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Mutlak Satın Alma Gücü Paritesinin Geçerliliğine İlişkin Bir Analiz: Türk Lirası ve İngiliz Sterlini Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 50, 51 - 71, 31.10.2021

Mehmet Erdoğmuş

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03
Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Mart 2001-Kasım 2020 dönemi için Türk lirası ile İngiliz sterlini arasında mutlak satın alma gücü paritesinin geçerliliğini belirlemektir. Çalışmada yapısal kırılmaları dikkate almayan geleneksel birim kök testleri (ve durağanlık testi) ve yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan birim kök testleri kullanılmıştır. Tüm testlerin sonuçlarına göre Türk lirası ile İngiliz sterlini arasında mutlak satın alma gücü paritesinin geçerli olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mutlak Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Türk Lirası İngiliz Sterlini

Kaynakça

  • Abuaf, N. & P. Jorion (1990), “Purchasing Power Parity in the Long Run”, The Journal of Finance, 45(1), 157-174.
  • Acaravci, A. & I. Ozturk (2010), “Testing Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Evidence from Structural Breaks”, Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 12(27), 190-198.
  • Aloy, M. & M. Boutahar & K. Gente & A. Péguin-Feissolle (2011), “Purchasing Power Parity and the Long Memory Properties of Real Exchange Rates: Does One Size Fit All?”, Economic Modelling, 28(3), 1279-1290.
  • Baharumshah, A.Z. & C. Tze-Haw & S. Fountas (2008), “Re-Examining Purchasing Power Parity for East-Asian Currencies: 1976-2002”, Applied Financial Economics, 18(1), 75-85.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & M. Kandil (2007), “Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates in MENA Countries: 1970-2004”, Applied Economics, 39(19), 2489-2501.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & T. Chang & T. Wu (2014), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks”, Applied Financial Economics, 24(22), 1429-1438.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & T. Chang & Z(M). Elmi & A. Gelan & O. Ranjbar (2018), “Non-Linear Quantile Unit Root Test and PPP: More Evidence from Africa”, Applied Economics Letters, 25(7), 465-471.
  • Bahramian, P. & A. Saliminezhad (2020), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in the ASEAN-5 Countries: Evidence from the Fourier Quantile Unit Root Test”, Applied Economics Letters, 28(13), 1-6.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (1998), “Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes”, Econometrica, 66(1), 47-78.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (2003a), “Computation and Analysis of Multiple Structural Change Models”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1-22.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (2003b), “Critical Values for Multiple Structural Change Tests (Unpublished Tables)”, Unpublished Manuscript.
  • Baum, C.F. & J.T. Barkoulas & M. Caglayan (1999), “Long Memory or Structural Breaks: Can Either Explain Nonstationary Real Exchange Rates Under the Current Float?”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 9(4), 359-376.
  • Cassel, G. (1916), “The Present Situation of the Foreign Exchanges”, The Economic Journal, 26(101), 62-65.
  • Cassel, G. (1918), “Abnormal Deviations in International Exchanges”, The Economic Journal, 28(112), 413-415.
  • Chang, T. &C.-H. Lee & W-C. Liu (2012), “Nonlinear Adjustment to Purchasing Power Parity for ASEAN Countries”, Japan and the World Economy, 24(4), 325-331.
  • Clements, K.W. & Y. Lan & S.P. Seah (2007), “The Big Mac Index 21 Years On: An Evaluation of Burgereconomics”, Discussion Paper, University of Western Australia Department of Economics, 23.
  • Cucinelli, D. & V. Farina & P. Schwizer & M.G. Soana (2020), “Better the Devil You Know: The Impact of Brexit Political Uncertainty on European Financial Markets”, International Journal of Business and Management, 15(6), 62-83.
