ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI

Öz

Sportif performans artışı sağlamanın yanında rehabilitasyon amaçlı yaygın olarak kullanılan elektriksel kas uyarım yöntemi ya da diğer adıyla elektromyostimülasyon (EMS) deri üzerinden kas ya da sinir bölgelerine elektrotlar aracılığıyla uygulanan elektriksel akımlarla kas kontraksiyonu elde etme ve bu yolla hızlı motor ünitelerin yavaş motor ünitelerle beraber senkronize katılımıyla antrene edilerek, fiziksel performansta fonksiyonel artışlar elde etme amaçlı kullanılan konvansiyonel olmayan bir egzersiz metodudur. Bu şekilde EMS’nin hem sinir dalları hem de kas liflerinde iyon hareketini tetikleyerek aksiyon potansiyeli oluşturması, motor ve duyusal nöral girdilerle spinal ve supraspinal merkezleri aktive etmesi ve ayrıca antrenman süreci sonrası hipertrofisiz kuvvet kazanımları ile ünilateral EMS sonucu kontrolateral kasta da kuvvet kazanımlarının ortaya çıkması EMS’nin nöromuskuler sisteme biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral etkileri olduğu düşüncesini desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmalarını incelemeye odaklanmış olan bu derlemede ilk olarak EMS’nin tarihsel gelişimine değinilmiş sonraki kısımda ise EMS’nin biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmaları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan mekanizmaların ortaya konarak bu yolla sportif performans ve rehabilitasyon amaçlı kullanımını daha net ve daha bilimsel temellere dayanarak daha EMS uygulamalarının etkin kullanımına katkıda bulunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektromyostimülasyon
• İyon Hareketi
• Aksiyon Potansiyeli
• Refleks Kasılma
• Motor Ünite Katılımı

Kaynakça

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