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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INJURY ANXIETY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AMONG TEAM ATHLETES WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISABILITIES

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 21 - 34, 30.12.2025

Fatih Mirze , Atike Yılmaz , Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1615095
https://izlik.org/JA24RY38TW

Öz

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between injury anxiety and psychological resilience of disabled team athletes in the leagues under the umbrella of physically, visually and hearing impaired federations in Turkey. The study group of the research, which used the relational screening model, one of the general screening models, consisted of a total of 105 disabled athletes, 34 physically impaired, 34 visually impaired and 37 hearing impaired, who participated in the study on a voluntary basis. Data collection was conducted using the snowball sampling method, and the data were gathered online through Google Forms. The data were obtained using the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale and the Psychological Resilience Scale.The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and since the data were not normally distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons involving more than two groups, and the Spearman correlation analysis was performed. The findings revealed that visually impaired athletes had significantly higher levels of anxiety about pain compared to physically and hearing-impaired athletes. It was determined that injury anxiety did not affect the psychological resilience of visually impaired athletes. However, a negative relationship was found between injury anxiety and psychological resilience among physically impaired athletes (involving psychosocial elements) and hearing-impaired athletes (involving both physical and psychosocial elements). When all participants were considered as a whole, a negative relationship was identified between injury anxiety, including both physical and environmental factors, and psychological resilience. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a negative relationship between the injury anxiety and psychological resilience of disabled athletes, influenced by both physical and environmental factors, and that this relationship varies according to the type of disability. In this context, it is suggested that efforts should be made to enhance the psychological resilience of disabled athletes to improve their injury anxiety, and that injuries should be considered in relation to both physical and psychological characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

paralympic athletes injury anxiety psychological resilience sport psychology

Kaynakça

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  • Atkinson, F., & Martin, J. (2020). Gritty, hardy, resilient, and socially supported: A replication study. Disability and Health Journal, 13(1), 100839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100839
  • Aydoğan, D., & Hadi, G. (2020). Türk bedensel engelli sporcularda dayanıklılık: Spora katılımın rolü. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(30), 2401-2425. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.769829
  • Ballas, J., Buultjens, M., Murphy, G., & Jackson, M. (2022). Elite-level athletes with physical impairments: Barriers and facilitators to sport participation. Disability & Society, 37(6), 1018-1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2020.1862642
  • Bentzen, M., Kenttä, G., Karls, T., & Fagher, K. (2022). Monitoring mental distress in Para athletes in preparation, during and after the Beijing Paralympic Games 2022: A 22-week prospective mixed-method study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 945073. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.945073
  • Bigelow, R. T., Reed, N. S., Brewster, K. K., Huang, A., Rebok, G., Rutherford, B. R., & Lin, F. R. (2020). Association of hearing loss with psychological distress and utilization of mental health services among adults in the United States. JAMA Network Open, 3(7), e2010986-e2010986. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10986
  • Biswas, A., & Biswas, A. K. (2023). Psychological interventions of injury in athletes: A review. International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences, 12(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.55968/ijems.v12i01.248
  • Blanco-García, C., Acebes-Sánchez, J., Rodriguez-Romo, G., & Mon-López, D. (2021). Resilience in sports: Sport type, gender, age and sport level differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158196
  • Caz, Ç., Kayhan, R. F., & Bardakçı, S. (2019). Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(1), 52-63. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.116
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FARKLI ENGELE SAHİP TAKIM SPORCULARINDA YARALANMA KAYGISI VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 21 - 34, 30.12.2025

Fatih Mirze , Atike Yılmaz , Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1615095
https://izlik.org/JA24RY38TW