  • Dal Bianco, M.J. (2008), “Argentinean Real Exchange Rate 1900-2006: Testing Purchasing Power Parity Theory”, Estudios de Economía, 35(1), 33-64.
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1979), “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series With a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Doğanlar, M. & H. Bal & M. Özmen (2009), “Testing Long-Run Validity of Purchasing Power Parity for Selected Emerging Market Economies”, Applied Economics Letters, 16(14), 1443-1448.
  • Doğanlar, M. & O. Kızılkaya & F. Mike (2020), “Testing the Long-Run PPP for Turkey: New Evidence from the Fourier Quantile Unit Root Test”, Applied Economics Letters, 27(9), 729-735.
  • Doğanlar, M. (2006), “Long-Run Validity of Purchasing Power Parity and Cointegration Analysis for Central Asian Countries”, Applied Economics Letters, 13(7), 457-461.
  • Dornbusch, R. (1979), “Monetary Policy Under Exchange Rate Flexibility”, NBER Working Paper Series, 311. Dornbusch, R. (1985), “Purchasing Power Parity”, NBER Working Paper Series, 1591.
  • Elliott, G. & T. Rothenberg & J. Stock (1996), “Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root”, Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Enders, W. & K. Chumrusphonlert (2004), “Threshold Cointegration and Purchasing Power Parity in the Pacific Nations”, Applied Economics, 36(9), 889-896.
  • Feenstra, R.C. & A.M. Taylor (2008), International Economics, New York: Worth Publishers.
  • Frankel, J.A. & A.K. Rose (1996), “A Panel Project on Purchasing Power Parity: Mean Reversion Within and Between Countries”, Journal of International Economics, 40(1-2), 209-224.
  • Frenkel, J.A. (1978), “Purchasing Power Parity: Doctrinal Perspective and Evidence from the 1920s”, Journal of International Economics, 8(2), 169-191.
  • Fuller, W.A. (1996), Introduction to Statistical Time Series, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Greene, W. (2016), Ekonometrik Çözümleme, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen), Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Güriş, B. (2019), “A New Nonlinear Unit Root Test with Fourier Function”, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 48(10), 3056-3062.
  • Hackl, P. (2013), Einführung in die Ökonometrie, München: Pearson Deutschland.
  • He, H. & T. Chang (2013), “Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Sequential Panel Selection Method”, Economic Modelling, 35, 604-609.
  • Jarchow, H.-J. & P. Rühman (2000), Monetäre Auβenwirtschaft I: Monetäre Auβenwirtschaftstheorie, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Kalyoncu, H. & K. Kalyoncu (2008), “Purchasing Power Parity in OECD Countries: Evidence from Panel Unit Root”, Economic Modelling, 25(3), 440-445.
  • Kapetanios, G. & Y. Shin & A. Snell (2003), “Testing for a Unit Root in the Non-linear STAR Framework”, Journal of Econometrics, 112(2), 359-379.
  • Karagöz, K. & T.B. Saraç (2016), “Testing the Validity of PPP Theory for Turkey: Non-linear Unit Root Testing”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 38, 458-467.
  • Krugman, P.R. & M. Obstfeld & M.J. Melitz (2015), Internationale Wirtschaft: Theorie und Politik der Außenwirtschaft, (Trans. A. Rietmann), Hallbergmoose: Pearson Deutschland.
  • Kruse, R. (2011), “A New Unit Root Test Against ESTAR Based on a Class of Modified Statistics”, Statistical Papers, 52(1), 71-85.
  • Kwiatkowski, D. & P.C.B. Phillips & P. Schmidt & Y. Shin (1992), “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure are we that Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Lee, J. & M.C. Strazicich (2003), “Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082-1089.
  • Lee, J. & M.C. Strazicich (2004), Minimum LM Unit Root Test with One Structural Break, <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7080165.pdf>, 18.11.2020.
