Sigara İçme Davranışında Cinsiyet Farklılıkları: Türkiye’de 2008-2014 Dönemi Değişimlerinin Analizi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 48, 107 - 126, 28.04.2021

Dilek Başar Selcen Öztürk Shihomi Ara Aksoy

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.06

Cited By: 2

Öz

Kadınlar için sigara içmeye başlama, devam etme ve bırakma nedenleri erkeklerden farklıdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de 2008 yılından 2014 yılına kadar, sigara içme oranı ve yoğunluğunda cinsiyete göre ortaya çıkan değişiklikleri araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sonuçlar, sigara içme kararında ve sigara içme miktarındaki önemli farklılıkları göstermektedir. Çalışma sonuçları, ayrıca, sigara içme yasağının etkilerinin zamanla azaldığını ve özellikle kadınlar için sigara içme oranı ve tüketim düzeyinin 2014 yılında 2008 seviyelerinden daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma sigaraya başlama ve sigara tüketim yoğunluğu için kadın ve erkekler nezdinde farklı politikalar tasarlanmasına ihtiyaç olduğunu önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sigara Tüketim Davranışı, Cinsiyet Farklılıkları, GATS, Türkiye

Gender Differences in Smoking Behaviour: Analysing the Changes for the 2008-2014 Period in Turkey

Öz

The motivations and reasons for smoking initiation, continuation, and cessation for women are different from men. This paper investigates the differences in smoking rate and intensity by gender in Turkey from 2008 to 2014. The results indicate significant differences in the decision to smoke and how much to smoke by gender. Results further indicate that the positive effects of the anti-smoking policies are fading away over time. Especially for women, the smoking and consumption levels are higher in 2014 than in 2008. This study argues that policies designed to combat the initialization and the intensity of smoking should account for the behavioural differences observed across genders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cigarette Smoking, Gender Difference, GATS, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Amin, V. & A. Lhila (2016), “Decomposing racial differences in adolescent smoking in the US”, Economics & Human Biology, 22, 161-176.
• Barbeau, E.M. & N. Krieger & M.J. Soobader (2004), “Working class matters: socioeconomic disadvantage, race/ethnicity, gender, and smoking in NHIS 2000”, American journal of public health, 94(2), 269-278.
• Bilir, N. & H. Özcebe & T. Ergüder & K. Mauer-Stender (2012), “Tobacco Control in Turkey. Story of commitment and leadership”, Report, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Denmark March 2012.
• Block, S. & P. Webb (2009), “Up in smoke: Tobacco use, expenditure on food, and child malnutrition in developing countries”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(1), 1-23.
• Borghans, L. & J.J. Heckman & B.H. Golsteyn & H. Meijers (2009), “Gender differences in risk aversion and ambiguity aversion”, Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(2‐3), 649-658.
• Bosdriesz, J.R. & S. Mehmedovic & M.I. Witvliet & A.E. Kunst (2014), “Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in low and mid income countries: positive gradients among women?”, International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 14-23.
• Bottorff, J.L. et al. (2014), “Gender, smoking and tobacco reduction and cessation: a scoping review”, International journal for equity in health, 13(1), 114-129.
• Greaves, L. & N. Hemsing (2009), “Women and tobacco control policies: Social-structural and psychosocial contributions to vulnerability to tobacco use and exposure”, Drug and alcohol dependence, 104, 121-130.
• Greaves, L. (2015), “The meanings of smoking to women and their implications for cessation”, International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(2), 1449-1465.
• Hersch, J. (2000), “Gender, income levels, and the demand for cigarettes”, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 21(2-3), 263-282.
• Herzfeld, T. & S. Huffman & M. Rizov (2014), “The dynamics of food, alcohol and cigarette consumption in Russia during transition”, Economics & Human Biology, 13, 128-143.
• Hitchman, S.C. & G.T. Fong (2011), “Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios”, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(3), 195-202.
• Inan, F. & G.A. Asik (2015), “Making Economies Work for Women: Female Labour Force Participation in Turkey”, Report, TEPAV.
• Islami, F. & M. Stoklosa & J. Drope & A. Jemal (2015), “Global and regional patterns of tobacco smoking and tobacco control policies”, European Urology Focus, 1(1), 3-16.
• John, R.M. & H. Ross & E. Blecher (2012), “Tobacco expenditure and its implications for household resource allocation in Cambodia”, Tobacco control, 21(3), 341-346.
• John, R.M. & H.Y. Sung & W.B. Max & H. Ross (2011), “Counting 15 million more poor in India, thanks to tobacco”, Tobacco Control, 20, 349-352.
• John, R.M. (2008), “Crowding out effect of tobacco expenditure and its implications on household resource allocation in India”, Social science & medicine, 66(6), 1356-1367.
• Kilic, D. & S. Ozturk (2014), “Gender differences in cigarette consumption in Turkey: Evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey”, Health policy, 114(2), 207-214.
• Lopez, A.D. & N.E. Collishaw & T. Piha (1994), “A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries”, Tobacco control, 3(3), 242.
• Manaf, R.A. & K. Shamsuddin (2008), “Smoking among young urban Malaysian women and its risk factors”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 20(3), 204-213.
• Matjasko, J.L. & J.H. Cawley & M.M. Baker-Goering & D.V. Yokum (2016), “Applying behavioural economics to public health policy: illustrative examples and promising directions”, American journal of preventive medicine, 50(5), 13-19.
• Moore, R. & D.L. McLellan & J.A. Tauras & P. Fagan (2009), “Securing the health of disadvantaged women: A critical investigation of tobacco-control policy effects on women worldwide”, American journal of preventive medicine, 37(2S), 117-120.
• Nichter, M. & L. Greaves & M. Bloch & M. Paglia & I. Scarinci & J.E. Tolosa & T.E. Novotny (2010), “Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy in low-and middle-income countries: the need for social and cultural research”, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 89(4), 465-477.
• Novotny, T.E. & K.E. Warner & J.S. Kendrick & P.L. Remington (1988), “Smoking by blacks and whites: socioeconomic and demographic differences”, American journal of public health, 78(9), 1187-1189.
• Palipudi, K.M. & P.C. Gupta & D.N. Sinha & L.J. Andes & S. Asma & T. McAfee & GATS Collaborative Group (2012), “Social determinants of health and tobacco use in thirteen low and middle income countries: evidence from Global Adult Tobacco Survey”, PloS one, 7(3), e33466.
• Pieroni, L. & L. Salmasi (2016), “The effect of smoking habit changes on body weight: Evidence from the UK”, Economics & Human Biology, 20, 1-13.
• Soytas, M.A. & T. Kose (2014), “Does Heterogeneity in Individual Discount Rates Explain the Gender Gap in Self (Assessed Health Status?”, Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh.
• Thun, M. & R. Peto & J. Boreham & A.D. Lopez (2012), “Stages of the cigarette epidemic on entering its second century”, Tobacco control, 21(2), 96-101.
• US Department of Health and Human Services (2001), Women and smoking: A report of the Surgeon General.