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de bedensel, görme ve işitme engelliler federasyonları çatısı altındaki liglerde bulunan engelli takım sporcularının, yaralanma kaygısı ve psikolojik sağlamlıkları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Genel tarama modellerinden biri olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu gönüllülük esasıyla çalışmaya katılan 34 bedensel, 34 görme ve 37 işitme engelli olmak üzere toplam 105 engelli sporcu oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler Google Formlar aracılığıyla çevrimiçi toplanmıştır. Veriler Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Ölçeği ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi ile değerlendirilmiş ve dağılım normal olmadığı için ikiden fazla karşılaştırmalar için Kruskal Wallis ve korelasyon için Sperman analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular değerlendirildiğinde görme engelli sporcuların acı çekme kaygı düzeylerinin bedensel ve işitme engelli sporculardan anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Görme engeli olan sporcuların yaralanma kaygılarının psikolojik sağlamlıklarını etkilemediği, bedensel engeli olan sporcuların psikososyal, işitme engeli olan sporcuların ise hem fiziksel hem de psikososyal unsurları içeren yaralanma kaygıları ile psikolojik sağlamlıkları arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcılar bir bütün olarak ele alındığında hem fiziksel hem de çevresel unsurları içeren yaralanma kaygıları ile psikolojik sağlamlıkları arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak engelli sporcuların yaralanma kaygıları ile psikolojik sağlamlıkları arasında hem fiziksel hem de çevresel faktörlerden kaynaklanan ters yönlü bir ilişki bulunduğu ve bu ilişkinin engel türüne göre farklılık gösterdiği söylenebilir. Bu doğrultuda engelli sporcuların yaralanma kaygılarını iyileştirmek için psikolojik sağlamlıklarını geliştirmeye yönelik çalışmaların yapılması ve yaralanmaların hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik özelliklerle ilişkili olduğunun dikkate alınması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