  • MacDonald, R. (1993), “Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity: Is it for Real?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 75(4), 690-695.
  • MacDonald, R. (2007), Exchange Rate Economics: Theories and Evidence, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Mike, F. & O. Kızılkaya (2019), “Testing the Theory of PPP for Emerging Market Economies that Practice Flexible Exchange Rate Regimes”, Applied Economics Letters, 26(17), 1411-1417.
  • Moeller, W. (2011), Die Euro-Krise, Norderstedt: Books on Demand.
  • Moritz, K.-H. & G. Stadtmann (2010), Monetäre Auβenwirtschaft, München: Franz Vahlen.
  • Murad, S.W. & M.A. Hossain (2018), “The ASEAN Experience of the Purchasing Power Parity Theory”, Financial Innovation, 4(1), 1-10.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005), “New Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity from 17 OECD Countries”, Applied Economics, 37(9), 1063-1071.
  • Ng, S. & P. Perron (2001), “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power”, Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Otto, S. (2021), “Unit Root Testing with Slowly Varying Trends”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 42(1), 85-106.
  • Pan, G. & T. Chang & C.-H. Lee & W.-C. Liu (2012), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity for 18 African Countries: Sequential Panel Selection Method”, Applied Economics Letters, 19, 877-881.
  • Papell, D.H. (1997), “Searching for Stationarity: Purchasing Power Parity Under the Current Float”, Journal of International Economics, 43(3-4), 313-332.
  • Patterson, K. (2000), An Introduction to Applied Econometrics: A Time Series Approach, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press.
  • Perron, P. & S. Ng (1996), “Useful Modifications to Some Unit Root Tests with Dependent Errors and their Local Asymptotic Properties”, The Review of Economic Studies, 63(3), 435-463.
  • Perron, P. (1989), “The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis”, Econometrica, 57(6), 1361-1401.
  • Phillips, P.C. & P. Perron (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Rose, K. (1974), Theorie der Auβenwirtschaft, München: Franz Vahlen.
  • Rübel, G. (2013), Auβenwirtschaft: Grundlagen der Realen und Monetären Theorie, München: Oldenbourg.
  • She, F. & M. Zakaria & M. Khan & W. Jun (2020), “Purchasing Power Parity in Pakistan: Evidence from Fourier Unit Root Tests”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1-20.
  • Shim, H. & H. Kim & S. Kim & D. Ryu (2016), “Testing the Relative Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis: The Case of Korea”, Applied Economics, 48(25), 2383-2395.
  • Siebert, H. (1988), “Anpassungsprozesse in Einer Offenen Volkswirtschaft mit Nicht-Handelbaren Gütern”, Diskussionsbeiträge - Serie II, No. 48, Universität Konstanz.
  • Sperber, H. & J. Sprink (2012), Internationale Wirtschaft und Finanzen, München: Oldenbourg.
  • Taylor, M.P. & M.P. Taylor (2004), “The Purchasing Power Parity Debate”, NBER Working Paper, 10607.
  • Taylor, M.P. (1988), “An Empirical Examination of Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity Using Cointegration Techniques”, Applied Economics, 20(10), 1369-1381.
  • Vergil, H. & F. Özkan (2007), “Purchasing Power Parity and ARIMA Models in Forecasting Exchange Rates: The Case of Turkey”, Istanbul Stock Exchange Review, 9(35), 37-50.
  • <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Ocak-2021-37413>, 29.06.2021.
  • <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Eylul-2020-33857>, 30.06.2021.
  • <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/de/web/hicp/>, 30.06.2021.
  • <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp/data/database>, 12.06.2021.
  • <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket>, 12.06.2021.
  • <https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/brexit-ve-birlesik-krallik-sta>, 30.06.2021.

