Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Rage Bait in the Digital Sports Ecosystem: A New Media Algorithm Manipulating Fan Engagement

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 76 - 90, 30.12.2025

Öz

This review examines the rise of rage bait in contemporary sports media, exploring its theoretical and algorithmic mechanics, and examining its ethical and social impacts on the sports ecosystem. The study argues that rage bait is a manipulative media practice aimed at exploiting users' emotional responses under the intense commercial pressures of an attention economy fueled by a glut of content. Rage bait, in particular, is seen as targeting anger, anxiety, and strong feelings of belonging within the context of social identity theory, transforming rational debate into collective hostility.
Rage Bait strategies are directly rewarded by platform algorithms, increasing the revenue of content creators and platforms. This economic cycle leads to serious social consequences such as toxicity, digital lynching, and bullying, and causes civil discourse to give way to radical polarization within fan culture. This collective anger, particularly exacerbated by the disinhibition effect provided by anonymous social media accounts, threatens not only relationships among fans but also the mental health of the athletes and commentators directly targeted, rapidly eroding the fundamental ethical principles of sports journalism: honesty, objectivity, and non-maleficence.
To break this destructive cycle, the study offers concrete recommendations that platforms should revise their existing algorithms that encourage toxic interactions and ensure algorithmic transparency. It also emphasizes that media organizations should return to ethical commitments despite profitability pressures, mandate the creation of identifiable social media user accounts, and raise media literacy and awareness among the public and fans. The study argues that the crisis created by Rage Bait can be overcome through systemic accountability and cultural resistance.

Kaynakça

  • Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes, solutions. Digital journalism, 6(2), 154-175.
  • Beck, J. C., & Davenport, T. H. (2001). The attention economy: Understanding the new currency of business. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Pres.
  • Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2012). What makes online content viral?. Journal of marketing research, 49(2), 192- 205.
  • Billings, A. C., Hardin, M., & Brown, N. A. (2014). Defining ubiquity: Introduction to the Routledge Handbook of Sport and New Media. In Routledge Handbook of Sport and New Media (pp. 1-3). Routledge.
  • Birk, M., Tandoc, E. C. (2020). The clickbait challenge: How digital news publishers negotiate the tension between clickability and credibility. Journalism Studies, 21(1), 1-19.
  • Boyle, R. (2017). Sports journalism: Changing journalism practice and digital media. Digital Journalism, 5(5), 493-495.
  • Cleland, J. (2014). Racism, football fans, and online message boards: How social media has added a new dimension to racist discourse in English football. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 38(5), 415-431.
  • Crockett, M. J. (2017). Moral outrage in the digital age. Nature human behaviour, 1(11), 769-771.
  • Hutchins, B., & Rowe, D. (2012). Sport beyond television: The internet, digital media and the rise of networked media sport. Routledge.
  • Lin, W., Cen, Z., & Chen, Y. (2025). The impact of social media addiction on the negative emotions of adolescent athletes: the mediating role of physical appearance comparisons and sleep. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1452769.
  • Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online. New York: Data & Society Research Institute, 359, 1146-1151.
  • Oxford University Press (2025). The Oxford Word of the Year 2025 is rage bait. https://corp.oup.com/news/the- oxford-word-of-the-year-2025-is-rage-bait/ Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2025
  • Sanderson, J. (2013). From loving the hero to despising the villain: Sports fans, Facebook, and social identity threats. Mass Communication and Society, 16(4), 487-509.
  • Schlesinger, A., O'Hara, K. P., & Taylor, A. S. (2018). Let's talk about race: Identity, chatbots, and AI. In Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14).
  • Shin, J., DeFelice, C., & Kim, S. (2025). Emotion Sells: Rage Bait vs. Information Bait in Clickbait News Headlines on Social Media. Digital Journalism, 1-20.
  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3), 321-326.
  • Turner, J. C., Brown, R. J., & Tajfel, H. (1979). Social comparison and group interest in ingroup favouritism. European journal of social psychology, 9(2), 187-204.
  • Webster, J. G. (2016). The marketplace of attention: How audiences take shape in a digital age. MIT press.