paralimpik sporcu Yaralanma kaygısı psikolojik sağlamlık Psikoloji takım sporu

Etik Beyan

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu tarafından 03/06/2024 tarih ve 8/72 sayılı karar ile 'Paralimpik Sporcularda Yaralanma Kaygısı ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık Arasındaki İlişki' başlıklı çalışma etik kurulu tarafından uygun bulunmuştur.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Aditya, R. S., Rahmatika, Q. T., Solikhah, F. K., AlMutairi, R. I., Alruwaili, A. S., Astuti, E. S., & Fadila, R. (2024). Mental toughness may have an impact on athlete’s performance: Systematic review. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 56, 328-337. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
  • Akoğlu, H. E., Cengiz, C., Hazar, Z., Erdeveciler, Ö., & Balcı, V. (2024). The impact of mental toughness on resilience and well‐being: A comparison of hearing‐impaired and non‐hearing‐impaired athletes. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 34(4), e2841. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2841
  • Atkinson, F., & Martin, J. (2020). Gritty, hardy, resilient, and socially supported: A replication study. Disability and Health Journal, 13(1), 100839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100839
  • Aydoğan, D., & Hadi, G. (2020). Türk bedensel engelli sporcularda dayanıklılık: Spora katılımın rolü. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(30), 2401-2425. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.769829
  • Ballas, J., Buultjens, M., Murphy, G., & Jackson, M. (2022). Elite-level athletes with physical impairments: Barriers and facilitators to sport participation. Disability & Society, 37(6), 1018-1037. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2020.1862642
  • Bentzen, M., Kenttä, G., Karls, T., & Fagher, K. (2022). Monitoring mental distress in Para athletes in preparation, during and after the Beijing Paralympic Games 2022: A 22-week prospective mixed-method study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 945073. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.945073
  • Bigelow, R. T., Reed, N. S., Brewster, K. K., Huang, A., Rebok, G., Rutherford, B. R., & Lin, F. R. (2020). Association of hearing loss with psychological distress and utilization of mental health services among adults in the United States. JAMA Network Open, 3(7), e2010986-e2010986. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10986
  • Biswas, A., & Biswas, A. K. (2023). Psychological interventions of injury in athletes: A review. International Journal of Research Pedagogy and Technology in Education and Movement Sciences, 12(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.55968/ijems.v12i01.248
  • Blanco-García, C., Acebes-Sánchez, J., Rodriguez-Romo, G., & Mon-López, D. (2021). Resilience in sports: Sport type, gender, age and sport level differences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158196
  • Caz, Ç., Kayhan, R. F., & Bardakçı, S. (2019). Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 54(1), 52-63. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2019.116
  • Çavdar, Çağatay ve Şahin, İbrahim. (2023). Bedensel Engelli Sporcuların Spor Yaralanması Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Eğitim ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 19-26. https://egitimtoplum.com.tr/index.php/pub/article/view/6
  • De Cruz, N. P., Spray, C. M., & Smith, B. (2019). Implicit beliefs of disability and elite sport: The para-athlete experience. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(1), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2017.1384753
  • Dehghansai, N., Pinder, R. A., Baker, J., & Renshaw, I. (2021). Challenges and stresses experienced by athletes and coaches leading up to the Paralympic Games. PLOS ONE, 16(5), e0251171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251171
  • Derman, W., Badenhorst, M., Blauwet, C., Emery, C. A., Fagher, K., Lee, Y. H., ... & Weiler, R. (2021). Para sport translation of the IOC consensus on recording and reporting of data for injury and illness in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(19), 1068-1076. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103464
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Dutton, R. A. (2019). Medical and musculoskeletal concerns for the wheelchair athlete: a review of preventative strategies. Current sports medicine reports, 18(1), 9-16. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000560
  • Fagher, K., Dahlström, Ö., & Lexell, J. (2023). Mental health, sleep, and pain in elite Para athletes and the association with injury and illness—A prospective study. PM&R, 15(9), 1130-1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12917
  • Farì, G., Latino, F., Tafuri, F., Dell’Anna, L., Raele, M. V., Fai, A., ... & Ranieri, M. (2023). Shoulder pain biomechanics, rehabilitation and prevention in wheelchair basketball players: A narrative review. Biomechanics, 3(3), 362-376. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030030
  • Ferreira, R. W., de Athayde Costa e Silva, A., Brandao, M. R. F., Magno e Silva, M. P., Gaia, J. W. P., & Pires, D. A. (2024). Burnout syndrome and coping strategies in athletes with disabilities: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 43(12), 11023-11036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05186-9
  • Garit, J. R., Rodríguez, R. C., Surita, Y. P., Méndez, L. R., Carvajal, D. C., Moya, Y. S., & Castellanos, R. B. (2023). Peculiarities of the relationships between anxiety, psychological skills, and injuries in Cuban athletes. The Open Psychology Journal, 16(1). DOI: 10.2174/18743501-v15-e221207-2022-60
  • Grunberg, N. E., Doorley, J. D., & Barry, E. S. (2024). Sport psychology: Principles and practices for sports medicine physicians. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 23(5), 192-198. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/sports-medicine-industry#.
  • Johnson, P., Cawthon, S., Fink, B., Wendel, E., & Schoffstall, S. (2018). Trauma and resilience among deaf individuals. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 23(4), 317-330. DOI: 10.1093/deafed/eny024
  • Kahya, S., & Yildiz, Y. A. (2023). A study on sports injuries and anxiety. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences, 4(2), 531-545. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7980612
  • Karasar, N. (2020). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar-ilkeler-teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., & Park, K. J. (2023). The impact of regular exercise, competition experience, and physical self-efficacy on psychological resilience. Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 32(3), 1-19. https://rpd-online.com/manuscript/index.php/rpd/article/view/1343
  • Kirk, T. N., McKay, C., & Foy, J. (2023). Psychological preparation and coping strategies: Reflections from Paralympians. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(2), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2044369
  • Khoirunnisa, F., & Perdana, S. S. (2025). The Relationship of Sports to the Incidence of Injuries in Para Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Kinanthropology (IJOK), 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26740/ijok.v5n1.p1-13
