1980), “On the Relationship between Energy and GNP: A Reexamination”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 5(2), 326-331.
  • Altınay, G. & E.T. Karagöl (2005), “Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, Energy Economics, 27, 849-856.
  • Andrews, D.W.K. & W. Ploberger (1994), “Optimal tests when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative”, Econometrica, 62, 1383-1414.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2009), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Commonwealth of Independent States”, Energy Economics, 31, 641-647.
  • Apergis, N. & J.E. Payne (2010), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth: A panel investigation of 67 countries”, Applied Energy, 87, 2759-2763.
  • Aqeel, A. & M.S. Butt (2001), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan”, Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8(2), 101-110.
  • Arı, A. & R. Cergibozan (2014), “The Recent History of Financial Crises in Turkey”, JETAS, 2(1), 31-46.
  • Aydoğan, E.T. (2010), Capital Account Convertibility: The Turkish Case, Lap-Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN-10: 3843367434.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (1998), “Estimating and testing linear models with multiple structural changes”, Econometrica, 66, 47-68.
  • Balitskiy, S. & Y. Bilan & W. Strielkowski & D. Streimikiene (2016), “Energy efficiency and natural gas consumption in the context of economic development in the European Union”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 156-168.
  • Bartelmus, P. (1994), “Green Accounting for a National Strategy of Sustainable Development - The Case of Papua New Guinea”, Ambio, 23(8), 509-514.
  • Belke, A. & C. Dreger & F. Haan (2010), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth - New Insights into the Cointegration Relationship”, Ruhr Graduate School in Economics, Ruhr Economic Papers, 190, 1-24.
  • Binh, P.T. (2011), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Vietnam: Threshold Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 1(1), 1-17.
  • Boratav, K. & E. Yeldan (2006), “Turkey, 1980-2000: Financial Liberalization, Macroeconomic (In)stability, and Patterns of Distribution”, in: L. Taylor (ed.) External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe, and Brazil, Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 417-455.
  • Carrion-i-Silvestre, J.L. & D. Kim & P. Perron (2009), “GLS-based unit root tests with multiple structural breaks under both the null and the alternative hypotheses”, Econometric Theory, 25, 1754-1792.
  • Cheng, B.S. & T.W. Lai (1997), “An Investigation of Co-integration and Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Activity in Taiwan”, Energy Economics, 19(4), 435-444.
  • Doğan, E. (2015), “Revisiting the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Turkey”, Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 10(4), 361-370.
  • Elliott, G. & T.J. Rothenberg & J.H. Stock (1996), “Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root”, Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Engle, R.F. & C.W.J. Granger (1987), “Co-integration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing”, Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Erbaykal, E. (2008), “Disaggregate Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 20, 1-8.
  • Erdal, G. & H. Erdal & K. Esengün (2008), “The Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 36(10), 3838-3842.
  • Ertuğrul, A. & F. Selçuk (2001), “A Brief Account of the Turkish Economy, 1980-2000”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 37(6), 6-28.
  • Farhani, S. & M. Shahbaz & M. Arouri & F. Teulon (2014), “The role of natural gas consumption and trade in Tunisia’s output”, Energy Policy, 66, 677-684.
  • Gregory, A.W. & B.E. Hansen (1996), “Residual-based tests for cointegration in models with regime shifts”, Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99-126.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2011), “A dynamic econometric study of income, energy and exports in Turkey”, Energy, 36, 3348-3354.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2008), “Tests for cointegration with two unknown regime shifts with an application to financial market integration”, Empirical Economics, 35(3), 497-505.
  • Hatemi, A. & M. Irandoust (2005), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Sweden: A Leveraged Bootstrap Approach, 1965-2000”, International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 2(4), 87-98.
  • Hondroyiannis, G. & S. Lolos & E. Papapetrou (2002), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Greece”, Energy Economics, 24(4), 319-336. Hou, Q. (2009), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption Growths and Economic Growth in China”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 1(2), 232-237.
  • Hwang, D. & B. Gum (1991), “The Causal Relationship between Energy and GNP: The Case of Taiwan”, Journal of Energy and Development, 16(2), 219-226.
  • Işık, C. (2010), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Turkey: a bound test approach”, Energy Systems, 1, 441-456.
  • Kapetanios, G. (2005), “Unit-root testing against the alternative hypothesis of up to m structural breaks”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 26, 123-133.
  • Kaplan, M. & I. Öztürk & H. Kalyoncu (2011), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Turkey: Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, Romanian Journal for Economic Forecasting, 2011(2), 31-41.
  • Ketenci, N. (2016), “The bilateral trade flows of the EU in the presence of structural breaks”, Empirical Economics, 51(4), 1369-1398.
  • Kim, D. & P. Perron (2009), “Unit root test allowing for a break in the trend function under both the null and alternative hypothesis”, Journal of Econometrics, 148, 1-13.
  • Kejriwal. M. & P. Perron (2010), “Testing for multiple structural changes in cointegrated regression models”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 28(4), 503-522.
  • Kraft, J. & A. Kraft (1978), “On the Relationship between Energy and GNP”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 3(2), 401-403.
  • Lee, C.C. & C.P. Chang (2005), “Structural breaks, energy consumption, and economic growth revisited: Evidence from Taiwan”, Energy Economics, 27(6), 857-872.
  • Maki, D. (2012), “Tests for cointegration allowing for an unknown number of breaks”, Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2011-2015.
  • Masih, A.M.M. & R. Masih (1997), “On the Temporal Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption, Real Income and Prices: Some New Evidence from Asian Energy Dependent NICs Based on A Multivariate Cointegration Error-Correction Approach”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 19, 417-440.