Dijital Spor Ekosisteminde Rage Bait: Taraftar Etkileşimini Manipüle Eden Yeni Medya Algoritması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 76 - 90, 30.12.2025

Öz

Bu derleme çalışması, çağdaş spor medyasında Rage Bait (Öfke Tuzağı) stratejisinin yükselişini, ardındaki teorik ve algoritmik mekanikleri ile spor ekosistemi üzerindeki etik ve sosyal etkilerini derinlemesine incelemektedir. Çalışma, Rage Bait'in, içerik bolluğunun yarattığı dikkat ekonomisinin getirdiği şiddetli ticari baskı altında kullanıcıların duygusal tepkilerini sömürmeyi amaçlayan manipülatif bir medya pratiği olduğunu savunmaktadır. Rage Bait kavramının özellikle yüksek uyarılma teorisi üzerinden öfke, kaygı ve sosyal kimlik teorisi bağlamında güçlü aidiyet duygularını hedef alarak, rasyonel tartışmayı kolektif düşmanlığa dönüştürdüğü görülmektedir.
Rage Bait stratejilerinin platform algoritmaları tarafından doğrudan ödüllendirilerek içerik üreticilerinin ve platformların gelirini artırdığını göstermektedir. Bu ekonomik döngü, toksisite, dijital linç ve zorbalık gibi ciddi sosyal sonuçlara yol açmakta olup taraftar kültüründe sivil söylemin yerini radikal kutuplaşmaya bırakmasına neden olmaktadır. Özellikle anonim sosyal medya hesaplarının sağladığı engellenmeme etkisiyle şiddetlenen bu kolektif öfke, yalnızca taraftarlar arasındaki ilişkileri değil aynı zamanda doğrudan hedeflenen sporcuların ve yorumcuların ruh sağlığını tehdit etmekte ve spor gazeteciliğinin dürüstlük, objektiflik ve zarar vermeme gibi temel etik ilkelerini hızla aşındırmaktadır.
Çalışma, bu yıkıcı döngüyü kırmak için platformların, toksik etkileşimi teşvik eden mevcut algoritmalarını revize etmesi ve algoritmik şeffaflık sağlaması gerektiği yönünde somut öneriler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca medya kuruluşlarının karlılık baskısına rağmen etik taahhüde geri dönmesi, sosyal medya kullanıcı hesaplarının kimlik bilgileri ile kayıt oluşturma zorunluluğu ve kamuoyu ile taraftarların medya okuryazarlığı ile bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma, Rage Bait'in yarattığı krizin, sistemik sorumluluk ve kültürel direniş yoluyla aşılabileceğini ileri sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bakir, V., & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes, solutions. Digital journalism, 6(2), 154-175.
  • Beck, J. C., & Davenport, T. H. (2001). The attention economy: Understanding the new currency of business. Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Pres.
  • Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2012). What makes online content viral?. Journal of marketing research, 49(2), 192- 205.
  • Billings, A. C., Hardin, M., & Brown, N. A. (2014). Defining ubiquity: Introduction to the Routledge Handbook of Sport and New Media. In Routledge Handbook of Sport and New Media (pp. 1-3). Routledge.
  • Birk, M., Tandoc, E. C. (2020). The clickbait challenge: How digital news publishers negotiate the tension between clickability and credibility. Journalism Studies, 21(1), 1-19.
  • Boyle, R. (2017). Sports journalism: Changing journalism practice and digital media. Digital Journalism, 5(5), 493-495.
  • Cleland, J. (2014). Racism, football fans, and online message boards: How social media has added a new dimension to racist discourse in English football. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 38(5), 415-431.
  • Crockett, M. J. (2017). Moral outrage in the digital age. Nature human behaviour, 1(11), 769-771.
  • Hutchins, B., & Rowe, D. (2012). Sport beyond television: The internet, digital media and the rise of networked media sport. Routledge.
  • Lin, W., Cen, Z., & Chen, Y. (2025). The impact of social media addiction on the negative emotions of adolescent athletes: the mediating role of physical appearance comparisons and sleep. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1452769.
  • Marwick, A., & Lewis, R. (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online. New York: Data & Society Research Institute, 359, 1146-1151.
  • Oxford University Press (2025). The Oxford Word of the Year 2025 is rage bait. https://corp.oup.com/news/the- oxford-word-of-the-year-2025-is-rage-bait/ Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2025
  • Sanderson, J. (2013). From loving the hero to despising the villain: Sports fans, Facebook, and social identity threats. Mass Communication and Society, 16(4), 487-509.
  • Schlesinger, A., O'Hara, K. P., & Taylor, A. S. (2018). Let's talk about race: Identity, chatbots, and AI. In Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14).
  • Shin, J., DeFelice, C., & Kim, S. (2025). Emotion Sells: Rage Bait vs. Information Bait in Clickbait News Headlines on Social Media. Digital Journalism, 1-20.
  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3), 321-326.
  • Turner, J. C., Brown, R. J., & Tajfel, H. (1979). Social comparison and group interest in ingroup favouritism. European journal of social psychology, 9(2), 187-204.
  • Webster, J. G. (2016). The marketplace of attention: How audiences take shape in a digital age. MIT press.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Batıkan Karavelioğlu 0000-0002-6218-1850

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karavelioğlu, B. (2025). Dijital Spor Ekosisteminde Rage Bait: Taraftar Etkileşimini Manipüle Eden Yeni Medya Algoritması. Spor Eğitimi ve Bilim, 1(2), 76-90.