An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 50, 51 - 71, 31.10.2021

Mehmet Erdoğmuş

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03
Cited By: 2

Öz

This study aims to determine the validity of the absolute purchasing power parity between the Turkish lira and the British pound for March 2001-November 2020. Traditional unit root tests (and stationarity test) that do not take structural breaks into account and unit root tests that take structural breaks into account were used in the study. According to the results of all tests, it was found that the absolute purchasing power parity between the Turkish lira and the British pound was not valid.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Absolute Purchasing Power Parity Turkish Lira British Pound

Kaynakça

  • Abuaf, N. & P. Jorion (1990), “Purchasing Power Parity in the Long Run”, The Journal of Finance, 45(1), 157-174.
  • Acaravci, A. & I. Ozturk (2010), “Testing Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Evidence from Structural Breaks”, Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 12(27), 190-198.
  • Aloy, M. & M. Boutahar & K. Gente & A. Péguin-Feissolle (2011), “Purchasing Power Parity and the Long Memory Properties of Real Exchange Rates: Does One Size Fit All?”, Economic Modelling, 28(3), 1279-1290.
  • Baharumshah, A.Z. & C. Tze-Haw & S. Fountas (2008), “Re-Examining Purchasing Power Parity for East-Asian Currencies: 1976-2002”, Applied Financial Economics, 18(1), 75-85.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & M. Kandil (2007), “Real and Nominal Effective Exchange Rates in MENA Countries: 1970-2004”, Applied Economics, 39(19), 2489-2501.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & T. Chang & T. Wu (2014), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in African Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Sharp and Smooth Breaks”, Applied Financial Economics, 24(22), 1429-1438.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. & T. Chang & Z(M). Elmi & A. Gelan & O. Ranjbar (2018), “Non-Linear Quantile Unit Root Test and PPP: More Evidence from Africa”, Applied Economics Letters, 25(7), 465-471.
  • Bahramian, P. & A. Saliminezhad (2020), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity in the ASEAN-5 Countries: Evidence from the Fourier Quantile Unit Root Test”, Applied Economics Letters, 28(13), 1-6.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (1998), “Estimating and Testing Linear Models with Multiple Structural Changes”, Econometrica, 66(1), 47-78.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (2003a), “Computation and Analysis of Multiple Structural Change Models”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18(1), 1-22.
  • Bai, J. & P. Perron (2003b), “Critical Values for Multiple Structural Change Tests (Unpublished Tables)”, Unpublished Manuscript.
  • Baum, C.F. & J.T. Barkoulas & M. Caglayan (1999), “Long Memory or Structural Breaks: Can Either Explain Nonstationary Real Exchange Rates Under the Current Float?”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 9(4), 359-376.
  • Cassel, G. (1916), “The Present Situation of the Foreign Exchanges”, The Economic Journal, 26(101), 62-65.
  • Cassel, G. (1918), “Abnormal Deviations in International Exchanges”, The Economic Journal, 28(112), 413-415.
  • Chang, T. &C.-H. Lee & W-C. Liu (2012), “Nonlinear Adjustment to Purchasing Power Parity for ASEAN Countries”, Japan and the World Economy, 24(4), 325-331.
  • Clements, K.W. & Y. Lan & S.P. Seah (2007), “The Big Mac Index 21 Years On: An Evaluation of Burgereconomics”, Discussion Paper, University of Western Australia Department of Economics, 23.
  • Cucinelli, D. & V. Farina & P. Schwizer & M.G. Soana (2020), “Better the Devil You Know: The Impact of Brexit Political Uncertainty on European Financial Markets”, International Journal of Business and Management, 15(6), 62-83.
  • Dal Bianco, M.J. (2008), “Argentinean Real Exchange Rate 1900-2006: Testing Purchasing Power Parity Theory”, Estudios de Economía, 35(1), 33-64.
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1979), “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series With a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427-431.
  • Dickey, D.A. & W.A. Fuller (1981), “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Doğanlar, M. & H. Bal & M. Özmen (2009), “Testing Long-Run Validity of Purchasing Power Parity for Selected Emerging Market Economies”, Applied Economics Letters, 16(14), 1443-1448.