  • Kucuk, H. (2024). Investigation of sport participation motivation and psychological resilience in football players. Journal of ROL Sport Sciences, 5(1), 30-40. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10876509
  • Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., ... & Kiselev, N. (2023). Perspectives on mental health and well-being: Voices of Swiss Paralympic athletes. Sports Psychiatry: Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychiatry, 3(3), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000057
  • Miller, B., Barker, J. B., Hunton, E., & Plateau, C. R. (2024). Understanding experiences of and influences on well-being in elite para-sport: A qualitative exploration of UK para-athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 13(2), 126–143. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000342
  • Mira, T., Costa, A. M., Jacinto, M., Diz, S., Monteiro, D., Rodrigues, F., ... & Antunes, R. (2023). Well-being, resilience and social support of athletes with disabilities: A systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 13(5), 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050389
  • Mira, T., Monteiro, D., Costa, A. M., Morouço, P., Matos, R., & Antunes, R. (2022). Tokyo 2020: A sociodemographic and psychosocial characterization of the Portuguese Paralympic team. In Healthcare, 10(7), 1185. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071185
  • Muñoz-Jiménez, J., Gámez-Calvo, L., Rojas-Valverde, D., León, K., & Gamonales, J. M. (2022). Analysis of injuries and wellness in blind athletes during an international football competition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148827
  • Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., & Kerr, G. (2023). Olympic and Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of the Canadian sport environment and mental health. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 15(5), 636-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2023.2187443
  • Puce, L., Biz, C., Cerchiaro, M., Scapinello, D., Giarrizzo, L., Trompetto, C., ... & Ruggieri, P. (2023). Young para-athletes display more hedonic well-being than people with disabilities not taking part in competitive sports: Insights from a multi-country survey. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1176595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176595
  • Rebai, M., Tan, R., Vanlandewijck, Y., Derman, W., Webborn, N., & Fagher, K. (2023). The underlying mechanisms of sports injuries in Paralympic Goalball: A mixed-method study. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 102(8), 746-753. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002095
  • Renton, T., Petersen, B., & Kennedy, S. (2021). Investigating correlates of athletic identity and sport-related injury outcomes: A scoping review. BMJ Open, 11(4), e044199. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044199
  • Rex, C. C., & Metzler, J. N. (2016). Development of the sport injury anxiety scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 20(3), 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2016.1188818
  • Samadi, H., Moradi, J., & Karimi, H. (2022). Effectiveness of sports activities on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perceived psychological stress, and psychological hardiness of veterans and the disabled. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 14(1), 43-49. http://ijwph.ir/article-1-1102-en.html
  • Sedgley, M. D., Hudson, K. B., Blauwet, C., Madsen, C. M., Seales, P., Troyanos, C., ... & O'Connor, F. G. (2024). Adaptive athlete considerations for races and other mass participation sporting events. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 23(5), 162-167. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001163
  • Silva, A., Pinheiro, L. S. P., Silva, S., Andrade, H., Pereira, A. G., da Silva, F. R., ... & de Mello, M. T. (2022). Sleep in Paralympic athletes and its relationship with injuries and illnesses. Physical Therapy in Sport, 56, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.06.001
  • Silván-Ferrero, P., Recio, P., Molero, F., & Nouvilas-Pallejà, E. (2020). Psychological quality of life in people with physical disability: The effect of internalized stigma, collective action and resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051802
  • Singh, V., Krishna, N. R., Catalin, C. V., Rajpurohit, R. S., Bisht, P., Nath, M., ... & Mario, D. T. (2023). A comparative research investigation on different dominions of aggressiveness among professional Indian para throwers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(12), 3418-3424. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2023.12392
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
  • Şenel, Ö., Özkan, Z., Arman, N., & Bingöl, M. (2023). Ekstrem sporcuların spor yaralanma kaygı düzeyi ile karar verme stillerinin araştırılması. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1-Cumhuriyet’in 100. Yılı Özel Sayısı), 532-547. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1288603
  • Teodoro, J. I., Irving, E. L., Blaine, J. D., & Dalton, K. N. (2024, February). An urgent call for concussion incidence measures in para sport for athletes with vision impairment: A narrative review. In Healthcare, 12(5), 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050525
  • Wang, X., Nasiruddin, N. J. B. M., Ji, S., Gao, X., Hassan, M. Z. B., Dong, D., & Samsudin, S. B. (2024). Effects of mindfulness-based programs on competitive anxiety in sports: A meta-analysis. Current Psychology, 1(13). 18521–18533 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05648-8
  • Weith, M., Junge, A., Rolvien, T., Kluge, S., & Hollander, K. (2023). Epidemiology of injuries and illnesses in elite wheelchair basketball players over a whole season: A prospective cohort study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 15(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00692-6
  • Yarayan, Y. E., İlhan, E. L., Esentürk, O. K., Arı, Ç., & Gülşen, D. B. A. (2023). Does emotional intelligence affect mental toughness in physically disabled athletes? Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1228541
  • Yıldız, A. B. (2022). Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi adaylarının spor yaralanması kaygıları ile sportif sorunlarla başa çıkma becerilerinin incelenmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 408-425. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1147442
  • Zurita-Ortega, F., Chacón-Cuberos, R., Cofre-Bolados, C., Knox, E., & Muros, J. J. (2018). Relationship of resilience, anxiety and injuries in footballers: Structural equations analysis. PLOS ONE, 13(11), e0207860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207860
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Engelliler için Beden Eğitimi, Spor ve Fiziksel Aktivite
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Mirze 0000-0002-4293-7227

Atike Yılmaz 0000-0003-4489-9671

Gülşen Filazoğlu Çokluk 0000-0002-7431-282X

Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1615095
IZ https://izlik.org/JA24RY38TW
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Mirze, F., Yılmaz, A., & Filazoğlu Çokluk, G. (2025). FARKLI ENGELE SAHİP TAKIM SPORCULARINDA YARALANMA KAYGISI VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1615095
Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Non-Derivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

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