  • Mehrara, M. (2007), “Energy-GDP Relationship for Oil-Exporting Countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia”, OPEC Review, 1-16, <http://ipac.kacst.edu.sa/eDoc/eBook/2387.pdf>, 22.02.2018.
  • Ng, S. & P. Perron (2001), “Lag selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power”, Econometrica, 69, 1519-1554.
  • Öztürk, I. & A. Acaravcı (2010), “Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions Economic Growth in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225.
  • Öztürk, I. & U. Al-Mulali (2015), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth nexus: Panel data analysis for GCC countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 998-1003.
  • Perron, P. & S. Ng (1996), “Useful modifications to some unit root tests with dependent errors and their local asymptotic properties”, Review of Economic Studies, 63, 435-463.
  • Paul, S. & R.N. Bhattacharya (2004), “Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India: A Note on Conflict Results”, Energy Economics, 26, 977-983.
  • Payne, J.E. (2009), “On the Dynamics of Energy Consumption and Output in the U.S.”, Applied Energy, 86(4), 575-577.
  • Perron, P. (1997), “Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables”, Journal of Econometrics, 80, 355-385.
  • Perron, P. & T. Vogelsang (1992), “Nonstationarity and level shifts with an application to purchasing power parity”, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10, 301-320.
  • Perron, P. & T. Yabu (2009), “Testing for shifts in trend with an integrated or stationary noise component”, Journal of Business and Economics Statistics, 27, 369-96.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2012), “Energy consumption, output and trade in South America”, Energy Economics, 34(2), 476-488.
  • Sari, R. & U. Soytaş (2007), “The growth of income and energy consumption in six developing countries”, Energy Policy, 35, 889-898.
  • Saatçi, M. & Y. Dumrul (2013), “The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from A Structural Break Analysis for Turkey”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(1), 20-29.
  • Sebri, M. & O. Ben-Salha (2014), “On the causal dynamics between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and trade openness: Fresh evidence from BRICS countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14-23.
  • Shahbaz, M. & H.H. Lean & A. Farooq (2013), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 18, 87-94.
  • Solarin, S.A. & M. Shahbaz (2015), “Natural gas consumption and economic growth: The role of foreign direct investment, capital formation and trade openness in Malaysia”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 835-845.
  • Souhila, C. & B. Kourbali (2012), “Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Algeria: Cointegration and Causality Analysis”, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2(4), 238-249.
  • Soytaş, U. & R. Sarı (2006), “Energy Consumption and Income in G-7 Countries”, Journal of Policy Modeling, 28(7), 739-750.
  • Soytaş, U. & R. Sarı & O. Özdemir (2001), “Energy Consumption and GDP Relation in Turkey: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Analysis. Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change”, The Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
  • Vogelsang, T.J. & P. Perron (1998), “Additional Tests for a Unit Root Allowing for a Break in the Trend Function at an Unknown Time”, International Economic Review, 39, 1073-1100.
  • Thoma, M. (2004), “Electrical Energy Usage over the Business Cycle”, Energy Economics, 26(3), 463-485.
  • Vlahinic-Dizdarevic, N. & S. Zikovic (2010), “The Role of Energy in Economic Growth: The Case of Croatia”, Zb. rad. Ekon. fak. Rij, 28(1), 35-60.
  • Yong-Xiu, H. & L. De-Zhi & L. Yan (2007), “Research on the Cointegration Relationship of Energy Consumption and Economy Growth in Beijing”, WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 3(9), 165-170.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & J.Y. Choi (1985), “The Causal Relationship between Energy and GNP: An International Comparison”, The Journal of Energy and Development, 10(2), 249-272.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & B-K. Hwang (1984), “The Relationship between Energy and GNP: Further Results”, Energy Economics, 6(3), 186-190.
  • Yu, E.S.H. & J.C. Jin (1992), “Cointegration Tests of Energy Consumption, Income and Employment”, Resources and Energy, 14(3), 259-266.
  • Zamani, M. (2007), “Energy Consumption and Economic Activities in Iran”, Energy Economics, 29(6), 1135-1140.
  • Zivot, E. & D. Andrews (1992), “Further evidence of great crash, the oil price shock and unit root hypothesis”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-270.
  • Zhang, X-P. & X-M. Cheng (2009), “Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in China”, Ecological Economics, 68(10), 2706-2712.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Natalya Ketenci 0000-0002-7299-2833

Ebru Tomris Aydoğan 0000-0002-1529-5484

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Ketenci, N., & Aydoğan, E. T. (2019). Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Sosyoekonomi, 27(42), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01
AMA Ketenci N, Aydoğan ET. Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Sosyoekonomi. Ekim 2019;27(42):11-28. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01
Chicago Ketenci, Natalya, ve Ebru Tomris Aydoğan. “Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks”. Sosyoekonomi 27, sy. 42 (Ekim 2019): 11-28. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01.
EndNote Ketenci N, Aydoğan ET (01 Ekim 2019) Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Sosyoekonomi 27 42 11–28.
IEEE N. Ketenci ve E. T. Aydoğan, “Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 27, sy. 42, ss. 11–28, 2019, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01.
ISNAD Ketenci, Natalya - Aydoğan, Ebru Tomris. “Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks”. Sosyoekonomi 27/42 (Ekim 2019), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01.
JAMA Ketenci N, Aydoğan ET. Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Sosyoekonomi. 2019;27:11–28.
MLA Ketenci, Natalya ve Ebru Tomris Aydoğan. “Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 27, sy. 42, 2019, ss. 11-28, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.01.
Vancouver Ketenci N, Aydoğan ET. Determinants of Economic Growth in Turkey in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Sosyoekonomi. 2019;27(42):11-28.