  • Doğanlar, M. & O. Kızılkaya & F. Mike (2020), “Testing the Long-Run PPP for Turkey: New Evidence from the Fourier Quantile Unit Root Test”, Applied Economics Letters, 27(9), 729-735.
  • Doğanlar, M. (2006), “Long-Run Validity of Purchasing Power Parity and Cointegration Analysis for Central Asian Countries”, Applied Economics Letters, 13(7), 457-461.
  • Dornbusch, R. (1979), “Monetary Policy Under Exchange Rate Flexibility”, NBER Working Paper Series, 311. Dornbusch, R. (1985), “Purchasing Power Parity”, NBER Working Paper Series, 1591.
  • Elliott, G. & T. Rothenberg & J. Stock (1996), “Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root”, Econometrica, 64(4), 813-836.
  • Enders, W. & K. Chumrusphonlert (2004), “Threshold Cointegration and Purchasing Power Parity in the Pacific Nations”, Applied Economics, 36(9), 889-896.
  • Feenstra, R.C. & A.M. Taylor (2008), International Economics, New York: Worth Publishers.
  • Frankel, J.A. & A.K. Rose (1996), “A Panel Project on Purchasing Power Parity: Mean Reversion Within and Between Countries”, Journal of International Economics, 40(1-2), 209-224.
  • Frenkel, J.A. (1978), “Purchasing Power Parity: Doctrinal Perspective and Evidence from the 1920s”, Journal of International Economics, 8(2), 169-191.
  • Fuller, W.A. (1996), Introduction to Statistical Time Series, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Greene, W. (2016), Ekonometrik Çözümleme, (Çev. Ü. Şenesen), Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Güriş, B. (2019), “A New Nonlinear Unit Root Test with Fourier Function”, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 48(10), 3056-3062.
  • Hackl, P. (2013), Einführung in die Ökonometrie, München: Pearson Deutschland.
  • He, H. & T. Chang (2013), “Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Sequential Panel Selection Method”, Economic Modelling, 35, 604-609.
  • Jarchow, H.-J. & P. Rühman (2000), Monetäre Auβenwirtschaft I: Monetäre Auβenwirtschaftstheorie, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Kalyoncu, H. & K. Kalyoncu (2008), “Purchasing Power Parity in OECD Countries: Evidence from Panel Unit Root”, Economic Modelling, 25(3), 440-445.
  • Kapetanios, G. & Y. Shin & A. Snell (2003), “Testing for a Unit Root in the Non-linear STAR Framework”, Journal of Econometrics, 112(2), 359-379.
  • Karagöz, K. & T.B. Saraç (2016), “Testing the Validity of PPP Theory for Turkey: Non-linear Unit Root Testing”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 38, 458-467.
  • Krugman, P.R. & M. Obstfeld & M.J. Melitz (2015), Internationale Wirtschaft: Theorie und Politik der Außenwirtschaft, (Trans. A. Rietmann), Hallbergmoose: Pearson Deutschland.
  • Kruse, R. (2011), “A New Unit Root Test Against ESTAR Based on a Class of Modified Statistics”, Statistical Papers, 52(1), 71-85.
  • Kwiatkowski, D. & P.C.B. Phillips & P. Schmidt & Y. Shin (1992), “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root: How Sure are we that Economic Time Series Have a Unit Root?”, Journal of Econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Lee, J. & M.C. Strazicich (2003), “Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 1082-1089.
  • Lee, J. & M.C. Strazicich (2004), Minimum LM Unit Root Test with One Structural Break, <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7080165.pdf>, 18.11.2020.
  • MacDonald, R. (1993), “Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity: Is it for Real?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 75(4), 690-695.
  • MacDonald, R. (2007), Exchange Rate Economics: Theories and Evidence, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Mike, F. & O. Kızılkaya (2019), “Testing the Theory of PPP for Emerging Market Economies that Practice Flexible Exchange Rate Regimes”, Applied Economics Letters, 26(17), 1411-1417.
  • Moeller, W. (2011), Die Euro-Krise, Norderstedt: Books on Demand.
  • Moritz, K.-H. & G. Stadtmann (2010), Monetäre Auβenwirtschaft, München: Franz Vahlen.
  • Murad, S.W. & M.A. Hossain (2018), “The ASEAN Experience of the Purchasing Power Parity Theory”, Financial Innovation, 4(1), 1-10.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005), “New Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity from 17 OECD Countries”, Applied Economics, 37(9), 1063-1071.
  • Ng, S. & P. Perron (2001), “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power”, Econometrica, 69(6), 1519-1554.
