ANTRENÖRDEN ALGILANAN ÖZERKLİK DESTEĞİ VE SPORCULARIN ÖZERK GÜDÜLENMESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BİR META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Hür İrade Kuramı (Self-Determination Theory) tarafından açıklanan özerk güdülenme kavramı, içsel güdülenme ve dışsal güdülenmenin daha özerk formlarını ifade etmektedir. İlgili alan yazın, sosyal çevrenin sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu araştırmanın amacı antrenörden algılanan özerklik desteği ve sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi ilişkisini meta-analiz yöntemi ile incelemektir. Meta-analiz, benzer konularda yapılmış ve birbirinden bağımsız olan çalışmalardan gerekli verilerin elde edilerek analiz edilmesi ve bu analizler sonucu genel bir yargıya varma yöntemidir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, Web of Science, ERIC, Sport Discus, ULAKBİM ve Science Direct veri tabanları anahtar kelimeler ile taranarak önceden oluşturulan dahil etme kriterleri kapsamında araştırmalara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırmalar özelliklerine göre kategorize edilerek moderatör analizleri uygulanmıştır. Pearson r ve örneklem sayısı gibi değerler kaydedilerek her araştırma için etki büyüklükleri hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen toplam 14 araştırma makalesi içerisinde 18 etki büyüklüğüne ulaşılmış, 15 etki büyüklüğü üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır (n=4090 sporcu). Analizler sonucunda, araştırma kapsamına alınan çalışmalar arasında heterojenite olduğu belirlenmiştir (Q=73.588, p<.05, I2=80.975). Bu nedenle analizler rastgele etkiler modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm etki büyüklükleri birlikte analiz edildiğinde, antrenörden algılanan özerklik desteği ve sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (r=.34, z=9.20, p<.05). Moderatör değişkenleri olan spor türü, spor seviyesi ve kıta değişkenlerinin her düzeyi kendi içerisinde değerlendirildiğinde de anlamlı pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, bu ilişkinin spor türü (QGA=1.783, p=.410), spor seviyesi (QGA=1.291, p=.524) ve araştırmanın yapıldığı kıta (QGA=0.353, p=.838) değişkenlerine göre farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak antrenörden algılanan özerklik desteği ve sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi arasında orta düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu ve bu ilişkinin moderatör değişkenlere göre farklılık göstermediği söylenebilir. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda antrenörlere bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Özerklik desteği,özerk güdülenme,meta analiz

Kaynakça

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