  • Otto, S. (2021), “Unit Root Testing with Slowly Varying Trends”, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 42(1), 85-106.
  • Pan, G. & T. Chang & C.-H. Lee & W.-C. Liu (2012), “Revisiting Purchasing Power Parity for 18 African Countries: Sequential Panel Selection Method”, Applied Economics Letters, 19, 877-881.
  • Papell, D.H. (1997), “Searching for Stationarity: Purchasing Power Parity Under the Current Float”, Journal of International Economics, 43(3-4), 313-332.
  • Patterson, K. (2000), An Introduction to Applied Econometrics: A Time Series Approach, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press.
  • Perron, P. & S. Ng (1996), “Useful Modifications to Some Unit Root Tests with Dependent Errors and their Local Asymptotic Properties”, The Review of Economic Studies, 63(3), 435-463.
  • Perron, P. (1989), “The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis”, Econometrica, 57(6), 1361-1401.
  • Phillips, P.C. & P. Perron (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346.
  • Rose, K. (1974), Theorie der Auβenwirtschaft, München: Franz Vahlen.
  • Rübel, G. (2013), Auβenwirtschaft: Grundlagen der Realen und Monetären Theorie, München: Oldenbourg.
  • She, F. & M. Zakaria & M. Khan & W. Jun (2020), “Purchasing Power Parity in Pakistan: Evidence from Fourier Unit Root Tests”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 1-20.
  • Shim, H. & H. Kim & S. Kim & D. Ryu (2016), “Testing the Relative Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis: The Case of Korea”, Applied Economics, 48(25), 2383-2395.
  • Siebert, H. (1988), “Anpassungsprozesse in Einer Offenen Volkswirtschaft mit Nicht-Handelbaren Gütern”, Diskussionsbeiträge - Serie II, No. 48, Universität Konstanz.
  • Sperber, H. & J. Sprink (2012), Internationale Wirtschaft und Finanzen, München: Oldenbourg.
  • Taylor, M.P. & M.P. Taylor (2004), “The Purchasing Power Parity Debate”, NBER Working Paper, 10607.
  • Taylor, M.P. (1988), “An Empirical Examination of Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity Using Cointegration Techniques”, Applied Economics, 20(10), 1369-1381.
  • Vergil, H. & F. Özkan (2007), “Purchasing Power Parity and ARIMA Models in Forecasting Exchange Rates: The Case of Turkey”, Istanbul Stock Exchange Review, 9(35), 37-50.
  • <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Ocak-2021-37413>, 29.06.2021.
  • <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dis-Ticaret-Istatistikleri-Eylul-2020-33857>, 30.06.2021.
  • <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/de/web/hicp/>, 30.06.2021.
  • <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/hicp/data/database>, 12.06.2021.
  • <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket>, 12.06.2021.
  • <https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/brexit-ve-birlesik-krallik-sta>, 30.06.2021.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Erdoğmuş 0000-0001-9700-630X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 50

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğmuş, M. (2021). An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound. Sosyoekonomi, 29(50), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03
AMA Erdoğmuş M. An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound. Sosyoekonomi. Ekim 2021;29(50):51-71. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03
Chicago Erdoğmuş, Mehmet. “An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound”. Sosyoekonomi 29, sy. 50 (Ekim 2021): 51-71. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03.
EndNote Erdoğmuş M (01 Ekim 2021) An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound. Sosyoekonomi 29 50 51–71.
IEEE M. Erdoğmuş, “An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 50, ss. 51–71, 2021, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03.
ISNAD Erdoğmuş, Mehmet. “An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound”. Sosyoekonomi 29/50 (Ekim 2021), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03.
JAMA Erdoğmuş M. An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29:51–71.
MLA Erdoğmuş, Mehmet. “An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 29, sy. 50, 2021, ss. 51-71, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.03.
Vancouver Erdoğmuş M. An Analysis of The Validity of Absolute Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Turkish Lira and British Pound. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29(50):51-7.

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